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In the era of Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0, the integration of digital technologies, automation and data-driven insights has generated a broad wave of transformation across all industries, including the insurance sector. The study focuses on determining how the adoption of these technologies (InsurTech) is changing the life insurance industry, ultimately enhancing the level of customer satisfaction.

The data analysis has been performed with 304 useable responses from the policyholders of life insurance in the north-west region of India. The methodology adopted for this study is partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM). To investigate the predictive relevance of customer satisfaction, the PLS predict technique has been used. Also, importance performance map analysis (IPMA) has been applied to assess the important and performing dimensions of customer satisfaction.

The outcomes show that the adoption of InsurTech has a positive impact on customer satisfaction. Customer service management and policy management are among the strongest predictors of customer satisfaction, and the predictive relevance is reported to be moderate. IPMA results have suggested that improvements in online distribution of insurance services and customer service management lead to higher customer satisfaction.

The conceptual model can be tested with the moderating effect of different demographic factors (age, gender etc.), and future research can be done to analyze the mediating role of customer satisfaction between InsurTech adoption and customer loyalty.

The study offers valuable contributions to the marketing literature, shedding light on the influence of InsurTech adoption on customer satisfaction within the Indian life insurance sector. The research offers a practical approach that could help marketing professionals and policymakers comprehend the utilization of online insurance services, and this understanding can help industry experts to develop customer-oriented products and services.

This research is the first of its kind to test the association between InsurTech adoption and customer satisfaction in the life insurance sector in the Indian context. Research also provides novel insights for policymakers to enhance the satisfaction of customers towards using online insurance services in the near future in developing countries like India.

Background: Insurance was discovered many centuries before Christ (BC). In the second and third millennia BC, Chinese and Babylonian traders traded risks. Insurance is now the backbone of the economy, but penetration is low in developing countries. Big data, internet of things (IoT), and InsurTech have recently ushered in the fourth industrial revolution in insurance.

Objective: This study examines the Indian challenges and solutions of using Big Data Analytics (BDA).

methodology: A SLR was used to extract themes/variables related to challenges and solutions in adopting BDA in the Indian insurance sector. Google Scholar was searched for relevant literature using keywords. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to filter the studies.

Findings: This study identified several barriers to BDA adoption in the Indian insurance industry. Policymakers could use the suggestions to improve insurance service delivery.

Practical implication: Insurers can understand the challenges, and accordingly, they can adopt the proposed solution in this study to enhance the insurance penetration in India.

There is a growing awareness in today's organizations of the gap between existing digital technologies and those arising from digital innovation that contribute to reducing work exhaustion. However, no comprehensive framework has been proposed for the importance of adopting digital innovation in reducing work exhaustion. The purpose of this paper is to provide a holistic view by proposing a model for the importance of adopting digital innovation technologies and their role in reducing work exhaustion in Iraq as a developing country, and the model was proposed based on the theory of technology-organization-environment and diffusion of innovation.

To collect data, an electronic questionnaire was designed for a survey conducted on 183 Iraqi firms in the industrial sector. For data analysis, the structured equation model was used through the (AMOS. 26) program.

The results revealed the importance and significance of the study model in adopting the cloud of things (CoT) as one of the techniques of digital innovation in reducing work exhaustion.

The authors can conclude that the adoption of the CoT in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can have a positive impact on the performance of the employees. The adoption of the CoT may provide SME managers with an opportunity to effectively manage various roles and responsibilities. While there were many limitations that this study faced, the authors focused on one type of digital innovation dynamics, which is the CoT, as they must focus on other technologies.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first studies in Iraq as a developing country that explains how emerging digital innovation can be leveraged to create innovative digital products and services as a CoT technology and subsequently lead to the reduction of work exhaustion. It also fills the literature gaps related to adoption factors of digital innovation and their role in reducing work exhaustion.

Purpose: The scope of this research is to conduct a study on the perceived effectiveness of developments in InsurTech, by determining online use integration in the Maltese insurance market.

Methodology: To do this, the authors employed a self-administered questionnaire to which 471 participants responded on a 5-point Likert scale. We subjected the data collected from this questionnaire to statistical analysis, specifically, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multiple linear analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.

