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1 – 10 of 485Paul Handgruber, Simon Schernthanner, Oszkár Bíró, Andrej Stermecki and Georg Ofner
The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of inverter supply on the iron loss characteristics of slip-ring induction machines. Pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage supply…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of inverter supply on the iron loss characteristics of slip-ring induction machines. Pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage supply on the stator side, as well as a doubly fed operation mode with rotor-sided inverter, are investigated.
Design/methodology/approach
An inverter fed machine model is coupled to previously developed eddy current and hysteresis loss models. The eddy current model is based on a finite element method and considers the three-dimensional (3D) eddy current distribution in the steel sheets. The hysteresis losses are computed by a static Preisach vector model.
Findings
It is found that under stator-sided inverter supply the eddy current losses do significantly increase when compared to sinusoidal feeding, contributing to a total loss increase of 10-15 percent. In doubly fed operation, the additional losses are generally lower owing to the winding topology of the studied machine.
Research limitations/implications
The analyses presented are restricted to single PWM pattern only. The influences of different PWM parameters remain to be investigated in future.
Practical implications
Regarding practical applications, the reduced additional losses in doubly fed configurations can be considered as a further advantage when competing against other topologies available.
Originality/value
The 3D eddy current model is applied for the first time to quantify the effects of inverter supply. Furthermore, the presented studies on the iron losses in doubly fed operation are original and of practical value for designers and researches.
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Grzegorz Iwanski, Piotr Pura, Tomasz Łuszczyk and Mateusz Szypulski
Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is widely used in wind energy conversion systems and it can operate with other primary movers. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the…
Abstract
Purpose
Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is widely used in wind energy conversion systems and it can operate with other primary movers. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the standalone operation of DFIG which may expand the area of possible applications and increase capabilities of the generation system in terms of power quality.
Design/methodology/approach
Synthesis of the control method was preceded by analysis of mathematical model of the machine. The control method based on the negative sequence and high harmonics extraction has been developed and verified in the laboratory unit. Control of the fundamental frequency component uses neither rotor speed nor position sensors.
Findings
The original method allows to compensate negative sequence and high harmonics of the generated voltage. At the same time, due to the active filtering capability of the grid side converter, the stator phase current shape is close to sine wave. Thus, it is seen by the machine as a linear load, what eliminates the electromagnetic torque ripples.
Practical implications
The system and control method can be applied in variable speed generation systems, e.g. wind turbines or diesel engines operating in the standalone mode.
Originality/value
Although the selective compensation of negative sequence and harmonics are known in the literature, until now the methods have been verified for the system with a rotor position sensor. Moreover, the stator current feed-forward improving the transient properties, as well as results of transient states caused by the load step change, have not been proposed in publications.
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Z.Q. Zhu and Jiabing Hu
Wind energy has matured to a level of development at which it is ready to become a generally accepted power generation technology. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief…
Abstract
Purpose
Wind energy has matured to a level of development at which it is ready to become a generally accepted power generation technology. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief review of the state of the art in the area of electrical machines and power‐electronic systems for high‐power wind energy generation applications. As the first part of this paper, latest market penetration, current technology and advanced electrical machines are addressed.
Design/methodology/approach
After a short description of the latest market penetration of wind turbines with various topologies globally by the end of 2010 is provided, current wind power technology, including a variety of fixed‐ and variable‐speed (in particular with doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) supplied with partial‐ and full‐power converters, respectively) wind power generation systems, and modern grid codes, is presented. Finally, four advanced electrical‐machine systems, viz., brushless DFIG, open winding PMSG, dual/multi 3‐phase stator‐winding PMSG and magnetic‐gear outer‐rotor PMSG, are identified with their respective merits and challenges for future high‐power wind energy applications.
Findings
For the time being, the gear‐drive DFIG‐based wind turbine is significantly dominating the markets despite its defect caused by mechanical gears, slip rings and brush sets. Meanwhile, direct‐drive synchronous generator, especially utilizing permanent magnets on its rotor, supplied with a full‐capacity power converter has become a more effective solution, particularly in high‐power offshore wind farm applications.
Originality/value
This first part of the paper reviews the latest market penetration of wind turbines with a variety of mature topologies, by summarizing their advantages and disadvantages. Four advanced electrical‐machine systems are selected and identified by distinguishing their respective merits and challenges for future high‐power wind energy applications.
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Roland Ryndzionek, Michal Michna, Filip Kutt, Grzegorz Kostro and Krzysztof Blecharz
The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the performance of a new five-phase doubly fed induction generator (DFIG).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the performance of a new five-phase doubly fed induction generator (DFIG).
Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents the results of a research work related to five-phase DFIG framing, including the development of an analytical model, FEM analysis as well as the results of laboratory tests of the prototype. The proposed behavioral level analytical model is based on the winding function approach. The developed DFIG model was used at the design stage to simulate the generator’s no-load and load state. Then, the results of the FEM analysis were shown and compared with the results of laboratory tests of selected DFIG operating states.
