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Open Access
Article
Publication date: 23 May 2023

Roland Ryndzionek, Michal Michna, Filip Kutt, Grzegorz Kostro and Krzysztof Blecharz

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the performance of a new five-phase doubly fed induction generator (DFIG).

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the performance of a new five-phase doubly fed induction generator (DFIG).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents the results of a research work related to five-phase DFIG framing, including the development of an analytical model, FEM analysis as well as the results of laboratory tests of the prototype. The proposed behavioral level analytical model is based on the winding function approach. The developed DFIG model was used at the design stage to simulate the generator’s no-load and load state. Then, the results of the FEM analysis were shown and compared with the results of laboratory tests of selected DFIG operating states.

Findings

The paper provides the results of analytical and FEM simulation and measurement tests of the new five-phase dual-feed induction generator. The use of the MATLAB Simscape modeling language allows for easy and quick implementation of the model. Design assumptions and analytical model-based analysis have been verified using FEM analysis and measurements performed on the prototype. The results of the presented research validate the design process as well as show the five-phase winding design advantage over the three-phase solution regarding the control winding power quality.

Research limitations/implications

The main disadvantage of the winding function approach-based model development is the simplification regarding omitting the tangential airgap flux density component. However, this fault only applies to large airgap machines and is insignificant in induction machines. The results of the DFIG analyses were limited to the basic operating states of the generator, i.e. the no-load state, the inductive and resistive load.

Practical implications

The novel DFIG with five phase rotor control winding can operate as a regular three-phase machine in an electric power generation system and allows for improved control winding power quality of the proposed electrical energy generation system. This increase in power quality is due to the rotor control windings inverter-based PWM supply voltage, which operates with a wider per-phase supply voltage range than a three-phase system. This phenomenon was quantified using control winding current harmonic analysis.

Originality/value

The paper provides the results of analytical and FEM simulation and measurement tests of the new five-phase dual-feed induction generator.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering , vol. 42 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 December 2020

Sayyed Ali Akbar Shahriari

This paper aims to propose an 18th-order nonlinear model for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines. Based on the proposed model, which is more complete than the…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to propose an 18th-order nonlinear model for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines. Based on the proposed model, which is more complete than the models previously developed, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to estimate the DFIG state variables.

Design/methodology/approach

State estimation is a popular approach in power system control and monitoring because of minimizing measurement noise level and obtaining non-measured state variables. To estimate all state variables of DFIG wind turbine, it is necessary to develop a model that considers all state variables. So, an 18th-order nonlinear model is proposed for DFIG wind turbines. EKF is used to estimate the DFIG state variables based on the proposed model.

Findings

An 18th-order nonlinear model is proposed for DFIG wind turbines. Furthermore, based on the proposed model, its state variables are estimated. Simulation studies are done in four cases to verify the ability of the proposed model in the estimation of state variables under noisy, wind speed variation and fault condition. The results demonstrate priority of the proposed model in the estimation of DFIG state variables.

Originality/value

Evaluating DFIG model to estimate its state variables precisely.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering , vol. 39 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2013

Z.Q. Zhu and Jiabing Hu

Wind energy has matured to a level of development at which it is ready to become a generally accepted power generation technology. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief…

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Abstract

Purpose

Wind energy has matured to a level of development at which it is ready to become a generally accepted power generation technology. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief review of the state of the art in the area of electrical machines and power‐electronic systems for high‐power wind energy generation applications. As the first part of this paper, latest market penetration, current technology and advanced electrical machines are addressed.

Design/methodology/approach

After a short description of the latest market penetration of wind turbines with various topologies globally by the end of 2010 is provided, current wind power technology, including a variety of fixed‐ and variable‐speed (in particular with doublyfed induction generator (DFIG) and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) supplied with partial‐ and full‐power converters, respectively) wind power generation systems, and modern grid codes, is presented. Finally, four advanced electrical‐machine systems, viz., brushless DFIG, open winding PMSG, dual/multi 3‐phase stator‐winding PMSG and magnetic‐gear outer‐rotor PMSG, are identified with their respective merits and challenges for future high‐power wind energy applications.

