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Case study
Publication date: 6 December 2019

Eduardo Luis Montiel and Octavio Martinez

Revisar el CAPM como metodología para estimar el costo de los recursos propios en una inversión e ilustrar, mediante un ejemplo latinoamericano, los retos de aplicar el modelo…

Abstract

Learning outcomes

Revisar el CAPM como metodología para estimar el costo de los recursos propios en una inversión e ilustrar, mediante un ejemplo latinoamericano, los retos de aplicar el modelo fuera de Estados Unidos. Presentar diferentes alternativas para estimar el riesgo país con una discusión de sus pros y contras. Introducir complejidades adicionales en el estimado del costo de los recursos propios contrastando la perspectiva de un inversionista local no diversificado con el de una multinacional que opera en 39 países

Case overview/synopsis

El caso Hotel Business Inn se enfoca en la estimación del riesgo país para determinar el costo de los recursos propios en una inversión fuera de los Estados Unidos. La teoría financiera indica que este costo debería determinarse en base al riesgo no diversificable de la inversión y para obtener este estimado, los libros de texto recomiendan el CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model). Los estimados del CAPM, sin embargo, generalmente se basan en el mercado financiero de Estados Unidos. Para aplicar este modelo en otros países, el consenso es que se debe ajustar por el riesgo país de la inversión pero existe un debate sobre cómo hacer este ajuste. El caso presenta las alternativas más utilizadas e introduce complejidades adicionales en el entorno de un país latinoamericano.

Complexity academic level

El caso está diseñado para cursos de Finanzas Corporativas, Valoración o Finanzas Internacionales tanto para estudiantes de MBA como en programas de formación ejecutiva.

Supplementary materials

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 1: Contabilidad y Finanzas

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 15 February 2022

Angélica Tacuba

The article analyzes how oil price fluctuations are reflected in the management of Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) based on its balance sheet (BS) and particularly how oil price…

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Abstract

Purpose

The article analyzes how oil price fluctuations are reflected in the management of Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) based on its balance sheet (BS) and particularly how oil price fluctuations affect Pemex's corporate income.

Design/methodology/approach

The author uses a vector auto-regressive (VAR) model with seven variables for the period 1977–2019. The first variable is the oil price and the others belong to Pemex's BS: total income, sales revenue, operating costs, investment, payment of taxes, duties and contributions (TDC) and the payment of interest on debt.

Findings

The results show that in an environment of elevated fiscal burden that is of an excessive payment of tax by Pemex to the state, the price increases positively affected the income obtained from sales, but that surplus is used primarily to finance the fiscal expenses coming from the TDC, which is associated with the production and commercialization of hydrocarbons; physical and financial investment is disconnected from the evolution of price. Under a fiscal scheme that extracts, on average, 98.46% of Pemex's income, investment is not a priority.

Practical implications

The findings of the research have important implications for Mexico's energy policy because of affecting the long-term financial and productive sustainability of Pemex.

Originality/value

First, the study contributes to the literature on oil prices in Mexico by analyzing Pemex's fiscal burden from a corporate finance perspective, an area in which there are few rigorous studies. Second, the study contributes by providing quantitative support for the relationship between oil prices and BS variables through the VAR model.

Details

Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, vol. 27 no. 53
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2218-0648

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 5 March 2018

Enrique Ogliastri, Carlos Pombo and Elvira Salgado

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the anniversary issue marking 30 years of academic publication.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the anniversary issue marking 30 years of academic publication.

Design/methodology/approach

This anniversary issue contains 12 articles from 11 countries and 17 academic institutions which present literature reviews, meta-analyses, and novel studies. It also contains testimonials about the history of the journal from Enrique Ogliastri (Editor and/or Director between 1998 and 2018), Elvira Salgado (Editor between 2002 and 2013), and Carlos Pombo (Chief Editor, 2013 to the present).

Findings

The history of the journal may be divided into five stages: first, the foundation at the Universidad de Chile (1988-1998); second, the move to the Universidad de los Andes (Bogotá) and the preparation of a proposal to the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) for inclusion among the scientific journals of the world (1999-2004); third, a period of consolidation in Latin America (2004-2007); fourth, the acceptance of the journal in ISI and the development of an electronic platform with free access to the journal (2008-2013); and fifth, the entry of the Emerald group as editorial partner (2013-2018).

