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In this chapter, the authors study work from home (WFH) and work from office (WFO) formats using institutional logic. Four start-ups in India have been studied using qualitative interview data reflecting their transition to WFH during the COVID-19 crisis and subsequent nationwide lockdown. Institutional logics is the framework drawn upon to enhance our understanding of the phenomenon. While conceptualising institutional logics in the context of WFH and WFO, the authors discuss the implications of WFH for both entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. Finally, it is proposed that hybrid workspaces may be the way for the future.

This study aims to understand how the recent COVID-19 pandemic impacted burnout levels among working mothers in leadership positions and how income and work schemes play an important role in their burnout.

Data were collected from 961 working mothers and fathers in leadership positions in Mexico under different work schemes during the COVID-19 lockdown. Snowball sampling was used in this study. The Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey was distributed online, using the burnout scale, with income and work schemes as categorical variables.

Burnout levels among working mothers in leadership positions were higher than those among working fathers. The hybrid work scheme (i.e. working from home combined with working from office) lessens burnout in working mothers, contributing both theoretically and empirically to better understanding burnout levels of mothers in leadership positions.

The findings can encourage human resource areas to reflect on the overexertion and work stress of mothers in leadership positions, and potential support resources can be provided to motivate them and retain their talent.

The introduction of the notion of lockdown in a conceptual model to observe its interaction with burnout and hybrid work schemes (i.e. working from the office and home) has rarely been discussed in existing literature. The impact, especially for working mothers in leadership positions, must be thus carefully considered while dealing with future crises, thereby helping to develop policies and processes accordingly.

This paper aims to investigate the continuing experience of the employer and employees in terms of work–life balance (WLB) and productivity from the employees engaged in knowledge work working from home. Based on the findings, this study expands the key performance indicators (KPIs) of remote work and future policy decision including reorienting training practices that can be implemented to manage the workforce in a hybrid model.

Focus group interviews with the corporate executives and human resources (HR) managers of information technology (IT) sectors were conducted to pool critical success and challenging variables in various phases as in the initial and matured phase of work from home (WFH) followed by administering a structured questionnaire to identify employee perceptions toward work from office, home and hybrid mode among knowledge work employees.

WLB and lower stress were the highlights of WFH, and women employees benefit from flexibility of work as the major highlighted success factor. But there were challenges ahead; teams have become more siloed with issues of ineffective communication resulting in team coherence issues, increased health risks and also can result in attrition. Productivity increased throughout, but in the extended phase of WFH, it has affected the WLB of a major portion of technology-driven employees in terms of health risks, burnout and job attrition.

Only the current employees working at IT companies in Kerala were surveyed, and this limited scope may not be consistent with other types of industries. The companies can approach the next phase of work by embracing the positives and learning from the challenges of WFH. The employers need to identify what exactly the employees feel through their interpersonal relationship through connect and trust.

A model with listed KPIs which will address the strategy enhancement for the future of work to uphold the success of work from anywhere at any time is suggested guaranteeing the best talent and productivity to progress forward. To foster the positive experience of WFH and hybrid mode of work, human resources (HR) interventions by reorienting effective training among employees are investigated and suggested as best practices to manage WLB and drive in flexibility to bring out the productivity potential among employees.

Coworking spaces can be arranged for those employees who have space and location issues and also taking into consideration, the nature of work. Out of five to six working days, three days of work can be from office desk based on employee preference as quality of deliverables and performance seem to be the established striking factor of traditional mode of work.

A model with listed KPIs and investigating the role of training which will address the strategy enhancement for the future of work to uphold the success of work from anywhere at any time is recommended guaranteeing the best talent and productivity to progress forward.

Acknowledging the significance of perceived organizational support (POS) for employees’ performance, this study aims to examine the underlying mechanism of task performance in a COVID-19 pandemic-induced blended working (TPBW) environment and the role of perceived usefulness of digitalization (PUDBW) in the process.

