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The purpose of this paper is to show a thermodynamic analysis to determine the contribution of each term of the total energy balance.

The thermodynamic analysis comprises a number of numerical simulations where some terms, typically ignored by the commonly used approximations, are removed from the total energy equation to quantify the effects in the flow and heat transfer fields. The case study is the differentially heated square cavity flow, in which the effects of work done by the pressure forces contribute significantly to the energy balance. Because local magnitudes are computed here for discussion, the dimensional form of the governing equations is preferred and a numerical model without any restrictive approximation about the role of the pressure is used.

The results show that the work of gravity forces term is in perfect balance with the work of pressure forces term, and thus, ignoring the contribution of one of them yields an incorrect solution. In addition, it is shown that the assumption of zero divergence of the Boussinesq approximation can be erroneous, even for a natural convection flow case where the temperature difference is very small.

As the flow and heat transfer governing equations are complex, simplifying assumptions are generally used; that is, the Boussinesq and low Mach number approximations. These assumptions are systematically adopted without any validation process and without considering that they modify the physical meaning of one or more of the thermodynamic quantities, particularly the pressure. This fact results in inconsistencies of the different forms of energy.

This is the first time that the terms of the total energy balance are quantified in such a way, in a differentially heated square cavity flow, which is a case study addressed by several authors.

This paper seeks to offer a survey of accounting publications and research in the French literature from 1950 to the end of the twentieth century.

The methodology is that of literary research, review and critique.

Finds that over the period mentioned different aspects of accounting research have been examined in the literature – academic, social, matrix, events, historical. The leading researchers in these fields are covered in detail.

Succeeds in offering problems the most comprehensive survey to date of the French literature on accounting and related research during the period under review.

Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some legal aspects concerning MNEs, cyberspace and e‐commerce as the means of expression of the digital economy. The whole effort of the author is focused on the examination of various aspects of MNEs and their impact upon globalisation and vice versa and how and if we are moving towards a global digital economy.

The purpose of this paper is to study the implementation of machine learning (ML) techniques in order to automatically measure the feasibility of performing ready mixed concrete (RMC) dispatching jobs.

Six ML techniques were selected and tested on data that was extracted from a developed simulation model and answered by a human expert.

The results show that the performance of most of selected algorithms were the same and achieved an accuracy of around 80 per cent in terms of accuracy for the examined cases.

This approach can be applied in practice to match experts’ decisions.

In this paper the feasibility of handling complex concrete delivery problems by ML techniques is studied. Currently, most of the concrete mixing process is done by machines. However, RMC dispatching still relies on human resources to complete many tasks. In this paper the authors are addressing to reconstruct experts’ decisions as only practical solution.

Globalisation is generally defined as the “denationalisation of clusters of political, economic, and social activities” that destabilize the ability of the sovereign State to control activities on its territory, due to the rising need to find solutions for universal problems, like the pollution of the environment, on an international level. Globalisation is a complex, forceful legal and social process that take place within an integrated whole with out regard to geographical boundaries. Globalisation thus differs from international activities, which arise between and among States, and it differs from multinational activities that occur in more than one nation‐State. This does not mean that countries are not involved in the sociolegal dynamics that those transboundary process trigger. In a sense, the movements triggered by global processes promote greater economic interdependence among countries. Globalisation can be traced back to the depression preceding World War II and globalisation at that time included spreading of the capitalist economic system as a means of getting access to extended markets. The first step was to create sufficient export surplus to maintain full employment in the capitalist world and secondly establishing a globalized economy where the planet would be united in peace and wealth. The idea of interdependence among quite separate and distinct countries is a very important part of talks on globalisation and a significant side of today’s global political economy.

The story of how aviation has opened up the African continent promises to be a formidable subject and initial inspection of such chapter headings as “The Nile hydro‐aeroplane” and “The link to West Africa” hardly relieves the impression. But David Jones, an experienced broadcaster, appreciates how easily readers, like listeners, switch off. So he recounts the story almost entirely as achievements by personalities. Those flying that Nile hydro‐aeroplane were Francis McClean and party and the link to West Africa was forged by Coningham and Rowley. Only the last section concentrates on the comparative impersonality of the airlines.

The purpose of this paper is to present an artificial homeostatic system whose parameters are defined by means of an evolutionary process. The objective is to design a more biologically plausible system inspired by homeostatic regulations observed in nature, which is capable of exploring key issues in the context of robot behaviour adaptation and coordination.

The proposed system consists of an artificial endocrine system that coordinates two spatially unconstrained GasNet artificial neural network models, called non‐spatial GasNets. Both systems are dedicated to the definition of control actions in autonomous navigation tasks via the use of an artificial hormone and a hormone receptor. A series of experiments are performed in a real and simulated scenario in order to investigate the performance of the system and its robustness to novel environmental conditions and internal sensory disruptions.