Originality/value

The 12 articles present literature reviews, meta-analyzes, and novel studies.

Propósito

El propósito de este editorial es presentar el tema del aniversario.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Se publican doce artículos provenientes de once países y 17 instituciones académicas. Se presentan los testimonios de Enrique Ogliastri (editor y/o director entre 1998 y 2018), Elvira Salgado (Editora entre 2002 y 2013), y Carlos Pombo (jefe editorial 2013-2018).

Hallazgos

Se publican doce artículos provenientes de once países y 17 instituciones académicas. Se presentan los testimonios de Enrique Ogliastri (editor y/o director entre 1998 y 2018), Elvira Salgado (Editora entre 2002 y 2013), y Carlos Pombo (jefe editorial 2013-2018). La historia de la revista de CLADEA se podría dividir en cinco etapas: la fundación en la Universidad de Chile (1988-1998); pasó a cargo de la Universidad de los Andes (Bogotá), un período de puesta a punto para presentar al Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) la solicitud de ser analizada e incluida entre las revistas científicas del mundo (1999-2004); el período de consolidación en América Latina (2004-2007); la aceptación en ISI y el desarrollo de una plataforma electrónica de acceso libre a la revista (2008-2013); y el ingreso del grupo Emerald como socio editorial (2013-2018).

Originalidad/valor

Los 12 artículos presentan revisiones de literatura, metanálisis y estudios novedosos

Article
Publication date: 3 August 2015

Enrique Ogliastri and Elvira Salgado

This issue is dedicated to the memory of Luis J. Sanz and this editorial is made up of three parts: an account of his work with the journal, words from the editor (2001-2013), and…

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Abstract

This issue is dedicated to the memory of Luis J. Sanz and this editorial is made up of three parts: an account of his work with the journal, words from the editor (2001-2013), and a brief CV which he had written shortly before his passing.

Resumen

Este número se dedica a la memoria de Luis J. Sanz y este editorial consta de tres partes. Un recuento de su trabajo con la revista, el recuerdo de la editora 2001-2013, y un breve CV que él mismo escribió poco antes de su muerte.

Details

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, vol. 28 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1012-8255

Article
Publication date: 24 July 2019

Sabina Scarpellini, Pilar Portillo-Tarragona and Luz Maria Marin-Vinuesa

The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of successful eco-innovation processes, using R&D intensity and green patents as metrics for eco-innovation measurement…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of successful eco-innovation processes, using R&D intensity and green patents as metrics for eco-innovation measurement and analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reports the results of a quantitative study based on a sample of 2,218 firms with proactive profiles in eco-innovation, 249 of which have green patents registered in Spain or in the European Union.

Findings

The results suggest positive relationships between the activity of eco-innovation of firms with both the innovation activity in firms and the R&D intensity. The findings also confirm the influence of implementing innovation in the financial performance of business.

Research limitations/implications

The results will be useful for future studies on the subject and for practitioners making decisions on investments in collaborative R&D and its protection through industrial property in the form of green patents. The main determinants of eco-innovation analysed in this paper can be directly translated into practices because they provide information on how to strengthen these determinants in environmental R&D investments and the registration of green patents.

Practical implications

The results will be useful for future studies on the subject and for practitioners making decisions on investments in collaborative R&D and its protection through industrial property in the form of green patents. The main determinants of eco-innovation analysed in this paper can be directly translated into practices because they provide information on how to strengthen these determinants in environmental R&D investments and the registration of green patents.

Originality/value

Despite the popularity and potential impact of the eco-innovation on economy or society, it has fallen short in terms of its potential to improve financial performance in firms. This paper argues that the level of eco-innovation activity explains some variability in financial performance. In fact, those firms that have greater levels of innovation increase their performance.

Propósito

Explorar los determinantes del éxito de los procesos de ecoinnovación, utilizando la intensidad de I + D y las patentes verdes como indicadores para la medición y el análisis de la ecoinnovación.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Se analizan y presentan los resultados de una investigación cuantitativa basada en una muestra de 2218 empresas con perfiles proactivos en ecoinnovación, de las cuales 249 tienen patentes verdes registradas en España o en la Unión Europea.

