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The focus of this study is to analyze the impact of financing sources on productivity and technical efficiency of the tuna fishing business in Sendang Biru Coastal, Indonesia, in order to improve the entrepreneurship goals. This research used the quantitative explanatory method. The results showed that fishermen's difficulty accessing traditional financing sources (banks and cooperatives) became a constrain in optimizing production activities. The financing source used by Sendang Biru fishermen for their business activities mostly comes from “Pengambek.” The logit regression analysis shows that the number of fishing gear and the size of the boat owned by fishermen have a positive and statistically significant effect on the opportunities for fishers to obtain traditional financing. The ability of fishers to obtain business financing sources positively impacts the productivity and technical efficiency of the tuna fishing business. Our research implies developing a financing system in coastal environment business, especially in the tuna fishing industry.

This study aims to identify and explore experiences, perspectives, barriers and enablers to women’s career progression to management positions in the health-care sector and to assess women’s and men’s perceptions of the policies and practices of the health-care system concerning gender equality and nondiscrimination between women and men.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among health-care professionals in ten selected hospitals, including physicians, registered nurses/midwives and pharmacists with or without managerial positions.

This study included a total of 2,082 female and 1,100 male health-care professionals. Overall, 70% of women and men reported that opportunities for advancement are based on knowledge and skills in their institution. However, 58.9% of women (p < 0.001) reported that women are more likely to face barriers to career advancement than men do in their workplace. Lack of women in general/line management and discrimination against women by supervisors at the point of promotion were the main barriers to women's career progression, as they were reported by two-thirds of women. The main barrier, as perceived by men (62.3%) was that women have family and domestic responsibilities.

To overcome barriers in women's career progression, there is a need to establish a career planning and capacity-building program for women in the health sector.

Jordanian female health-care professionals face different barriers that affect their career progression, including inequity and discrimination in the workplace, negative views about women’s abilities, lack of qualifications and training, hostile cultural beliefs and family responsibilities.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a hand disease caused by the pressing of the median nerve present in the palmar side of the wrist. It causes severe pain in the wrist, triggering disturbance during sleep. Different products like splints, braces and gloves are available in the market to alleviate this disease but there was still a need to improve the wearability, comfort and cost of the product. This study was about designing a comfortable and cost-effective wearable system for mild-to-moderate CTS. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy has been used to reduce the pain in the wrist.

After simulation by using Proteus software (which allowed the researchers to draw and simulate electrical circuits using ISIS, ARES and PCB design tools virtually), the circuit with optimum frequency, i.e. 33 Hz was selected, and the circuit was developed on a printed circuit board (PCB). The developed circuit was integrated successfully into the half glove structure.

The developed product had good thermophysiological comfort and hand properties as compared to the commercially available product of the same kind. In vivo testing (It involves the testing with living subjects like animals, plants or human beings) was performed which resulted in 85% confirmed viability of the product against CTS. A glove with an integrated circuit was developed successfully to accommodate various sizes without any sex specifications in a cost-effective way to mitigate the issue of CTS.

Industrial workers, individuals frequently using their hands or those diagnosed with CTS may wish to use this product as therapy. The attention could not be paid to the aesthetic or visual appeal of the developed product.

A very comfortable glove with integrated TENS electrodes was developed successfully to accommodate various sizes without any sex specifications in a cost-effective way to mitigate the issues of CTS.

The purpose of this study is to examine the acceptability of tawarruq in the banking industry in Somalia, focusing on awareness, need, compatibility, relative advantage, behavioral attitude and the role of Shariah scholars. This study is governed by the Theory of Islamic Consumer Behavior.

A questionnaire survey was conducted involving 150 customers of Islamic banks in Mogadishu, Somalia. This research adopts a quantitative methodology, using descriptive and survey analyses by employing SPSS 23. Smart-PLS-4 SEM was used to test the six hypotheses established in the study.

This study provides evidence that the customers of Islamic banks in Somalia are looking forward to Islamic banks offering tawarruq in the country. Respondents viewed tawarruq as a very attractive product compared to other existing products of Islamic banks in the country. The need for tawarruq, its compatibility and relative advantage have a positive and significant influence on the intention to use tawarruq products for cash financing purposes, whereas customer awareness, behavioral attitudes and the role of Shariah scholars have insignificant influence.

The findings of this study can be beneficial to all Islamic financial institutions in Somalia by applying tawarruq contract to facilitate cash financing.

This study contributes to the literature by enhancing the awareness of tawarruq in Somalia. The study also shed light on the need of Islamic banks’ customers on tawarruq for cash financing purposes in Somalia.

This paper aims to investigate the differences in the practice of tawarruq munazzam contracts based on personal financing products. The researcher will then analyse the said differences based on the potential for risk to occur and risk from a Shariah perspective.

This study’s methodology is qualitative, in which the data are collected through library research and field studies. The library research is conducted by examining books, articles, statutes and related circulars. From the practical aspect, field studies were conducted in an unstructured interview method with officers used in Islamic banks. The snowball method was used to determine the number of Islamic banks to be studied until no new information was obtained on the different practices of tawarruq munazzam contracts based on personal financing products.

The results show that there are differences in the practice of tawarruq munazzam contracts based on personal financing products practised by the Islamic banks studied. These differences have brought significant influence in determining the level of Shariah risk potentials and Shariah risks, respectively. The results also show that the highest number of the Shariah risk potential and Shariah risk in the Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) studied is 10 i.e. covering the issues of customer engagement, wa’ad (promise), commodity asset, gharar (uncertainty), wakalah (representative), ta’wid and gharamah, the willing but not an able debtor, qalb dayn and two prices in a transaction. Meanwhile, the least amount of the Shariah risk potential and Shariah risk in the IFIs studied is four, i.e. covering the issues of customer engagement, wakalah, the willing but not an able debtor and two prices in a transaction. Findings prove that there are opportunities for IFIs to minimise Shariah risk potential and risk in the personal financing products offered.

