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The purpose of this study is to investigate environmental factors impacting Ajanta mural deterioration, assessing global tourism effects and visitor conduct on cave environment and murals. This study recognizes stakeholder roles in conservation, providing data-driven insights to guide institutions like the Archaeological Survey of India. The objective is sustainable tourism practices to balance public access with mural preservation for future generations.

Over 25 years, Ajanta Caves' visitors doubled, impacting microclimatic conditions for ancient murals. This study assesses visitor impact to establish a regime and determine carrying capacity, considering temperature, humidity and pollution. Challenges arise from quantifying capacity because of variables. This research informs global tourism and heritage conservation, offering methodologies applicable to cultural sites worldwide.

This study examines environmental impacts on mural preservation in Ajanta Caves, including humidity, microbial growth, sunlight exposure, air quality and tourist presence. Tourist influx escalates CO₂ levels, directly endangering murals. Concerns about particulate matter, especially during visits, emphasize the need for data-driven decision-making and modern technology use to protect Ajanta Caves' artwork, crucial because of its global significance and tourism-related vulnerabilities.

This study carries substantial social implications with a global resonance. The active engagement of the local community and tourism stakeholders in conserving and promoting the Ajanta Caves fosters empowerment, igniting a sense of pride, ownership and responsibility among residents and ensuring sustainable enjoyment of cultural heritage while safeguarding it for future generations. In addition, there will be socioeconomic benefits to local residents such as employment opportunities as tour operators, tour guides, hospitality staff, artisans and souvenir shopkeepers.

This study integrates art conservation, environmental science, cultural heritage preservation and social aspects to address global tourism challenges. Focusing on a site of worldwide significance, this study offers practical strategies for artwork preservation, tourism management and environmental concerns. These recommendations provide real-world solutions applicable to heritage sites globally, bridging scientific analysis with social and cultural insights.

本研究调查了影响阿詹塔壁画退化的环境因素, 评估了全球旅游业和游客行为对洞穴环境和壁画的影响。它承认利益相关者在保护中的作用, 为印度考古调查等机构提供数据支撑的见解。目的是实践可持续旅游, 平衡公众进入和供子孙后代使用的壁画保护。

25年来, 阿詹塔洞穴的游客增加了一倍, 影响了古壁画的小气候条件。该研究评估了游客的影响, 考虑温度、湿度和污染, 建立了一个制度并确定承载能力。量化承载能力的指标面临着挑战。这项研究为全球旅游业和遗产保护提供了信息, 提供了适用于世界各地文化遗址的方法。

这项研究考察了环境对阿詹塔洞穴壁画保护的影响, 包括湿度、微生物生长、阳光照射、空气质量和游客的存在。游客的涌入使二氧化碳含量上升, 直接危及壁画。对颗粒物的考虑, 尤其是在参观期间, 强调了数据驱动决策和现代技术应用对保护阿詹塔洞穴的艺术品的必要性。这一点至关重要, 因为它具有全球意义和旅游相关的脆弱性。

这项研究具有重大的社会影响并引起全球共鸣。当地社区和旅游利益相关者积极参与阿旃陀石窟的保护和推广, 可以增强居民的赋权, 激发居民的自豪感、主人翁意识和责任感, 确保可持续享受文化遗产, 同时为子孙后代保护文化遗产。此外, 还将为当地居民带来社会经济效益, 例如旅游经营者、导游、接待人员、工匠、纪念品店主等的就业机会。

这项研究综合了艺术保护、环境科学、文化遗产保护和社会方面以应对全球旅游业的挑战。它关注一个具有世界意义的遗址, 为艺术品保护、旅游管理和环境问题提供了实用的策略。这些建议提供了适用于全球遗产地的现实世界解决方案, 将科学分析与社会和文化见解联系起来。

El estudio investiga los factores medioambientales que influyen en el deterioro de los murales de Ajanta, evaluando los efectos globales del turismo y el comportamiento de los visitantes sobre el entorno de las cuevas y los murales. Se examina el papel que desempeñan las partes interesadas en la conservación y aporta datos para orientar a instituciones como la encuesta arqueológica de India. El objetivo son las prácticas turísticas sostenibles para equilibrar el acceso del público con la conservación de los murales para las generaciones futuras.