Resultados

Los resultados sugieren relaciones positivas entre la actividad de ecoinnovación de las empresas con su actividad de innovación y la intensidad de la I + D. Los resultados también confirman los efectos que la implementación de innovaciones tiene sobre el desempeño financiero de las empresas.

Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación (si corresponde)

La medición de la ecoinnovación es incluso más compleja que la medición de la innovación debido a sus aspectos ambientales intrínsecos. Se podría alcanzar una evaluación más profunda con un mayor número de variables y una muestra más grande.

Implicaciones prácticas (si corresponde)

Los resultados serán útiles para futuros estudios sobre el tema y para los profesionales que toman decisiones sobre inversiones en investigación y desarrollo en colaboración y su protección a través de la propiedad industrial en forma de patentes verdes. Los principales determinantes de la ecoinnovación analizados en este estudio pueden traducirse directamente a las prácticas, ya que proporcionan información sobre cómo fortalecer estos determinantes en las inversiones en I + D ambiental y el registro de patentes verdes.

Originalidad/valor

A pesar de la popularidad y el impacto potencial de la ecoinnovación en la economía o la sociedad, se ha quedado corto en cuanto a su potencial para mejorar el desempeño financiero de las empresas. Este estudio sostiene que el nivel de actividad de ecoinnovación explica cierta variabilidad en el desempeño financiero. De hecho, aquellas empresas que tienen mayores niveles de innovación aumentan su desempeño.

Details

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, vol. 32 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1012-8255

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 28 December 2022

Aby Grisly Huaman-Ñope, Arthur Giuseppe Serrato-Cherres, Maria Jeanett Ramos-Cavero and Franklin Cordova-Buiza

The study aimed to determine how reputational risk affects the stocks prices of companies listed on the Lima Stock Exchange.

Abstract

Purpose

The study aimed to determine how reputational risk affects the stocks prices of companies listed on the Lima Stock Exchange.

Design/methodology/approach

The study follows a documentary research with a quantitative approach. Companies from different sectors listed on the Lima Stock Exchange were taken as a sample.

Findings

The incidence between the reputational risk and the stock price of the companies listed on the stock market, as well as the impact on profitability indicators and income level were demonstrated. Additionally, it was determined that the cost of capital has a greater impact if the entity is financed from the issuance of bonds rather than by subsidiaries.

Originality/value

Companies that presented well-known events in Peru and those that caused damage to their corporate reputations were studied. Likewise, information from sources such as Monitor Empresarial de Reputación Corporativa, Peruvian Securities Market Regulator’s office and Lima Stock Exchange was documented in order to analyze the variations in financial indicators during the indicated events. Financial models such as CAPM and GORDON-SHAPIRO were also used.

Details

Managerial Finance, vol. 49 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 April 2022

Roby Arbe and José Manuel Feria-Domínguez

This paper evaluates how corruption scandals effects corporate reputational risk in main representatives Latin America listed companies. Efficient market hypothesis (EMH) on…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper evaluates how corruption scandals effects corporate reputational risk in main representatives Latin America listed companies. Efficient market hypothesis (EMH) on Standard and Poor’s index is also tried on.

Design/methodology/approach

First it is run a standard event study to evaluate the negative impact of such corruption episodes in terms of abnormal returns (ARs) and cumulative negative abnormal returns (CARs). Secondly, we use the operational loss derived from the corruption scandal divided by the stock's market capitalization (Loss Ratio) to estimate the reputational abnormal returns (RepARs) and its cumulative measure (RepCAR).

Findings

It is found that corporate reputation (CR) does not affect the stock market performance of the companies involved in the corruptions events, at least, in the very short term. The results show positives RepCARs due to still unknown losses of relative size of corruption after the announcement of the scandal, when the market shows greater sensitiveness.

Practical implications

The behavior of the market on corruption scandals on the Latin American can let explore other options to limit bribery, and the study of this with a perspective of EMH is the significance of this paper.

Social implications

Corruption become major problems in recent years in Latin American and its implications on the stakeholders.