This study is limited to the practice of tawarruq munazzam contracts based on personal financing products practised by IFIs in Malaysia.

The differences in the tawarruq munazzam contract practice show the distinctive elements in both Shariah risk potential and Shariah risk. Therefore, the findings of this study can be a guideline for IFIs to improve the practice of tawarruq munazzam contracts, especially in personal financing products in minimising Shariah risk potential and Shariah risk.

The public confidence in Islamic banking is increasing as Islamic banks can minimise the Shariah risk potential and Shariah risk in tawarruq munazzam contracts based on the personal financing products offered.

This study analyses the differences in the practice of tawarruq munazzam contracts based on personal financing products by IFIs in Malaysia, which can impact Shariah risk potential and Shariah risk.

This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of triggers of psychological distress among Jordanian patients with heart failure (HF).

A phenomenological study was adopted. In-depth, semi-structured, audio-taped interviews were conducted for 25 patients with HF. The analysis was done using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

The main theme of the findings can be expressed as “faced with stressors that are unable to cope with”, which encompasses circumstances and contexts associated with the psychological distress they faced. The following four sub-themes emerged from the data: being endorsed in significant life changes, feeling guilty about being a burden, financial burden aggravating stress and feeling overwhelmed by the fear of death.

The findings revealed that psychological distress is affected directly by many triggers. The findings indicate the need for informing health-care providers to support these patients and address the challenges and develop clinical guidelines to assess psychological distress among these patients.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical, historical, and legal account and analysis of how money, an inexorable lubricant of all economies, evolved from metallic origins to acceptance in paper form in Muslim traditions.

This paper underlines flaws, points of objections, corollaries and counter-points, and it ends with a thematic discussion on the way forward for Muslim nations with respect to various political and regulatory implications for implementations of potential paper money alternatives

After undergoing experimentation and customary use of various objects as money (such as sea shells, gold, silver, stones, tobacco, etc.), the world has finally settled down by embracing paper money as an official medium of exchange.

Paper money also endured many financial crises and initial oppositions to its premise. From an Islamic standpoint, paper money poses certain flaws and limitations that can make it unacceptable from legal perspectives.

The purpose of this paper is to study the differences in fatwa amongst official fatwa institutions in Malaysia comprising the State Mufti’s Departments (SMDs), the National Fatwa Committee Muzakarah (NFCM) and the National Bank Shariah Advisory Council (NBSAC) regarding the conditional gift issue and to propose a uniformed fatwa by taking an approach of celebrating views of all the official fatwa institutions involved.

The methodology used for this study is qualitative; data was collectedthrough library research and field studies.[AQ1] The library research was accomplished by examining books, statutes and related circulars, while field studies were conducted through unstructured interviews with eight Shariah (Sharia) officers and two academicians from SMDs, NFCM, NBSAC and public universities.

The findings of the study found that the conditional hibah (ruqba and 'umra) is valid as far as gifting is concerned, while the conditions pertaining to it are null and void. The findings also found that the concept of mura’ah al-khilaf and ma’alat al-af’al can be practised by applying conditional hibah to maintain maslahah, as provided under the concept of maqasid al-Shariah. Hence, this study proposed that formal fatwa institutions consisting of SMDs, NFCM and NBSAC issue a comprehensive guideline in contracting conditional hibah by providing an explicit provision on the recognised and different opinions about the said hibah.

The study analyses the differences of opinions of the official fatwa on conditional hibah issued by SMDs, NFCM and NBSAC based on the discipline of usul al-fiqh. It is found that conditional hibah is not allowed in Islamic law. It also found that conditional hibah granted by the NBSAC is not in adherence to the strict permission granted by Islamic law. Therefore, taking into consideration all the fatwas issued by the fatwa bodies, the researchers proposed to celebrate all official fatwas using the method of mura'ah al-khilaf and ma’alat al-af'al.

Ijara is one of the exchange contracts that is based on selling benefits and services. There are several forms of Ijara: Ijara specified objects, specified work and hiring a private or joint employee. The target of all these is obtaining a benefit. For instance, in the specified Ijara, the lessee desires to obtain a benefit from a specified person in particular, and in the forward Ijara, the purpose is obtaining the benefit in accordance with specified specifications. Indeed, Islamic banks can obtain these benefits through Ijara them from their providers and re-Ijara them to customers upon request. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to determine the Shariah ruling of the Islamic law of Ijara persons' benefits. Moreover, it aims to determine to what extent is it possible to consider Ijara and selling the benefits prescribed in disclosure and as a financing instrument in Islamic banks aiming at providing citizens with services, mainly in the virtual era.

The current research is framed within the descriptive and analytical research through illustrating the nature of Ijara, its conditions, pillars, evidence of its legitimacy and its kinds as well. The methodology used attributes the Quranic verses to their contexts in the Holy Quran and authenticates the noble hadiths of the Prophet.

The current research concludes that it is legally permissible to lease these benefits and re-lease them. However, in the specified Ijara, the hired person must perform the work himself and it is not permissible to be replaced by a third party, whereas in the forward Ijara, the contracted work is permitted to be carried out by a third party as long as it complies with the specifications required and contracted.

This study contributes to the current literature by providing a guide to Islamic banking regulators to promote Ijara in Islamic banking.