Findings
The paper provides the results of analytical and FEM simulation and measurement tests of the new five-phase dual-feed induction generator. The use of the MATLAB Simscape modeling language allows for easy and quick implementation of the model. Design assumptions and analytical model-based analysis have been verified using FEM analysis and measurements performed on the prototype. The results of the presented research validate the design process as well as show the five-phase winding design advantage over the three-phase solution regarding the control winding power quality.
Research limitations/implications
The main disadvantage of the winding function approach-based model development is the simplification regarding omitting the tangential airgap flux density component. However, this fault only applies to large airgap machines and is insignificant in induction machines. The results of the DFIG analyses were limited to the basic operating states of the generator, i.e. the no-load state, the inductive and resistive load.
Practical implications
The novel DFIG with five phase rotor control winding can operate as a regular three-phase machine in an electric power generation system and allows for improved control winding power quality of the proposed electrical energy generation system. This increase in power quality is due to the rotor control windings inverter-based PWM supply voltage, which operates with a wider per-phase supply voltage range than a three-phase system. This phenomenon was quantified using control winding current harmonic analysis.
Originality/value
The paper provides the results of analytical and FEM simulation and measurement tests of the new five-phase dual-feed induction generator.
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Faïçal Jallali, Afef Bouchhima and Ahmed Masmoudi
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the steady‐state stability and features of the brushless cascaded doubly fed machine (BCDFM), which is made up of two wound‐rotor…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the steady‐state stability and features of the brushless cascaded doubly fed machine (BCDFM), which is made up of two wound‐rotor induction machines: the power machine (PM) and the control one, with their rotors mechanically and electrically coupled.
Design/methodology/approach
The machine modelling is first treated considering a Park reference frame linked to the rotating field of the PM. Then, a state representation related to small perturbations is established following the linearisation of the BCDFM model around a steady‐state operating point. This allows the investigation of BCDFM steady‐state stability, power flow and the torque‐speed characteristics.
Findings
It has been found that the electrical variables of the control machine greatly affect the BCDFM steady‐state stability and characteristics.
Research limitations/implications
The work should be extended considering a validation of the established results through experimental tests.
Originality/value
The steady‐state small perturbation of the BCDFM model has been introduced for the first time, which is the key of the machine steady‐stability analysis and features investigation.
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Faïçal Jallali and Ahmed Masmoudi
The paper seeks to investigate the effect of the rotor‐phase sequence connection on the steady‐state stability of the brushless cascaded doubly‐fed machine (BCDFM). The stability…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper seeks to investigate the effect of the rotor‐phase sequence connection on the steady‐state stability of the brushless cascaded doubly‐fed machine (BCDFM). The stability analysis is carried out considering the eigenvalue method.
Design/methodology/approach
The BCDFM includes a two wound‐rotor induction machines: a power machine cascaded to a control one. The BCDFM modeling is firstly treated considering a Park reference frame linked to the rotating field of the power machine, and for both rotor‐phase sequence connections. Then, a state representation related to small perturbations is established following the linearisation of the BCDFM model around a steady‐state operating point. This allows the investigation of the BCDFM steady‐state stability and efficiency.
Findings
It has been found that the electrical variables of the control machine power supply greatly affect the BCDFM steady‐state stability and efficiency.
Research limitations/implications
The work should be extended considering a validation of the established results through experimental tests.
Originality/value
The small perturbation model of the BCDFM has been introduced for the first time which is the key of the machine steady‐state stability analysis and efficiency investigation.
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José Antonio Barrado Rodrigo, Xavier Munté Puig, Hugo Valderrama Blavi and Luis Guasch Pesquer
The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a prototype of the dual stator‐winding induction generator (DWIG) and its dynamic model to verify the validity of this machine…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a prototype of the dual stator‐winding induction generator (DWIG) and its dynamic model to verify the validity of this machine design as variable speed generator for renewable energy systems.
Design/methodology/approach
Implementation and laboratory test of a DWIG prototype. Analysis and simulation of the developed DWIG model.
Findings
The proposed DWIG makes a better use of energy than a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) in variable speed applications. The performance of DWIG with a bidirectional converter is very similar to those described in other studies with brushless doubly‐fed induction generators.
Research limitations/implications
The results can be used to test different control techniques and to analyse the dynamic performance of DWIG‐converter system in variable load and speed conditions.
Originality/value
The stator winding design does not involve a significant increase in the complexity of the machine assembly and cost of this induction machine.
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Mahmoud M. Elkholy and Fathi Abd-Elkader
This paper aims to present an optimal variable speed drive of a doubly fed induction motor (DFIM) with minimum losses and reduced inverter capacity. The operation with minimum…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present an optimal variable speed drive of a doubly fed induction motor (DFIM) with minimum losses and reduced inverter capacity. The operation with minimum losses ensures that the DFIM develops the required load torque at desired speed with maximum energy saving. Moreover, the control of rotor voltage ensures the reduced inverter capacity. The water cycle algorithm (WCA) as one of meta-heuristic optimization techniques is used to estimate the optimal rotor voltages to drive the DFIM with minimum losses. The results of WCA are confirmed with other well-known and reliable optimization method such as particle swarm optimization along with classical method.