Survey data collected from 204 managers of Indian public sector undertakings pursuing blended working for the first time were analyzed using structural equation modelling. A qualitative study on 31 such managers was also performed.

Although employees perceived an improvement in POS, PUDBW and TPBW (during the COVID pandemic) in comparison to the pre-COVID time when traditional work design was operational, yet the improvement in task performance was not directly influenced by POS. POS had a positive effect on PUDBW, which in turn positively affected TPBW. PUD acted as a mediator. A negative moderation effect of POS on the relationship between PUDBW and TPBW was found.

Findings of the study may help organizations and policymakers to focus on key enablers, such as organizational support and relevant digital initiatives, for ensuring better task performance by their employees during a blended working environment, even in difficult times as the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study, for the first time, examined the proposed relationships in a new work setting of blended working and explained the underlying mediation and moderation mechanisms in their relationships.

Despite all the complications COVID-19 brought to the education sector, the pandemic has indirectly created various work flexibility arrangements for educators. This paper investigates the impact of different work flexibility arrangements on educators' emotional exhaustion while taking educators' backgrounds (gender, tenure and age) into consideration. This paper explores which work flexibility arrangements fit best for particular educators.

This study employs a quantitative approach to investigate the effect of different work flexibility arrangements (low, medium and high) on educators' emotional exhaustion. In total, 462 educators from various educational levels in Indonesia participated as the respondents.

In general, the findings suggest that female educators are more prone to experience emotional exhaustion than their male counterparts. This study also finds that educators' age negatively relates to emotional exhaustion, and the longer-tenured educators might not be suitable for highly flexible work arrangements. In addition, different degrees of work flexibility have various impacts on educators, depending on their gender, tenure and age. These results are potentially helpful for educational institutions to design the best work arrangements for educators.

It is crucial for educational administrators to determine how much work flexibility should be given to educators from different backgrounds. This study is among the first to empirically examine the impact of different work flexibilities on educators' well-being.

Family businesses have contributed significantly to economic growth in various countries, including Indonesia. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduced the world economy and caused economic shocks in various business sectors. Women successors face significant challenges in overcoming family business problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in terms of resilience, which is seen as the organization's prominent ability for sustainability in a turbulent environment. Thus, this study aims to explore women's initiatives and propose a framework for family business resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach to explore women's initiatives in family business resilience during the COVID-19 period. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five women's successors of family businesses in Indonesia. Triangulation was used to test data validity. Meanwhile, data analysis uses the Miles–Huberman technique: data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification.

This study found that women have the initiative to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic to develop and implement resilience in the family business. This study proposes a framework for factors that enhance family business resilience, including strategic decision-making (adaptive capacity, strategy renewal and appropriation capacity), strategic factors (successor motivation, successor competence and family support) and successor incremental program. Women have a long-term orientation toward the sustainability of their family businesses and can overcome various conflicts. The stereotypical view of women's leadership in family businesses has experienced a shift in which capability and competence are the main factors in recognizing women's leadership.

This study contributes to understanding women's roles in the resilience of family businesses under extreme stress during the pandemic. This study proposes a framework for family business resilience. In addition, this study adds new insights into the specific context of managing family business systems during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the resource-based view (RBV) and strategic management approach.

Building on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to investigate employee empowerment’s moderation effect on the relationship of situational (job satisfaction, affective commitment) and dispositional (positive affectivity, emotional intelligence) variables toward the emotional exhaustion of service employees amidst the pandemic.

In total, 288 service employees from various sectors in Indonesia participate as the study’s respondents. This study applies a two-stage structural equation modeling approach to test the hypotheses.

The results show that employee empowerment moderates situational and dispositional variables differently. While employee empowerment significantly influences situational variables, a different situation is found on dispositional variables, that employee empowerment does not significantly influence these variables. This study’s findings portray the COR theory in practice and clarify the importance of employee empowerment for employees with particular attributions.

