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This study aims to investigate how the “cooking holiday” concept can be used by tourism authorities and practitioners and, to that end, proposes a hierarchical framework for improving culinary tourism.

This study adopted the Delphi method to filter and verify the criteria, thereby constructing a hierarchical framework of cooking holidays in Taiwan. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was also applied to calculate the relative weight of each attribute and criterion, thus identifying their degrees of importance.

Four attributes (“local food,” “food trail,” “cooking experience” and “environment and atmosphere”) and 22 criteria were identified to comprise a cooking holiday experience framework. Research findings reveal “cooking experience” as the most crucial of the four attributes identified. Of the more numerous criteria, “ingredients with integrity,” “local features” and “diverse curriculum” were identified as the three most important.

The hierarchical framework of cooking holiday experiences can be used by tourism authorities and practitioners to enhance experiential quality for tourists and promote culinary tourism in Taiwan. According to the research findings, cooking class participants can concentrate on the “cooking experience” while emphasizing “ingredients with integrity,” “local features” and “diverse curricula” in the context of cooking holidays.

This study offers valuable insights and suggests directions for future research on culinary tourism. This study also offers a framework for developing cooking holidays.

本文旨在探究可以如何运用「烹饪假期」之概念, 藉由阶层架构之提出, 藉以提升美食观光。

本文运用德尔菲法筛选与确认台湾烹饪假期阶层架构之指标与建构。并以层级分析法(AHP)估算每一属性与指针之相对权重, 藉以确认相对重要程度。

烹饪假期体验架构系由四个属性（「在地饮食」、「产制体验」、「烹饪体验」与「环境氛围」）与二十二个指标构成。研究发现显示「烹饪体验」在于四个属性之中最为重要。多项指标之中, 「安心食材」「在地特色」与「多元课程」系为最为重要之三个指标。

烹饪假期体验之阶层架构可为观光主管机关与业者运用, 藉以提升游客之体验质量与推广台湾之美食观光。依据研究发现, 烹饪教室参与者可以专注「烹饪体验」, 并且强调「安心食材」、「在地特色」与「多元课程」之要素, 藉以发展烹饪假期。

本文提供具有价值之洞见, 可供美食观光未来研究之参考。本文同时提供一个可以用以发展烹饪假期之架构。

Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar cómo se puede utilizar el concepto de “vacaciones de cocina” al proponer un marco jerárquico para mejorar el turismo culinario.

Este estudio adoptó el método Delphi para filtrar y verificar los criterios y construir el marco jerárquico de las vacaciones de cocina en Taiwán. El proceso analítico jerárquico (AHP) también se aplica para calcular el peso relativo de cada atributo y el criterio para identificar su grado de importancia.

Se identificaron cuatro atributos (“comida local”, “ruta culinaria”, “experiencia culinaria” y “entorno y ambiente”) y 22 criterios para comprender un marco de experiencia de vacaciones culinarias. Los resultados de la investigación revelan que la “experiencia culinaria” es el atributo más relevante de los cuatro identificados. De los criterios más numerosos, “ingredientes con integridad”, “características locales” y “currículum diverso” fueron identificados como los tres más importantes.

El marco jerárquico de la experiencia de las vacaciones de cocina se puede utilizar para que las autoridades y los profesionales del turismo mejoren la calidad de la experiencia de los turistas y promuevan el turismo culinario en Taiwán. Según los resultados de la investigación, los participantes de las clases de cocina pueden concentrarse en la “experiencia de cocina” y enfatizar los elementos de “ingredientes con integridad”, “características locales” y r“currículum diverso” para las vacaciones de cocina.

este estudio ofrece información valiosa, proporciona una referencia para futuras investigaciones sobre turismo culinario. Este estudio también ofrece un marco teórico, que se puede utilizar para desarrollar vacaciones de cocina.

Travel counseling and recommender systems on the Internet have not yet become smart enough to fulfill the elementary functions a fastidious consumer may expect. The EU‐funded project named DieToRecs (http://dietorecs.itc.it/) aims at improving recommender system functionality by incorporating relevant findings from tourist behavior research. The computational intelligence needed to optimize the user‐system encounter greatly depends on how far the user has advanced in his travel decision process. This report elaborates the levels of counseling intelligence, explores the basic marketing paradigm of matching the products/services desired and offered, and ponders on the consequences for devising a recommender or counseling system capable of learning.

All airlines are concerned about their public image and are aware that this is created largely by their standards of personal service. Passenger Services Staff, Air Cabin Crew and Reservations Sales Agents present this service to passengers, face‐to‐face or by telephone. We are concerned with the first of these three groups; staff who assist passengers on the ground, at airports and town terminals. During 1970 and 1971 a working party of training and line managers from several international airlines, including BEA, met at the Air Transport and Travel Industry Training Board to prepare Training Guidance for Passenger Service Staff. These recommendations are now published.

The study aims to carry out predictive modeling based on publicly available COVID-19 data for the duration April 01, 2020 to June 20, 2020 pertaining to India and five of its most infected states: Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, Gujarat and Rajasthan.