Originality/value

Observing in the existing literature, there is no many studies based on the corruption scandals and market price using event methodology.

Propósito

Este trabajo evalúa cómo los escándalos de corrupción afectan el riesgo reputacional corporativa en las principales empresas representativas de América Latina que cotizan en bolsa y su efecto en la hipótesis del mercado eficiente (EMH) en el índice Standard & Poors.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Primero realizamos un estudio de eventos estándar para evaluar el impacto negativo de tales episodios de corrupción en términos de retornos anormales (AR) y retornos anormales negativos acumulativos (CAR). En segundo lugar, utilizamos la pérdida operativa derivada del escándalo de corrupción dividida por la capitalización bursátil (índice de pérdidas) para estimar los rendimientos anormales de reputación (RepAR) y su medida acumulativa (RepCAR).

Hallazgos

Los resultados muestran que la reputación corporativa (CR) no afecta el desempeño bursátil de las empresas involucradas en los hechos de corrupción, al menos, en el corto plazo. Los resultados muestran RepCARs positivos debido a pérdidas aún desconocidas de efecto relativo de corrupción luego del anuncio del escándalo por parte de los stakeholders.

Implicaciones prácticas

El comportamiento del mercado ante los escándalos de corrupción en América Latina nos debe permitir explorar otras opciones para penalizar sobornos, y el estudio de eventos con una perspectiva de EMH es parte de este trabajo.

Implicaciones sociales

La corrupción se ha convertido en uno de los principales problemas en los últimos años en América Latina y esto afecta a los stakeholders.

Originalidad/valor

Observando en la literatura existente, no se encuentra estudios basados ​​en los escandalos de corrupción y precio de mercado utilizando metodología de eventos.

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2001

Domenicantonio Fausto

Examines Attilio da Empoli’s contributions in the field of public finance. This scholar was endowed with particular scientific qualities which allowed him to give original…

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Abstract

Examines Attilio da Empoli’s contributions in the field of public finance. This scholar was endowed with particular scientific qualities which allowed him to give original contributions to the theory of public finance, in particular in the field of oblique and backward tax shifting. The other main topics of da Empoli’s critical reflection concern tax shifting in relation to cost conditions, the shifting of a general income tax and the methodological aspects of the joint analysis of the tax and expenditure sides.

Details

Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 28 no. 4/5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-3585

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 2006

Manuel Becerra and Juan Santaló

In this paper, we argue that the effect of diversification on performance is not homogeneous across industries, as previously assumed in the literature on diversification in…

Abstract

In this paper, we argue that the effect of diversification on performance is not homogeneous across industries, as previously assumed in the literature on diversification in strategy and finance. We provide empirical evidence that some industries are more friendly environments for diversified firms than for specialists, and vice versa. The implications of this qualification for the diversification‐performance relationship are investigated in this study. The results show that the number of specialists in an industry is an important moderator of the diversification‐performance relationship, and it determines the existence of a positive, negative, or curvilinear relationship. Diversification has a more negative impact on performance as the number of specialized firms in the industries in the sample increases. Although we find clear evidence of the curvilinear relationship between diversification and performance frequently found in strategy research, the relationship seems to be the result of not accounting for the relative dominance of diversifiers versus specialists in the industries in the sample.

Details

Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, vol. 4 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1536-5433

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 November 2023

Ricardo Vinícius Dias Jordão and Davidson Junio Costa

This paper aims to analyze the economic-financial performance (EFP) and value creation (VC) in the Brazilian construction industry.

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the economic-financial performance (EFP) and value creation (VC) in the Brazilian construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the theories of strategy and finance, a quantitative-qualitative, descriptive and explanatory and applied study was carried out, contrasting the performance of the Direcional company and the civil construction industry – both listed on the Brazilian Stock Exchange and the Over-the-Counter Market (B3)

Findings

The analysis of the EFP in the Brazilian construction industry shows that EZTEC, Helbor, Trisul and Direcional were the companies with the best EFP in the period. The analysis of the Economic Value Added (EVA®, henceforth EVA), as a VC metric and basis for assessing the relative technical efficiency score by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA®, henceforth DEA), revealed that the companies Direcional, EZTEC, MRV and CR2 were considered efficient throughout the period covered. The multicriteria methodology for empirical testing of the EFP and VC allowed not only contrasts Direcional's results with the other companies of the construction industry but also offered a complementary tool for comparative analysis of enterprises of different sizes, structures and realities.