Findings

For the time being, the gear‐drive DFIG‐based wind turbine is significantly dominating the markets despite its defect caused by mechanical gears, slip rings and brush sets. Meanwhile, direct‐drive synchronous generator, especially utilizing permanent magnets on its rotor, supplied with a full‐capacity power converter has become a more effective solution, particularly in high‐power offshore wind farm applications.

Originality/value

This first part of the paper reviews the latest market penetration of wind turbines with a variety of mature topologies, by summarizing their advantages and disadvantages. Four advanced electrical‐machine systems are selected and identified by distinguishing their respective merits and challenges for future high‐power wind energy applications.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 32 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 September 2018

Yuvaraja T. and K. Ramya

According to bidirectional ability, wind application are having variable acceleration which connected large quantity of wind ability bearing system with doubly-fed induction

Abstract

Purpose

According to bidirectional ability, wind application are having variable acceleration which connected large quantity of wind ability bearing system with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) fed by the two-stage cast converter (TSMC) system, the accentuation action for TSMC and arithmetic standard for DFIG are all deduced. The purpose of this study is for, stator accelerated action in Doubly fed induction generator and controlled by the Two Stage Cast Converter for better control.

Design/methodology/approach

The purpose of this study is for, stator accelerated action in Doubly fed induction generator and controlled by the Two Stage Cast Converter for better control.

Findings

Then, the beginning ancestor was set up to verify this system; the allotment of the filigree beginning after-effects are offered beneath no-load and the three plan states.

Originality/value

These after-effects apparent by the fact that the arrangement fed by TSMC-DFIG could apprehend the safe ability bearing accumulated to the filigree in the sub-synchronous, synchronisation and super-synchronous state; meanwhile generated sinusoidal describes the displacement factor.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 37 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 August 2014

Grzegorz Iwanski, Piotr Pura, Tomasz Łuszczyk and Mateusz Szypulski

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is widely used in wind energy conversion systems and it can operate with other primary movers. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the…

Abstract

Purpose

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is widely used in wind energy conversion systems and it can operate with other primary movers. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the standalone operation of DFIG which may expand the area of possible applications and increase capabilities of the generation system in terms of power quality.

Design/methodology/approach

Synthesis of the control method was preceded by analysis of mathematical model of the machine. The control method based on the negative sequence and high harmonics extraction has been developed and verified in the laboratory unit. Control of the fundamental frequency component uses neither rotor speed nor position sensors.

Findings

The original method allows to compensate negative sequence and high harmonics of the generated voltage. At the same time, due to the active filtering capability of the grid side converter, the stator phase current shape is close to sine wave. Thus, it is seen by the machine as a linear load, what eliminates the electromagnetic torque ripples.

Practical implications

The system and control method can be applied in variable speed generation systems, e.g. wind turbines or diesel engines operating in the standalone mode.

Originality/value

Although the selective compensation of negative sequence and harmonics are known in the literature, until now the methods have been verified for the system with a rotor position sensor. Moreover, the stator current feed-forward improving the transient properties, as well as results of transient states caused by the load step change, have not been proposed in publications.

Details

COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 33 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 14 September 2010

Sinisa Djurovic and Steve Williamson

The purpose of this paper is to describe the principles of a coupled‐circuit model for a doublyfed induction generator (DFIG) and to present evidence of the validity of this…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the principles of a coupled‐circuit model for a doublyfed induction generator (DFIG) and to present evidence of the validity of this versatile and powerful technique and the advantages it offers when used for modeling and analysis of DFIG operation in unbalanced conditions. This paper also investigates the winding fault induced changes in the machine stator steady‐state current spectrum with a view to DFIG condition monitoring.

Design/methodology/approach

The presented model is based on the summation of harmonic winding inductances. It comprises of a set of standard induction machine electromechanical equations where a connection matrix that defines a particular balanced/unbalanced winding configuration of interest is conveniently incorporated in the expressions. This model is therefore capable of representing both open‐ and short‐circuit stator and rotor winding faults while also taking into account higher order air‐gap field harmonics. Model predictions are verified in this work through comparison with corresponding experimental data obtained from a purpose built 30 kW DFIG laboratory test rig. The paper involves a number of healthy and faulty operating scenarios.