The study leverages the susceptible, infected, recovered and dead (SIRD) epidemiological framework for predictive modeling. The basic reproduction number R0 is derived by an exponential growth method using RStudio package R0. The differential equations reflecting the SIRD model have been solved using Python 3.7.4 on the Jupyter Notebook platform. For visualization, Python Matplotlib 3.2.1 package is used.

The study offers insights on peak-date, peak number of COVID-19 infections and end-date pertaining to India and five of its states.

The results subtly indicate toward the amount of effort required to completely eliminate the infection. It could be leveraged by the political leadership and industry doyens for economic policy planning and execution.

The emergence of a clear picture about COVID-19 lifecycle is impossible without integrating data science algorithms and epidemiology theoretical framework. This study amalgamates these two disciplines to undertake predictive modeling based on COVID-19 data from India and five of its states. Population-specific granular and objective assessment of key parameters such as reproduction number (R0), susceptible population (S), effective contact rate (ß) and case-fatality rate (s) have been used to generate a visualization of COVID-19 lifecycle pattern for a critically affected population.

The purpose of this paper is to examine social media adoption models and social media implementation models being used by South African banks when adopting social media marketing. Challenges and opportunities faced are addressed in the paper.

In‐depth interviews were conducted with key informants, which were comprised of five South African social media experts and 28 managements within the banking sector.

Social media is still at its infancy level in South Africa. The ACCESS model and the OASIS model are the most commonly used implementation models in South African banks. Further to that, findings indicate that Facebook and Twitter are the main tools used by banks and they are used for reactive customer service and advertising. Legal and regulatory issues were identified as obstacles to the adoption of social media. All respondents agreed on the need to integrate social media with traditional media. This might be because South African customers are consumers of both the new and traditional media.

The research was limited to South African banks and focused on Facebook, Twitter, MXit, YouTube and Blogs.

The research adds theoretical knowledge on social media adoption models, thus giving a foundation on how other industries can effectively implement social media marketing.

The aim of the autopoietic model of knowledge is to act as a common foundation for KM to overcome the numerous knowledge management failures highlighted by the literature attributed to inaccurate or constantly debated definitions of knowledge. This paper seeks to evaluate such a model.

Participants for this interpretivist evaluation study were selected by convenience sampling. Experts known to the authors were asked to participate, and 12 took part. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted and lasted between 45 to 60 minutes. Member checking was used during the interviews. The data was analysed using the recursive abstraction method.

The study highlighted the complexities of conducting an expert evaluation of a model that was deemed both too high level and too low level by the experts. The study highlighted the challenge of evaluating a model that is theoretically correct, but required acceptance in the knowledge management discipline. The study also showed that the application of autopoiesis to knowledge management has potential, but is still in its infancy.

The main limitation of this study came from the initial autopoietic model of knowledge: most experts found it too difficult to engage with in the time available. The knowledge management foundation aspired to by applying autopoiesis to the domain is hard to achieve as little value was placed on models by some experts.

The evaluation of the autopoietic model of knowledge presented in this paper represents the first expert evaluation of an autopoietic epistemology. The study is an incremental step towards providing a sound conceptual foundation for knowledge management.

This research presents a technology roadmap for social banking in Iran. Technology roadmapping is a tool for decisionmakers to identify, assess and choose between different strategic options to achieve the best technological objectives and help companies and industries to better understand their market and technological choices. As social banking is in its infancy, it could embody different aspects. Therefore, to be successful in field of social banking, banks should define specific capabilities based on their capacities to create their own model. A social banking roadmap provides a comprehensive plan for banks to design products and services based on their capacities and create required programs for their implementation and improvement.

This paper outlines the steps for creating a technology roadmap to develop social banking services of one of Iran’s private banks. Different methods were used to implement each step mainly based on expert panels and carrying out polling and survey research among banking and IT experts.

Technology roadmaps pay special attention to the challenges and the level of capabilities (both technical and social) to develop technologies and services specially for developing countries. The level of capabilities and absorptive capacity will determine the direction of technology development. Hence, banks should design their business plan and roadmap based on their background and capabilities, state of market, their status and goals. Policymakers should help increase cooperation, financial transparency, information and payments security via appropriate legislations.

The number of banks that have entered the social banking field is limited, and as a result, activities that have been carried out in this area in the country are limited too. Therefore, there was limited access to information as well as related studies. This research has tried to extract all the contents of the roadmap. Some sub-topics such as technologies have been dealt with to a lesser depth because of the complexity in identifying and assigning each of technologies to the service features. The technology roadmap experiences in the country are limited, and it was not possible to study the existing roadmaps with regard to their confidentiality. Developing a technology roadmap requires using expert panels and conducting multiple workshops with stakeholders from private sectors, universities and industries. In this research, because of low resources, the panels were confronted with limited continuous attendance as well as the accumulation of different stakeholders.