Research limitations/implications

Regardless of any contextual limitations, from a theoretical point of view, the research not only helps fill the research gap aforementioned but also expands knowledge on the topic and demonstrates how this multi-criteria methodology (integrating DEA and EVA) can be used to assess EFP and VC in addition to traditional tools. However, this new approach evaluates, at the same time, corporate and sectorial effectiveness by contrasting the efficiency and efficacy (simultaneously) in the generation of performance and value of a company in relation to the industry.

Practical implications

Significant implications for managerial practice could be noted by offering a tool to improve company performance and creating a competitive benchmarking process for analysts, investors, managers, financing agencies, shareholders, policymakers and business owners, as well as organizations and sectors in similar situations – who need to assess the EFP and VC holistically and improve their decision-making processes.

Originality/value

The uniqueness and innovation of this research come from the original multi-criteria methodology developed, applied and validated for analysis of EFP and VC. This methodology was operationalized through DEA applied to the companies' EVA, making it possible to compare corporate results and those of the whole industry in a balanced way – an unexplored issue in the literature, especially in emerging economies, opening several avenues for future research.

Objetivo

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el desempeño económico-financiero (DEF) y la creación de valor (CV) en la industria de la construcción brasileña.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Con base en las teorías de estrategia y finanzas, se realizó un estudio cuanti-cualitativo, descriptivo, explicativo y aplicado, contrastando el desempeño de la empresa Direcional y de la industria de la construcción civil, ambas cotizadas en la Bolsa y Mercado Extrabursátil Brasileña (B3).

Hallazgos

El análisis de la DEF en la industria de la construcción brasileña muestra que EZTEC, Helbor, Trisul y la Direcional fueron las empresas con el mejor desempeño en el período. El análisis del Valor Económico Agregado (en adelante EVA), como métrica de CV y base para evaluar el puntaje de eficiencia técnica relativa mediante Análisis Envolvente de Datos (en adelante DEA), reveló que las empresas Direcional, EZTEC, MRV y la CR2 se consideraron eficientes durante todo el período cubierto. La metodología multicriterio para pruebas empíricas de la DEF y CV permitió no sólo contrastar los resultados de la Direcional con los de otras empresas del sector de la construcción, sino que también ofreció una herramienta complementaria para el análisis comparativo de empresas de diferentes tamaños, estructuras y realidades.

Originalidad y valor

La singularidad y la innovación de esta investigación provienen de la metodología original multicriterio desarrollada, aplicada y validada para el análisis de DEF y CV. Esta metodología fue operacionalizada a través de DEA aplicado al EVA de las empresas, permitiendo comparar los resultados corporativos y los de toda la industria de manera equilibrada – un tema inexplorado en la literatura, especialmente en las economías emergentes, abriendo varias vías para futuras investigaciones.

Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación

Independientemente de las limitaciones contextuales, desde un punto de vista teórico, la investigación no solo ayuda a llenar el vacío mencionado anteriormente, sino que también amplía el conocimiento sobre el tema y demuestra cómo esta metodología multicriterio (integrando DEA y EVA) puede utilizarse para evaluar el DEF y CV además de las herramientas tradicionales. Sin embargo, este nuevo enfoque evalúa, al mismo tiempo, la efectividad corporativa y sectorial contrastando la eficiencia y eficacia (simultáneamente) en la generación de desempeño y valor de una empresa en relación con la industria.

Implicaciones prácticas/de gestión

Se podrían observar implicaciones significativas para la práctica gerencial al ofrecer una herramienta para mejorar el desempeño de la empresa y crear un proceso de evaluación comparativa competitivo para analistas, inversionistas, gerentes, agencias financieras, accionistas, formuladores de políticas y propietarios de negocios, así como organizaciones y sectores en situaciones similares, que necesitan evaluar el DEF y el CV de manera integral y mejorar sus procesos de toma de decisiones.

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