A lo largo de 25 años, los visitantes de las cuevas de Ajanta se han duplicado, con un impacto en las condiciones microclimáticas de los murales antiguos. El estudio evalúa el impacto de los visitantes para establecer una regulación y determinar la capacidad de carga, teniendo en cuenta la temperatura, la humedad y la contaminación. La cuantificación de la capacidad plantea problemas debido a las variables. La investigación aporta información al turismo mundial y a la conservación del patrimonio, ofreciendo metodologías aplicables a sitios culturales de todo el mundo.

Este estudio examina los impactos ambientales en la conservación de los murales de las cuevas de Ajanta, incluyendo la humedad, el crecimiento microbiano, la exposición a la luz solar, la calidad del aire y la presencia de turistas. La afluencia de turistas aumenta los niveles de CO2, poniendo directamente en peligro los murales. La preocupación por las partículas, especialmente durante las visitas, pone de relieve la necesidad de tomar decisiones basadas en datos y de utilizar tecnología actual para proteger las obras de arte de las cuevas de Ajanta, algo crucial debido a su importancia mundial y a las vulnerabilidades relacionadas con el turismo.

Este estudio conlleva importantes implicaciones sociales con una resonancia global. La participación activa de la comunidad local y las partes interesadas del turismo en la conservación y promoción de las Cuevas de Ajanta fomenta el empoderamiento, generando un sentido de orgullo, propiedad y responsabilidad entre los residentes y garantiza el disfrute sostenible del patrimonio cultural al mismo tiempo que lo salvaguarda para las generaciones futuras. Además, habrá beneficios socioeconómicos para los residentes locales, como oportunidades de empleo como operadores turísticos, guías turísticos, personal de hostelería, artesanos, comerciantes de souvenirs, etc.

Este estudio integra la conservación del arte, las ciencias medioambientales, la preservación del patrimonio cultural y los aspectos sociales para abordar los retos del turismo mundial. Centrándose en un sitio de importancia mundial, ofrece estrategias prácticas para la conservación de las obras de arte, la gestión del turismo y los problemas medioambientales. Estas recomendaciones aportan soluciones reales aplicables a lugares patrimoniales de todo el mundo, tendiendo puentes entre el análisis científico y las percepciones sociales y culturales.

This interdisciplinary study re-evaluates the Sungai Melaka flood mitigation project’s impact on community success in Malaysia’s UNESCO World Heritage site, broadening the definition of success considering historical and cultural significance. This study aims to revisit success metrics, focusing on the project’s influence on people’s interactions, cultural well-being, social cohesion and heritage preservation.

This study explored visitors’ reviews of their experience visiting Sungai Melaka in several data collection stages. The first data collection involved a Web survey posted on Facebook to capture diverse perspectives of the population and grasp the core strand of knowledge to focus on the second data collection, the questionnaire. The final stage involved interviews to generate rich qualitative data.

The findings of this study revealed that the impact exceeded tangible outcomes, as the project impacted people’s interactions and practices. This research assesses cultural benefits, incorporating these indicators into evaluating cultural ecosystem services by capturing local visitors’ and communities’ perceptions, preferences and behaviours. The findings found that other project success attributes include identities, capabilities and experience, further defining learning, health, economics, connection to nature and symbolism.

This research explores the meaning of project success beyond the traditional metrics by capturing success from the users’ perspectives and people’s interaction and their impact on culture and well-being. The cultural ecosystem services framework used in this study is applied to explore the interactions between people and the facility and its effect on the people.

The purpose of this self-study is to analyze my experiences learning in Poland, the country where Nazis imprisoned and murdered my family. I share findings from multiple museum locations, including implications for history teachers, teacher educators and visitors to Holocaust museums.

I participated in a ten-day professional development seminar designed for American teachers to visit Poland. To allow for self-study after the trip, I maintained a reflexive journal and photographic records of each day I was in Poland. I analyze these data in conjunction with publicly available data from the museums and historical sites I visited in Poland.

The findings suggest that teachers can face many challenges when learning in a land of traumatic absences. Many challenges stem from the absences of buildings and survivors, as those may be integral to place-based learning. Testimonies and first-person accounts may ameliorate these challenges for teachers engaging in place-based learning. Additionally, teachers may use these accounts to bring a pedagogy of remembrance from Poland to their classrooms.

This study is not under review with another journal.

This article reflects on our joint experiences co-creating impact through a project in knowledge mobilisation – a website that disseminated resources and facilitated developmental activities for scholar-activists. We examine this project from the perspectives of the first author who created and ran the website and the second author who participated as a community member from the project’s launch.