The designed system shows to be robust enough to self‐adapt to a wider variety of disruptions and novel environments by making full use of its in‐built homeostatic mechanisms. The system is also successfully tested on a real robot, indicating the viability of the proposed method for coping with the reality gap, a well‐known issue for the evolutionary robotics community.

The proposed framework is inspired by the homeostatic regulations and gaseous neuro‐modulation that are intrinsic to the human body. The incorporation of an artificial hormone receptor stands for the novelty of this paper. This hormone receptor proves to be vital to control the network's response to the signalling promoted by the presence of the artificial hormone. It is envisaged that the proposed framework is a step forward in the design of a generic model for coordinating many and more complex behaviours in simulated and real robots, employing multiple hormones and potentially coping with further severe disruptions.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of brand-related variables as congruence and brand trust on the traditional model formed by perceived quality, perceived value (PV) and satisfaction, in order to compare predictive models for the variables of PV, satisfaction and future intentions of 683 users of sports services.

The analysis has been carried out using two different methodologies. First, three models have been proposed to be analyzed by hierarchical regression models, in order to subsequently propose a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to verify the existence or not of necessary and sufficient conditions.

The results indicate that both the classic service variables and the elements related to the brand significantly predict PV, satisfaction and future intentions, in some cases with greater predictive weight being given to congruence and trust than the classic service variables. In addition, linear models have been shown to improve their predictive capability by including brand-related variables, especially the future intentions model. After the fsQCA, congruence and trust have proved to be sufficient combinations to achieve high levels of PV and future intentions, while this is not the case for satisfaction.

The importance of the aspects related to the brand, either on their own or in combination with the classic service variables, is demonstrated, contributing to the literature on brand image in sports services, which is practically non-existent.

El objetivo es analizar el papel de las variables relacionadas con la marca como la congruencia y la confianza en la marca en el modelo tradicional formado por la calidad percibida, el valor percibido y la satisfacción, con el fin de comparar modelos predictivos para las variables de valor percibido, satisfacción e intenciones futuras de 683 usuarios de servicios deportivos.

El análisis se ha llevado a cabo utilizando dos metodologías diferentes. En primer lugar, se han propuesto 3 modelos para ser analizados mediante modelos de regresión jerárquica, con el fin de proponer posteriormente un análisis comparativo cualitativo de conjuntos difusos para verificar la existencia o no de condiciones necesarias y suficientes.

Los resultados indican que tanto las variables clásicas del servicio como los elementos relacionados con la marca predicen significativamente el valor percibido, la satisfacción y las intenciones futuras, en algunos casos con un mayor peso predictivo de la congruencia y la confianza que las variables clásicas de servicio. Además, se ha demostrado que los modelos lineales mejoran su capacidad predictiva al incluir las variables relacionadas con la marca, especialmente en el modelo de intenciones futuras. Después del análisis cualitativo comparativo, la congruencia y la confianza han demostrado ser combinaciones suficientes para lograr altos niveles de valor percibido e intenciones futuras, mientras que no ha sido así en el caso de la satisfacción.

Queda demostrada la importancia de los aspectos relacionados con la marca, por sí solos o en combinación con las variables clásicas del servicio, contribuyendo a la literatura sobre la imagen de marca en los servicios deportivos, que es prácticamente inexistente.

THE Combustion and Propulsion Panel of A.G.A.R.D. (Advisory Group on Aeronautical Research and Development to N.A.T.O.) held its third Colloquium at Palermo, Sicily, during the period March 17–21, 1958. Nearly 200 delegates attended the Colloquium representing 10 different N.A.T.O. countries. There were 19 delegates from the U.K. and 12 of these participated either as authors, reviewers of papers or to the discussion. During the five‐day period, 18 invited papers were presented with prepared comments from 45 selected reviewers.

Employing the Star Wars brand as a case study, this paper seeks to critically discuss the importance of comparative mythology for inter-generational branding and consumption practices within arts related markets.

Secondary data have been gathered focusing on the analysis of material in the form of books, academic journals, films, videos, television programs, websites and media reports related to the interface between comparative mythology, the Star Wars brand.

First, this paper indicates how the long-standing success of the Star Wars brand mirrors and reflects the power of monomythic storytelling in creating a platform for arts and place building branding associations and extensions for numerous products and services. Second, this study shows and highlights the potential of monomythic structures/storytelling and comparative mythology in acting an underlying cultural platform whereupon several arts brand associations, narratives, extensions and overall strategies can emerge. Finally, this project suggests how arts marketing scholars could further explore the infusion of mythological narratives within branding practices in the areas of performing/visual arts, museums, entertainment and arts related tourism campaigns.

Focusing on the most successful film franchise of all times, this study argues that comparative mythology constitutes an endless source for common templates of artistic, cross-cultural and inter-generational marketing practices focusing on universal moral codes and archetypes.