The research results provided strategies to inform, encourage and finance banks and other businesses to use social networks appropriately and effectively. These strategies can be categorized into the actions banks should take to expand social banking in the country and the actions policymakers should take into account in this regard. They are described as follows. Banks’ strategic actions include: provide training to staff on how employees should interact with customers on social networks encompassing general information and education about services, benefits and how to use social banking services for customers and society; motivate customer participation in social banking networks; convergence and integration of various offline and online channels; focus on core banking to expand competitiveness; pay attention to sustainable and green development in providing social banking services; analysis of the competitive environment in banking and other financial industries; designing a portfolio of social services for customers and allocation of budget and resources for development of social banking services and participation with other institutions and operators in providing financial and non-financial services. Policymakers’ actions include: adopt motivational policies for participation and use of social networks; education and awareness for different stakeholders; review and update the policies and rules of IT and social networks; establish appropriate laws to protect rights of employees and customers; invest in market and university studies on social banking and related services; develop policies for using in-house software and update rules and policies for small- and medium-sized enterprises.

Social banking is in its infancy in Iran and few banks deliver services of social banking in a limited scope. There is no technology roadmap for this purpose in Iran. This research presents a technology roadmap for social banking in Iran (and can be adopted for banks of other developing countries) and gives a comprehensive plan for banks to design products and services based on their capacities and create required programs to implement and improve them. The application of technology roadmapping in the field of social banking is new.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the nature and characteristics of crowd logistics business models. Using this evaluation, a new concept for a sustainable implementation of crowd logistics services is proposed.

The Design Science process was followed to develop the proposed crowd logistics business model concept. The data are derived from expert interviews and a document-based data analysis of 13 companies.

Four relevant steps that companies should follow to implement sustainable crowd logistics services are identified. Open research questions are also identified and guide five research tasks, which may lead to a greater understanding of this emerging field.

The present research is based on data from companies operating in Germany. The holistic approach gives a broad overview but lacks detailed descriptions.

Managers can use the four steps and the crowd logistics business model concept to plan future activities (e.g. new service provision). These steps increase the understanding, awareness and knowledge of opportunities and risks of specific crowd logistics services.

This paper provides initial insights into social changes in terms of drivers for the use of crowd logistics services. However, further research is needed to capture the social implications in detail.

Crowd logistics is an emerging concept, and this paper is one of the first dealing with this topic generally and the first providing an analysis of crowd logistics business models. The developed concept includes implications for practice in the forms of common, and best practices, and science in the form of open research questions and tasks. Overall, the present research provides new insights into this emerging topic.

Expert database system (EDS), which is still in its infancy, is developed and demonstrated for a business function by coupling expert systems (ES) and database systems.

An EDS for inventory management (EDSIM) using the fifth generation artificial intelligence (AI) language, Prolog, is developed. The convergence of logic programming and database techniques is focused in achieving the objective. EDSIM development is based on modular design and integration of several intelligent modules, with own knowledge base and shared dynamic database.

EDSIM developed demonstrates the peculiarities of such an EDS over a system developed using conventional procedural language. It shows that development of such systems has great deployment potential in the next generation enterprise systems where embedded intelligence is inevitable.

Though no attempt is made to demonstrate distributed processing and interaction among various intelligent autonomous modules, an initiative in that direction definitely can kindle reengineering of today's enterprise system.

The language chosen for the development of EDSIM is Turbo Prolog™ and can be easily converted to a program in Visual Prolog™ which is the newer version of Turbo Prolog™. The advantage of such a conversion is that it will enable web readiness of the EDS there by facilitating e‐business in the web environment.

The benefits of the application of EDS, by the integration of ES and database systems in a fifth generation AI language, Prolog, paves way for capturing developments in AI and databases, simultaneously. This technology demonstrator has the potential to bring in an optimal mix of the above technologies in achieving major milestones while reengineering enterprise systems.

Homebuyers' motivation to purchase the green building (GB) is vital for the widespread adoption of greener practices and for tackling the adverse impact of the built environment. In this regard, through the lenses of qualified and competent GB developers (GBD) and real estate agents (REAs) using judgment sampling technique, this paper aims to evaluate the factors stimulating the purchase intention of Malaysian homebuyers.

The study uses the interval-valued fuzzy Delphi method (IVFDM) to identify influential factors, while the cybernetic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (CFAHP) for prioritizing the identified factors according to their significance in nationwide promotion of GBs is utilized.

The findings, which are consistent with those reported in the literature and validated by the focus group, uncover the most prominent factors that drive the purchase intention of GB homebuyers. The results indicate that the homebuyers are familiar with the benefits of GB; however, the benefits are not sufficient to overcome the perceived “high cost” of green practices. Hence, homebuyers still seek financial incentives, which is a clear indication that financial issues are the most motivating factor.

Increase in informative promotion of GB is necessary, particularly among prospective homebuyers in developing countries where GB adoption is in its infancy. Frontline players (those who are responsible for wider promotion) can utilize the factors that this study found to be important to identify appropriate steps to increase prospective homebuyers' motivation for purchasing greener dwellings.

The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, review and identification of the most cited determinants that have been reported in the context of the subject. Second, this paper presents the most significant determinants in a developing country setting through the lenses of Malaysian experts in the area. Third, improvement measures could be implemented in Malaysia and other developing countries to promote the GB paradigm with an aim to make the building environment more sustainable.