The website attracted a scholarly activist community primarily comprising former and current women academics, who collaboratively informed the first author’s creation of articles, newsletters and workshops, that sought to develop individual and institutional capacities for feminist leadership.

This project in co-creating impact revealed the yearning and potential academics had for support and belonging. They were drawn to the website because many struggled with overwork, burnout and violence within a system that they did not feel was built for them. They strove to build a community around the website and its associated activities and resources so that they could fill the perceived gaps and heal the felt harms of their institutions.

Our reflections consider the different ways impact may be collaboratively generated through knowledge mobilisation in community, including how feminist redefinitions of impact may be designed and demonstrated in future projects. At the same time, we also critically examine the limitations of attempting to redress institutional issues as individuals without formal authority in those institutions.

In urban planning, sustainability is closely linked to the quality of urban public spaces (UPS). However, some UPS encounter issues of low attractiveness and underutilisation. Vitality serves as a crucial measure in this context. The research perspective on the vitality of UPS centres on the balance between human activities and the built environment. Therefore, this article aims to systematically review critical aspects of UPS vitality evaluation system, including research objects, vitality components and research methods, from the dimensions of crowd activity and the built environment.

A systematic literature review using PRISMA analysed English-language publications from 2008 to 2023 in Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) databases, employing keywords related to UPS and vitality, with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

(1) Research objects, including parks, squares, waterfronts, blocks and streets. (2) The factors contributing to crowd activity characteristics originate from five dimensions, namely spatial, temporal, visitor, activity and feedback. Environmental factors, both external (accessibility, surrounding function mix and population density) and internal (service facility mix and water presence), significantly impact vitality. (3) The study primarily relies on quantitative data, including traditional surveys and emerging significant data sources like dynamic location and traffic, social media, geospatial and point of interest (POI) data. Data analysis methods commonly used include correlation analysis and comprehensive evaluation techniques.

The findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the vitality evaluation system for UPS from multiple perspectives for urban planners, aiding in identifying key factors and research methods in the vitality evaluation of various types of UPS.

This study aims to examine the language choices of outdoor signs and menus in addition to the functions of outdoor signs in restaurants in a Saudi tourist city, Abha. The primary focus is on identifying the extent to which outdoor signs accurately represent the language choices of restaurant menus.

The study developed a conceptual framework for the linguistic landscape (LL) of restaurants. It employed a quantitative approach to collect outdoor signs and menus of 75 sampled restaurants in Abha using online photos and a smartphone camera. Then it analyzed the frequency and percentage of language choices on outdoor signs and menus as well as the extent to which language choices of outdoor signs represent menus.

The findings indicate that more than half (58.66%) of the restaurants employ bilingual signage in both Arabic and English. Other languages like Spanish, French, Chinese and Turkish are sporadically used, with multilingualism observed only in isolated instances. The study also reveals that bi/multilingualism on outdoor signs primarily serves informational purposes, where more than one-third (36%) of the outdoor signs use languages other than Arabic to serve a symbolic function. Regarding menus, Arabic and English dominate, while Turkish appears on one menu. Spanish, French, and Chinese are absent from restaurant menus, indicating linguistic mismatch in terms of language choices.

This study contributes to LL studies of restaurants in tourist cities by showing language choices and functions of outdoor signs and their alignment with menus.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between tourists’ motivations, perception of tourism impacts, place attachment (PA) and loyalty toward Jallianwala Bagh, a dark heritage site in Punjab, India.

A mixed-method approach comprising qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Semi-structured interviews and the Delphi method helped generate a 34-item survey instrument. A sample size of 869 respondents was obtained, split into two subsets for exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.

Seven out of nine hypotheses were supported. Motivated tourists perceived higher positive tourism impacts but lower negative tourism impacts. Higher perceptions of positive tourism impacts increased both PA and loyalty to the destination. Surprisingly, the perception of negative tourism impacts did not significantly affect tourist loyalty, contrary to some previous research.

This study informs stakeholders about tourists’ cognitive and affective responses at a dark tourism site, aiding in the planning and development of sustainable tourism strategies.

By understanding the tourists’ motivations and perceptions, stakeholders can manage tourism impacts more effectively, ensuring that tourists’ experiences align with sustainable practices.