The present study bears four limitations: the cross-sectional design; no exploration of dispositional and situational variables’ antecedents; the findings are limited to the service workers; and lastly, this study only takes Indonesian samples.

From a practical perspective, this study reveals which type of service employees are responsive to empowerment policy and which are prone to experience emotional exhaustion, particularly during a crisis.

By understanding what factors determine employee empowerment’s effectiveness, managers could maximize the impacts of their empowerment policies. Subsequently, it will create better service deliveries which might benefit the broader societal scope.

This study contributes to both theoretical and practical understanding. Theoretically, this study adds and promotes using a categorical lens to examine the pattern of interactions between organizations and employees.

During Covid-19 pandemic, Millennials, which are familiar with the Internet, may contribute in facing the pandemic by consistently sharing healthy food information. Thus, it is important to improve Millennials online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research aims to examine the simultaneous effects of e-health literacy, knowledge of the digital health communication media (DHCM) use, facilitating conditions, information quality and source credibility on Millennials' online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic.

A survey was performed to collect the data. The respondents of the survey are 205 DHCM millennial users who lived in Tangerang Regency and Tangerang City, Indonesia. This research performed a multiple regression analysis to test the conceptual model and proposed hypotheses.

Millennials' online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic was significantly affected by perceived threat of Covid-19, knowledge of the DHCM use and the facilitating conditions. However, it was not significantly affected by e-health literacy, information quality and source credibility.

This research employed a purposive sampling technique. This research also was conducted only in Tangerang Regency and Tangerang City, Indonesia. In order to test the stability of the research findings, future research should be conducted in other contexts.

In order to improve Millennials' online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic, it was essential to educate Millennials on the importance of healthy food consumption during the Covid-19 pandemic and their relationships. It is also important to enrich Millennials' knowledge of reliable and trustworthy online health information sources, such as the DHCM, and the search method. Furthermore, the facilitating conditions of online healthy food information-sharing behaviour should be improved.

It is well known that online healthy food information-sharing behaviour is important during Covid-19 pandemic. However, there is lack of study that specifically focused on Millennials' online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper is the first that develops and tests a model of Millennials' online healthy food information-sharing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic. The model can be used to understand the behaviour and develop intervention strategy.

This study aims to create a system dynamics simulation model to forecast the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) if some decision-making is executed to reduce the negative of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, this study will focus on SMEs that belong to the furniture industry because the furniture industry is one of the leading industries in Indonesia.

The study develops a system dynamics-based model by using three subsystems, i.e. the “production subsystem,” “demand and revenue subsystem” and “raw material (or wood supply) subsystem.”

The best scenario is the third scenario which increases the capacity to the normal situation and government subsidy during and after the pandemic. This scenario gives the best performance for industry revenue and gross domestic product (GDP). However, for the government, the most significant expenditure occurs in the third scenario. This seems a trade-off for the government whether to save the wooden-based furniture industry by encouraging the industry to continue operating during the pandemic accompanied by high subsidies or limiting the activities of the wooden-based furniture industry to prevent the spread of COVID-19 by providing low subsidies.

First, this study does not try to combine the system dynamics (SD) methodology with the other method or use a multi-methodology since SD has several limitations and the other method may have several advantages compared to SD. Second, the models used in this study do not consider the decline in forest area and quality. Third, the demand for wooden-based furniture is obtained from historical data on domestic and foreign sales and fourth, the model does not include the government budget as a constraint to make any subsidy to help the SMEs.

This study provides essential insights into implementing the policies in the world pandemic situation when SMEs face lockdown policy.

The study revealed that relevant policy scenarios could be built after simulating and analyzing each scenario's effect on SMEs' performance during the pandemic.

This study will enrich the previous study on the impact of the pandemic on SMEs and the dynamic system modeling on SMEs. The previous study discussed the pandemic's impact on SME performance and the impact's analysis in isolation from the dynamic nature of SME owners' decisions or government policy. In this study, the impact generated from the pandemic situation could be different depending on the decision and policies taken by managers from SMEs and the government.