Findings

Advantages and validity of the employed model are illustrated in time and frequency domain for different steady‐state balanced/unbalanced winding DFIG operating conditions. It is also shown in both predicted and measured data that the considered winding asymmetries give rise to additional harmonic components in the stator current spectrum.

Research limitations/implications

The importance of considering higher order air‐gap field harmonics when modeling induction machine behavior is outlined in this work.

Practical implications

This paper identifies changes in the DFIG stator current harmonic content spectra that are winding fault induced. These may have the potential to constitute reliable fault indicators.

Originality/value

The paper discusses a harmonic conductor distribution‐based modeling method aimed predominantly at frequency domain analysis of DFIG electrical quantities. It is shown that DFIG stator current spectrum is rich in higher order harmonic components and that manner in which these are manifested is heavily influenced by the presence of winding unbalance.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 29 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 July 2020

Charanjeet Madan and Naresh Kumar

By means of the massive environmental and financial reimbursements, wind turbine (WT) has turned out to be a satisfactory substitute for the production of electricity by nuclear…

Abstract

Purpose

By means of the massive environmental and financial reimbursements, wind turbine (WT) has turned out to be a satisfactory substitute for the production of electricity by nuclear or fossil power plants. Numerous research studies are nowadays concerning the scheme to develop the performance of the WT into a doubly fed induction generator-low voltage ride-through (DFIG-LVRT) system, with utmost gain and flexibility. To overcome the nonlinear characteristics of WT, a photovoltaic (PV) array is included along with the WT to enhance the system’s performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper intends to simulate the control system (CS) for the DFIG-LVRT system with PV array operated by the MPPT algorithm and the WT that plays a major role in the simulation of controllers to rectify the error signals. This paper implements a novel method called self-adaptive whale with fuzzified error (SWFE) design to simulate the optimized CS. In addition, it distinguishes the SWFE-based LVRT system with standard LVRT system and the system with minimum and maximum constant gain.

Findings

Through the performance analysis, the value of gain with respect to the number of iterations, it was noted that at 20th iteration, the implemented method was 45.23% better than genetic algorithm (GA), 50% better than particle swarm optimization (PSO), 2.3% better than ant bee colony (ABC) and 28.5% better than gray wolf optimization (GWO) techniques. The investigational analysis has authenticated that the implemented SWFE-dependent CS was effectual for DFIG-LVRT, when distinguished with the aforementioned techniques.

Originality/value

This paper presents a technique for simulating the CS for DFIG-LVRT system using the SWFE algorithm. This is the first work that utilizes SWFE-based optimization for simulating the CS for the DFIG-LVRT system with PV array and WT.

Details

Data Technologies and Applications, vol. 54 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2013

Z.Q. Zhu and Jiabing Hu

Power‐electronic systems have been playing a significant role in the integration of large‐scale wind turbines into power systems due to the fact that during the past three decades…

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Abstract

Purpose

Power‐electronic systems have been playing a significant role in the integration of large‐scale wind turbines into power systems due to the fact that during the past three decades power‐electronic technology has experienced a dramatic evolution. This second part of the paper aims to focus on a comprehensive survey of power converters and their associated control systems for high‐power wind energy generation applications.

Design/methodology/approach

Advanced control strategies, i.e. field‐oriented vector control and direct power control, are initially reviewed for wind‐turbine driven doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) systems. Various topologies of power converters, comprising back‐to‐back (BTB) connected two‐ and multi‐level voltage source converters (VSCs), BTB current source converters (CSCs) and matrix converters, are identified for high‐power wind‐turbine driven PMSG systems, with their respective features and challenges outlined. Finally, several control issues, viz., basic control targets, active damping control and sensorless control schemes, are elaborated for the machine‐ and grid‐side converters of PMSG wind generation systems.

Findings

For high‐power PMSG‐based wind turbines ranging from 3 MW to 5 MW, parallel‐connected 2‐level LV BTB VSCs are the most cost‐effective converter topology with mature commercial products, particularly for dual 3‐phase stator‐winding PMSG generation systems. For higher‐capacity wind‐turbine driven PMSGs rated from 5 MW to 10 MW, medium voltage multi‐level converters, such as 5‐level regenerative CHB, 3‐ and 4‐level FC BTB VSC, and 3‐level BTB VSC, are preferred. Among them, 3‐level BTB NPC topology is the favorite with well‐proven technology and industrial applications, which can also be extensively applicable with open‐end winding and dual stator‐winding PMSGs so as to create even higher voltage/power wind generation systems. Sensorless control algorithms based on fundamental voltages/currents are suggested to be employed in the basic VC/DPC schemes for enhancing the robustness in the entire PMSG‐based wind power generation system, due to that the problems related with electromagnetic interferences in the position signals and the failures in the mechanical encoders can be avoided.