This study enriches the understanding of the tourists’ complex interactions with dark heritage sites. It introduces a new angle by examining how motivations, PA and perceptions of tourism impacts influence tourist loyalty, especially in the context of dark tourism.

This study aims to explore the impact of architecture on digital communication mediums, focusing on how social media shapes the public perception and discussion of architectural spaces. It specifically examines the case of the Basilica Cistern/Istanbul, analysing social media interactions post-restoration.

Using newspaper archive scanning and survey technique, this study observed public content on Instagram focusing on the post-restoration period of the Basilica Cistern. 406 (283 valid) people who visited the Cistern and shared their experiences on Instagram between August 2022 and January 2023 participated in a survey. The analysis utilized Python for advanced correlation studies, enabling an in-depth exploration of the interplay between architectural features and social media sharing behaviours.

The analysis revealed that historical significance, lighting elements, role as a photographic backdrop significantly influenced sharing behaviours. Correlations were found between specific spatial features of the cistern and various sharing motivations, such as communication with people, personal gain, and popularity. The study highlights a diverse spectrum of motivations among users, emphasizing the relationship between these motivations and spatial features.

This study underscores the necessity for further inquiry into the intricate dynamics among digital communication, architectural spaces, and user motivations. Limitations include potential challenges in gathering data from social media due to concerns of cyber fraud and the misuse of hashtags.

This research offers novel insights into the interplay between digital communication and architecture. It underscores the potential of digital platforms as valuable data sources for architectural theorizing and practice, particularly in understanding how restorations and architectural changes are perceived and discussed in the digital space.

This study aims to analyze the morphological landscape of the urban tourism spaces in the Malioboro Main Street area to predict its future development and to assist in creating effective regional planning policies.

This study uses qualitative grounded theory, typo morphological analysis and place-centered mapping techniques.

From the observation, it was found that each element of the city image area has different components of the urban tourism space’s morphology. The urban tourism spaces in Malioboro Main Street are distributed in a centered, linear and scattered pattern, with zones dedicated to shopping, cultural experiences and cuisine. The specific elements of each zone, such as attractions, accommodations or amenities, determine the type of tourism offered, such as cultural, shopping and culinary tourism.

The study presented here may serve as a helpful guide for regulating and organizing policies that can form a sound basis for policy formulation. It mainly pertains to planning and structuring the Malioboro Main Street area, which currently needs a well-conceived urban tourism landscape development concept.

This study will have practical implications in projecting tourism development in the area through planning and structuring. The study can also be used as a basis and guideline for controlling, organizing and determining regulations and policies, ultimately serving as a wise foundation for policy formulation, particularly in planning and structuring the Cosmological Axis area, especially the Malioboro area.

The discussion of morphology is mainly limited to macro or micro scales, while the discussion of tourism space is generally limited to conceptual development. Conversely, this study aims to explore the unique landscape morphology of the Malioboro Main Street area, which serves as evidence of a productive space for urban tourism by typomorphological analysis through the approach of urban landscape elements, tourism elements and its activities. Thus, it may complement previous studies in urban areas dominated by tourism.

Nowadays, the tourism industry is considered the largest and most diverse industry in the world, which can play a significant role in the economic growth and development of a country as the main source of income and employment. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to focus on evaluating the competitiveness indicators of Shiraz city tourism destination based on a combined model.

For this purpose, a questionnaire with 78 questions was used to evaluate the indicators, in which a total of 1,432 tourists participated, including 927 domestic tourists and 505 international tourists. The collected data were analyzed to determine the hierarchical relationship between the indicators using equation structural modeling.

The research findings indicate that the most effective and influential indicators in the field of tourism competitiveness are natural and handmade resources, and the most influential factors are demand conditions and cultural and natural resources. In this hierarchy, each factor affects its previous level and influences the next level.

This study offers significant potential for uncovering credible and robust approaches to further investigate the contextualization of tourism competitiveness on both national and international scales, thereby generating valuable new insights. By conceptualizing the diverse dimensions of tourism competitiveness and delving into the variations in its impacts across multiple levels, this research not only challenges existing notions but also aids destinations in maintaining and enhancing their market position and share over time. This study offers valuable insights and practical implications for both researchers and practitioners in the field of urban tourism. It enhances the understanding of destination competitiveness, informs policy decisions, facilitates benchmarking and best practices, guides strategic decision-making and promotes sustainable tourism development.