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This paper aims to present an unconditionally energy-stable scheme for approximating the convective heat transfer equation.

The scheme stems from the generalized positive auxiliary variable (gPAV) idea and exploits a special treatment for the convection term. The original convection term is replaced by its linear approximation plus a correction term, which is under the control of an auxiliary variable. The scheme entails the computation of two temperature fields within each time step, and the linear algebraic system resulting from the discretization involves a coefficient matrix that is updated periodically. This auxiliary variable is given by a well-defined explicit formula that guarantees the positivity of its computed value.

Compared with the semi-implicit scheme and the gPAV-based scheme without the treatment on the convection term, the current scheme can provide an expanded accuracy range and achieve more accurate simulations at large (or fairly large) time step sizes. Extensive numerical experiments have been presented to demonstrate the accuracy and stability performance of the scheme developed herein.

This study shows the unconditional discrete energy stability property of the current scheme, irrespective of the time step sizes.

Given the high uncertainty in the quality perception of experiential products, manufacturers use signals to influence consumers’ decisions. In the movie industry, literature shows that performance of the main channel (e.g. cinema) strongly influences the performance of auxiliary channels (e.g. DVDs). The success of a movie in the home country is also to be resonated by its good performance in host countries. However, the cultural contingency of these success-breeds-success (SBS) effects has not been examined. This paper aims to test the influence of cultural values on the SBS effects across channels and countries.

Borrowing concepts from the signaling literature and analyzing DVD sales data from six international markets using a multilevel mixed-effects model, the study finds that culture plays a significant role to influence both SBS effects.

In countries with low power distance, short-term orientation and high indulgence, consumers who purchase from auxiliary channels are more likely to be influenced by the box office performance of movies. Meanwhile, cultural distance between the home and host nations significantly decreases the cross-national SBS effect.

The findings are likely to be generalized to online auxiliary channels of movies, but empirical testing is required to ensure that no major adaptation is required in the process. Future research can also extend the framework of this paper to include more countries into the analysis and investigate cultural variables beyond Hofstede’s dimensions.

This paper suggests that the SBS effects may vary across nations. When managers plan for the sequential distributions of experiential products, the cultural values of target markets should be considered to decrease the uncertainty in sales prediction.

This paper contributes to the existing literature by investigating the international auxiliary channels of movies and incorporating cultural values into the framework of sequential distributions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to test the links between the main and auxiliary channels from an international marketing perspective.

The purpose of this paper is to assesses whether supervisor justice is linked to COVID-19 negative and positive impacts directly and indirectly through the mechanisms of stress and resiliency among auxiliary police in China.

This study utilized survey data from more than 300 auxiliary police in a large Chinese provincial capital city in 2020. Structural equation modeling was conducted to analyze the direct and indirect relationships between supervisor justice and COIVD-19 impacts.

Results indicate that supervisor justice connects to COVID-19 negative impacts indirectly through stress. Supervisor justice is also indirectly related to positive impact through resiliency.

The findings' generalizability is limited due to using a nonrandom sample of officers. Officers' emotional states in the forms of stress and resiliency are important in mediating the association between supervisory justice and COVID-19 impacts.

The present study represents one of the first attempts to empirically investigate the occupational experiences of a vital group of frontline workers in Chinese policing. This study also generates evidence to support the importance of officers' emotional conditions in reducing negative COVID-19 impacts in an authoritarian country.

The authors aim to report empirical linkages between the US and Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) financial stress indices catalyzing catalyzing dependent economic policy initiatives (an extended version of Singh and Singh, 2017a).

Initially, the study develops financial stress indices for the respective BRIC financial markets. Later, it captures linkages among the said US-BRIC indices by using Johansen cointegration, vector autoregression/vector error correction models (VECM), generalized impulse response functions, Toda–Yamamoto Granger causality, variance decomposition analyses and bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model under constant conditional correlation framework, in general. Markov regime switching and efficient causality tests proposed by Hill (2007) are also used.

Overall, there are both short-run and long-run dynamic interactions observed between the US and Indian financial stress indices. For rest of the markets, only short-run interactions are found to be in existence. The time-varying co-movement coefficients report financial contagion impact of the US financial crisis on Russian and Indian financial systems only. Contrary to this, Brazilian and Chinese financial systems are largely exhibiting interdependence with the US financial system. Efficient causality tests report indirect impact of the Russian financial system on Brazilian via auxiliary Indian financial system.

The present study is the first of its kind capturing linkages among the US-BRIC financial stress indices by using diverse econometric models. The results support different market participants and policymakers in understanding effectiveness and implementation of economic policies while considering their cross-market interactions as well.