Design/methodology/approach
The DFIM is an efficient alternative solution of synchronous motor (SM) because of its speed is synchronized with both stator and rotor frequencies regardless the load torque. As a result, the speed of variable speed drive associated with DFIM can be controlled through a rotor inverter with reduced capacity rather than SM. The output voltage of rotor inverter is controlled to develop the demanded output power with minimum motor losses.
Findings
A complete DFIM drive model is developed under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment using d-q dynamic model to verify the strength and significance of the proposed controller. An experimental setup using a 300 W three-phase wound rotor induction motor is established to validate the mathematical models and theoretical results. The motor performances with proposed rotor voltage control (minimum losses) are compared with conventional method of constant voltage to frequency ratio (V/f constant). It is found that the proposed WCA based on controller achieves significant reductions in motor losses, input power and rotor inverter power.
Originality/value
The paper presents an efficient method to maximize the energy saving of DFIM with a reduced inverter capacity using WCA.
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Grzegorz Iwanski and Gonzalo Abad
Doubly fed induction generator DFIG applied in over 50 percent of modern variable speed wind power systems and interesting also for adjustable speed diesel generation sets or…
Abstract
Purpose
Doubly fed induction generator DFIG applied in over 50 percent of modern variable speed wind power systems and interesting also for adjustable speed diesel generation sets or multi‐megawatt water turbines is troublesome in the mean of maintenance of slip‐rings and brushes. Especially, it concerns isolated power systems and offshore wind turbines. Application of brushless DFIG in such cases eliminates the mentioned problem. Constructions of the machine and consequently the model and mathematical description is more complicated than classical slip‐ring DFIG, therefore it is still developed in several scientific institutions to obtain adequate performance. The following work is dedicated to mathematical description, modelling and implementation of the control method for autonomous operation in the laboratory model of brushless DFIG.
Design/methodology/approach
Analysis and simulation of the machine model and laboratory tests on a small scale prototype of brushless DFIG.
Findings
It has been proven that sensorless direct voltage control of DFIG can be applied for both slip‐ring and brushless machines, as it does not require machine parameters.
Research limitations/implications
Brushless DFIG development is far from the performance needed by industrial implementation. Lower efficiency and higher reactive power needed by the machine, in comparison to classical DFIG of the same power range, result from double air gap seen by magnetic flux. However, the constructions of prototype machines are better and better, and their capabilities become closer to DFIG.
Practical implications
Variable and adjustable speed generation systems such as wind turbines, diesel generation sets, water turbines.
Originality/value
Standalone power systems with DFIG described in several papers require quite complicated control methods based on the mathematical equations of the machine model. Thus, these methods have to be significantly modified for the brushless version of this machine type, due to the fact of a much more complicated model. The proposed sensorless method of the output voltage control requires only redesign (tuning) of the PI controllers responsible for control of the rotor current, stator voltage amplitude and frequency.
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Sinisa Djurovic and Steve Williamson
The purpose of this paper is to describe the principles of a coupled‐circuit model for a doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) and to present evidence of the validity of this…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the principles of a coupled‐circuit model for a doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) and to present evidence of the validity of this versatile and powerful technique and the advantages it offers when used for modeling and analysis of DFIG operation in unbalanced conditions. This paper also investigates the winding fault induced changes in the machine stator steady‐state current spectrum with a view to DFIG condition monitoring.
Design/methodology/approach
The presented model is based on the summation of harmonic winding inductances. It comprises of a set of standard induction machine electromechanical equations where a connection matrix that defines a particular balanced/unbalanced winding configuration of interest is conveniently incorporated in the expressions. This model is therefore capable of representing both open‐ and short‐circuit stator and rotor winding faults while also taking into account higher order air‐gap field harmonics. Model predictions are verified in this work through comparison with corresponding experimental data obtained from a purpose built 30 kW DFIG laboratory test rig. The paper involves a number of healthy and faulty operating scenarios.
Findings
Advantages and validity of the employed model are illustrated in time and frequency domain for different steady‐state balanced/unbalanced winding DFIG operating conditions. It is also shown in both predicted and measured data that the considered winding asymmetries give rise to additional harmonic components in the stator current spectrum.
Research limitations/implications
The importance of considering higher order air‐gap field harmonics when modeling induction machine behavior is outlined in this work.
Practical implications
This paper identifies changes in the DFIG stator current harmonic content spectra that are winding fault induced. These may have the potential to constitute reliable fault indicators.
Originality/value
The paper discusses a harmonic conductor distribution‐based modeling method aimed predominantly at frequency domain analysis of DFIG electrical quantities. It is shown that DFIG stator current spectrum is rich in higher order harmonic components and that manner in which these are manifested is heavily influenced by the presence of winding unbalance.
Details