Results: EFA loaded best on five factors of insurance customers’ perceived effectiveness, which make up the effectiveness model (EM), namely ‘Factor 1 – Internal Process Enhancement’, ‘Factor 2 – Cost-Efficiencies’; ‘Factor 3 – Time-Sensitive Conditions’, ‘Factor 4 – The Contemporary Use of Artificial Intelligence and Marketing in Relation to Customer Service’ and ‘Factor 5 – Customer Relations and Application of InsurTech in Communication’. Moreover, multiple linear regression results show that the perceived effectiveness dimension – EM is statistically significantly related to online use in Malta.

Practical implications: Therefore, it can be argued that the Maltese insurance sector is well prepared to meet the obligations and requirements of the European Green Deal. Findings shed light on the preparedness of the Maltese insurance market to accept innovative green proposals to go online with processes.

This paper aims to present the case of an Italian SME in the domain of insurance and how it approached its own digital transformation. Together with the founders of the SME, the author investigated the digital trends the company should adopt and identified where to intervene in the value chain of the company with new technologies available in the market. The research was focused on the following three sub-domains: a strategy for adoption of innovative digital solutions to improve the everyday operations of the company, platform connecting the company with the customers and analysis of cyber insurance policies to include in the portfolio of the company.

For the part on strategy for adoption of innovative digital solutions, the author performed literature review; for the part in which the study ideates new solution to better connect the company with the customers, the author relied on design thinking, creative facilitation and prototyping; and for the part on cyber insurance policies to include the portfolio, the author relied on data available from other insurance companies the SME collaborates with.

This paper presented the analysis on how an insurance SME can embrace digital innovation (via internal innovation, buying from startups, partnering with startups or investing in startups), how an SME can do internal innovation and come up with a simple tool to bring closer the insurers and their customers and types of new cyber risk policies to include in the portfolio to respond to the growing demand for cyber risk insurance. This paper provides useful insights and lessons learned from companies of similar size in the domain of insurance and discusses future extensions of inquiry.

Big insurance companies and incumbent for their digitization efforts rely on the freshly created InsurTechs wave of companies. In this paper, the author analyzes what small- and medium-sized insurance enterprises can do in this respect and showcases the approach an Italian SME took in this direction.

Fintechs are expected to develop rapidly as technologies that help improve the efficiency of the traditional financial system, but an examination of fintech subbranches shows different behaviors. In some sub-branches, the transition has been accompanied by a higher speed and more success, but in some other sub-branches, the opposite has been observed. The difference in the development of fintech sub-branches and its reasons have been paid less attention. Therefore, this article aims to identify the factors affecting the transition.

The use of new technologies in financial services at the international level has led to the provision of fast, customized and economical services, and the fact that these services are welcomed by the users has created opportunities for fintech's transition. This qualitative research follows the socio-technical phenomenon of fintech transition through narrative research. For its formulation, the transition process of fintech sub-branches was analyzed based on the multi-level analytical framework and Geels et al.’s transition path theory.

Transition is a change from one socio-technical regime to another. The findings of the research showed that these changes are influenced by the following factors: provision of infrastructure, the support of industry incumbents from innovative financial services, policy-making, citizen's welcoming, improving the knowledge and expertise of actors, legal adjustments as well as provision of innovative services.

The fintech transition has a special nature because the speed of developments in fintech is high and there is a series of innovations that are continuously replaced by subsequent innovations. Existing models have often focused on the long-term transition of a technology. This article presents a new approach for the analysis of changes in the short term in such a way that, based on the position of the actors in favor of or against the technological changes and institutional changes of the transition, it has analyzed and identified the factors affecting the transition. By focusing on these factors, policymakers can direct the way of fintech transition and help accelerate and facilitate fintech transition.

Following the call for strengthening the third pillar of knowledge in entrepreneurship as well as work-applied management contexts constituted by pragmatic design principles, we present a case study on an insurtech for insurance firms specialized in smart contract insurance solutions such as flight delay or ski resort insurance.

Design science.

This not only serves as a pointer for how insurances may master their digital transformation while remaining competitive. But moreover, on the meta level, we find that the adoption of entrepreneurial design principles by the students, whose experiential project represents our case study, does not necessarily require continuous support or foundational knowledge to be delivered beforehand. However, for a deeper or more holistic assessment of the case sketched in their project, it makes sense to introduce them to newer developments such as the simple, practical framework of the Entrepreneur's Question Index.