Originality/value

This second part of the paper for the first time systematically reviews the latest state of arts with regard to power converters and their associated advanced control strategies for high‐power wind energy generation applications. It summarizes a variety of converter topologies with pros and cons highlighted for different power ratings of wind turbines.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 32 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2012

Grzegorz Iwanski and Gonzalo Abad

Doubly fed induction generator DFIG applied in over 50 percent of modern variable speed wind power systems and interesting also for adjustable speed diesel generation sets or…

Abstract

Purpose

Doubly fed induction generator DFIG applied in over 50 percent of modern variable speed wind power systems and interesting also for adjustable speed diesel generation sets or multi‐megawatt water turbines is troublesome in the mean of maintenance of slip‐rings and brushes. Especially, it concerns isolated power systems and offshore wind turbines. Application of brushless DFIG in such cases eliminates the mentioned problem. Constructions of the machine and consequently the model and mathematical description is more complicated than classical slip‐ring DFIG, therefore it is still developed in several scientific institutions to obtain adequate performance. The following work is dedicated to mathematical description, modelling and implementation of the control method for autonomous operation in the laboratory model of brushless DFIG.

Design/methodology/approach

Analysis and simulation of the machine model and laboratory tests on a small scale prototype of brushless DFIG.

Findings

It has been proven that sensorless direct voltage control of DFIG can be applied for both slip‐ring and brushless machines, as it does not require machine parameters.

Research limitations/implications

Brushless DFIG development is far from the performance needed by industrial implementation. Lower efficiency and higher reactive power needed by the machine, in comparison to classical DFIG of the same power range, result from double air gap seen by magnetic flux. However, the constructions of prototype machines are better and better, and their capabilities become closer to DFIG.

Practical implications

Variable and adjustable speed generation systems such as wind turbines, diesel generation sets, water turbines.

Originality/value

Standalone power systems with DFIG described in several papers require quite complicated control methods based on the mathematical equations of the machine model. Thus, these methods have to be significantly modified for the brushless version of this machine type, due to the fact of a much more complicated model. The proposed sensorless method of the output voltage control requires only redesign (tuning) of the PI controllers responsible for control of the rotor current, stator voltage amplitude and frequency.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 31 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 22 October 2019

Yuri Merizalde, Luis Hernández-Callejo, Oscar Duque-Pérez and Víctor Alonso-Gómez

Despite the wide dissemination and application of current signature analysis (CSA) in general industry, CSA is not commonly used in the wind industry, where the use of vibration…

Abstract

Purpose

Despite the wide dissemination and application of current signature analysis (CSA) in general industry, CSA is not commonly used in the wind industry, where the use of vibration signals predominates. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the use of generator CSA (GCSA) in the online fault detection and diagnosis of wind turbines (WTs).

Design/methodology/approach

This is a bibliographical investigation in which the use of GCSA for the maintenance of WTs is analyzed. A section is dedicated to each of the main components, including the theoretical foundations on which GCSA is based and the methodology, mathematical models and signal processing techniques used by the proposals that exist on this topic.

Findings

The lack of appropriate technology and mathematical models, as well as the difficulty involved in performing actual studies in the field and the lack of research projects, has prevented the expansion of the use of GCSA for fault detection of other WT components. This research area has yet to be explored, and the existing investigations mainly focus on the gearbox and the doubly fed induction generator; however, modern signal treatment and artificial intelligence techniques could offer new opportunities in this field.

Originality/value

Although literature on the use of GCSA for the detection and diagnosis of faults in WTs has been published, these papers address specific applications for each of the WT components, especially gearboxes and generators. For this reason, the main contribution of this study is providing a comprehensive vision for the use of GCSA in the maintenance of WTs.

Details

Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, vol. 26 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2511

Keywords

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