The purpose of this paper is to attest whether generalized trust variable is the best proxy for social capital in explaining the latter’s effect on economic growth in a panel setting. Via a specially formulated theoretical framework, the authors also test whether the growth-effect of social capital is direct or indirect, and if it is indirect, can property rights be the link between social capital and growth.

The authors begin with testing the robustness of generalized trust variable in explaining the effect of social capital on growth and property rights. The authors then propose a number of trust-alternative variables that are shown to contain an element of trust based on theoretical arguments drawn from previous studies, to proxy for social capital and re-estimate its effect on growth and property rights. In this study, the authors use panel estimation technique, hitherto has been limited in social capital studies, which are capable of reducing omitted variable bias and time-invariant heterogeneity compared to the commonly used cross-sectional estimation.

First, the authors find that generalized trust data obtained by the World Value Survey (WVS) are unable to yield sufficiently robust results in panel estimation due to missing observations problem. Using the proposed trust-alternative variables, the estimation results improve significantly and the authors are able to show that social capital is a deep determinant of growth and it is affecting growth via property rights channel. The findings also give supporting evidence to the primacy of informal rules and constraints as proposed by North (2005) over the political prominence theory by Acemoglu et al. (2005).

Generalized trust data obtained from the WVS, frequently used in majority of social capital studies to measure social capital, yield highly non-robust results in panel estimation due to missing observations problem. Future studies in social capital intending to use panel estimation therefore need to find trust-alternative variables to proxy for social capital, and this paper has proposed four such variables.

The use of panel estimation technique extends the evidence of social capital significance to economic growth and property rights, since the previous social capital studies rely heavily on cross-sectional estimation technique. Due to the availability of annual observations of the trust-alternative variables, this paper is able to find better results as compared to estimation using generalized trust data.

The purpose of this paper is to present efficient and stable generalized auxiliary differential equation finite difference time domain (G-ADE-FDTD) implementation of graphene dispersion.

A generalized dispersive model is used for describing the graphene’s intraband and interband conductivities in the terahertz and infrared frequencies. In addition, the von Neumann method combined with the Routh-Hurwitz criterion are used for studying the stability of the given implementation.

The presented G-ADE-FDTD implementation allows modeling graphene’s dispersion using the minimal number of additional auxiliary variables, which will reduce both the CPU time and memory storage requirements. In addition, the stability of the implementation retains the standard non-dispersive Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) constraint.

The given implementation is conveniently applicable for most commonly used dispersive models, such as Debye, Lorentz, complex-conjugate pole residue, etc.

The presented G-ADE-FDTD implementation not only unifies the implementation of both graphene’s intraband and interband conductivities, with the minimal computational requirements but also retains the standard non-dispersive CFL time step stability constraint.

Sampling units for the 2013 Methods-of-Payment survey were selected through an approximate stratified two-stage sampling design. To compensate for nonresponse and noncoverage and ensure consistency with external population counts, the observations are weighted through a raking procedure. We apply bootstrap resampling methods to estimate the variance, allowing for randomness from both the sampling design and raking procedure. We find that the variance is smaller when estimated through the bootstrap resampling method than through the naive linearization method, where the latter does not take into account the correlation between the variables used for weighting and the outcome variable of interest.

The present study aims at investigating mediating–moderating effect of job satisfaction between structural empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour.

The study was conducted using standardised questionnaires. Responses were gathered from 178 auxiliary nurse and midwives working in primary health care centres in Chirang and Kokrajhar districts of Assam. Census method of data collection was adopted. The mediating–moderating effect of job satisfaction was assessed using the structural equation modelling.

Structural equation modelling result shows that structural empowerment has significant and positive effect on job satisfaction (0.68) and organisational citizenship behaviour (0.37). Job satisfaction has significant and positive effect on organisational citizenship behaviour (0.39). Job satisfaction significantly mediates-moderates (0.23) between structural empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour.

Given the only female auxiliary nurse and midwives and comparatively small sample obtained in this study, no attempt should be made to generalise these findings to other nurses or organisations. All data were obtained through a self-report survey, presenting a possibility for common method bias.

Promoting structural empowerment may help medical officer (supervisor) to increase auxiliary nurse and midwives’ level of job satisfaction and promote organisational citizenship behaviour.

This is the first study conducted on the mediating–moderating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between structural empowerment and organisational citizenship behaviour among auxiliary nurse and midwives workings in rural and semi-urban areas in Assam (India).

This survey focuses on two families of nonlinear vector time series models, the family of vector threshold regression (VTR) models and that of vector smooth transition regression (VSTR) models. These two model classes contain incomplete models in the sense that strongly exogeneous variables are allowed in the equations. The emphasis is on stationary models, but the considerations also include nonstationary VTR and VSTR models with cointegrated variables. Model specification, estimation and evaluation is considered, and the use of the models illustrated by macroeconomic examples from the literature.