Innovative teaching method on innovative topics.

This case study is intended to supplement postgraduate business learning with the facilitation of an academic practitioner. The case draws on a culmination of subjects, and the participants are encouraged to juxtapose the case information with their professional experiences; however, the primary focus of the case material will be centred on strategy, innovation, and entrepreneurship.

The primary audience for the teaching case is management education programmes including: Master of Business Administration (MBA), Postgraduate Diploma (PGDip), specialist Masters in Management, and certain Executive Education programmes.

This case is about protagonist Ndabenhle Junior Ngulube, the cofounder of an innovative technology-enabled insurance intermediary company called Pineapple. The company has identified an opportunity to resolve the inherent conflict of interest within the insurance industry, as well as the grudge association of non-life insurance purchases. While the competitive landscape of the sector is traditionally dominated by a few large incumbent market participants, Pineapple's digital distribution strategy is more effective at converting ‘clicks-to-clients’, at a fraction of the typical customer acquisition cost. The peer-to-peer business model also allows for superior risk-selection, greater affinity, and lower incidents of fraudulent claims. Ndabenhle and the team develop the company's customer acquisition strategy by drawing on technological trends, reputation drivers, and a concentrated social media approach that focusses on trust, access, product, and value. But, as 2020 begins, Ndabenhle faces choices about the means and methods of scaling the business operation. The case documents the first few years of Pineapple's operations, with a strong focus on business model innovation, distribution, scalability, and technological integration.

To analyse the role disruptive technologies play within sectoral business model innovation

To evaluate the industry-specific competitive business landscape and complexities of building and maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage within a niche market segment

To assess the strategic growth opportunities for an emerging market Insurtech disruptor

To critically appraise the entrepreneurial complexities faced by decision-makers when looking to challenge incumbent market leaders

Purpose: The goal of this study is to delve into the causes behind the Fintech sector’s rise in various areas and its prospects. Fintech is rapidly expanding because of government legislation, multiple schemes, consumer expectations, a cashless economy, digitisation, globalisation, innovation, and other drivers.

Need for the Study: Fintech firms are forming alliances with traditional financial organisations to stay afloat and compete. India is becoming a superpower regarding e-startups, especially unicorns. Many startups are undergoing initial public offerings (IPOs). Fintech is an emerging space in India, spreading its wings rapidly in every sector.

Methodology: This work is based on a literature review. It utilises secondary data from numerous research publications, magazines, newspapers, published reports, relevant websites, Forbes magazine articles, stories from The Economic Times, the RBI Portal, and information from StartupIndia, Assocham, and Pwc, among others, to develop a conceptual framework showing the growth drivers of Fintech.

Findings: The whole world has been affected severely due to COVID-19. Crisis always comes with some opportunity, and it is up to us how to turn the calamities into opportunities that further turn into innovation that has the power to lead the world. Fintech is that fruit that had been born normally but grew abnormally (tremendous growth) during the pandemic. Also, the roots are so deeper that they will flourish more and more. It has been found that the emergence of a cashless economy, ease of internet connectivity, etc., are the major factors that paved the way for growth for Fintech in India.

Practical Implications: This study contains the conceptual framework which can guide the stakeholders, policymakers, management teams, field experts, etc., in knowing about their area expertise and looking for improvement, if any.

Originality: There are many papers on the relationship between Fintech and financial inclusion, but this is the first study that builds the conceptual framework for the growth drivers of Fintech.

The purpose of this study is to define FinTech, differentiating it from financial technology and use the definition to develop an industry framework.

Using the existing literature on FinTech and incorporating these contributions into a traditional financial structure, characteristics are outlined and placed into a framework that describes the FinTech industry.

FinTech is a specific type of Financial Technology, defined as technology used to provide financial markets a financial product or financial service, characterized by sophisticated technology relative to existing technology in that market. Firms that primarily use FinTech are classified as FinTech firms. Using these definitions, the paper provides a structure for the FinTech industry, classifying each type of FinTech firm by FinTech characteristics.

Research that would inform the economic importance of FinTech would be served with an increased understanding of FinTech firms and the FinTech industry.

This paper contributes by defining FinTech and developing a comprehensive framework to describe the emerging FinTech industry.