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1 – 10 of over 2000Mohammad G. Robbani and Rafiqul Bhuyan
The purpose of this paper is to examine the short‐term reactions of stock prices to the announcement of earnings restatement by the public companies listed in the Toronto stock…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the short‐term reactions of stock prices to the announcement of earnings restatement by the public companies listed in the Toronto stock exchange in Canada.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper conducts an empirical study. For the purpose conducting the empirical study, a standard event study methodology has been utilized to examine the effect of restatement announcements on the stock returns. The dates of the announcement of restatement by each company have been collected and the effect of the announcement has been studied surrounding the announcement dates.
Findings
The results of empirical works indicate that, in general, the financial market reacts negatively to any restatement of earnings. This is evident from the fact that irrespective of the reasons for restatement, all restatements show a negative effect on the stock price. The impact of the restatement announcements is significant for all the prediction intervals. However, the long‐term reaction is more pronounced compared to short‐term reaction. In addition, the negative reaction is much higher for those reasons that are directly related to the earnings management than those that do not involve any active earnings management.
Research limitations/implications
Since the paper investigates only one stock exchange, it may have a limited application in other financial markets. Similar researches can be undertaken for other financial markets different in size, scope or geographical location.
Practical implications
The findings of the paper may have broad implications both for individual investors and corporate executives. The decisions made by executives on restatements affect stock price and hence the investors' rate of return. Since the general effect of such restatement is negative on the stock returns, it may portray a negative perception about the company. Therefore, the paper has implications on the decisions made by both the investors and the corporate executives.
Originality/value
The paper studied the Canadian stock market which was not studied in the past to examine the reactions of restatement.
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Sujie Hu, Yuting Qian and Sumin Hu
The purpose of this study is to explore the economic impact of financial restatements by major customers on the audit opinion of their suppliers, showing that non-financial…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the economic impact of financial restatements by major customers on the audit opinion of their suppliers, showing that non-financial information disclosure potentially helps auditors make better assessments.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of China’s listed firms from 2007 to 2021, the authors aim to find the relationship between customers’ financial restatements and their suppliers’ audit opinions. Heckman selection model, placebo tests and other robustness checks are used as well.
Findings
The findings reveal that customers’ financial restatements have a significant effect on the likelihood of suppliers receiving modified audit opinions. This relationship is pronounced when suppliers face a higher level of financial constraints, exhibit poorer accounting conservatism or receive more negative media coverage. Additionally, this effect occurs through increased business risk and information risk, which heightens auditors’ perceived audit risk. Moreover, the study highlights the influence of switching costs, auditor expertise and restatement severity on this relationship.
Practical implications
Risks originating from customers can spread along the supply chain, emphasizing the necessity for auditors to give heightened attention to both the audited firms and their customer information. Moreover, regulators should carefully consider the important impact of customer information disclosures to maximize the protection of the interests of external information users.
Originality/value
This study not only confirms the crucial role of customer information disclosures in annual reports for stakeholders and auditors but also contributes to the existing literature on customer–supplier relationships.
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Md. Borhan Uddin Bhuiyan and Fawad Ahmad
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of financial restatement on corporate dividend payment. Firms that announce financial restatements rupture their corporate…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of financial restatement on corporate dividend payment. Firms that announce financial restatements rupture their corporate reputation and adversely affect investors’ confidence. Consequently, firms must attempt to regain lost reputation and market confidence.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the US regulatory setting to examine the association between corporate dividend policy and financial restatement over the 2001–2017 financial years.
Findings
The findings evidence a robust positive association between financial restatement and dividend payouts, indicating that firms pay higher dividends following the year of financial restatement. Several sensitivity tests were conducted to confirm the robustness of the findings.
Originality/value
Prior research indicates that corporate dividend payouts enhance a firm’s reputation by reducing information asymmetry and providing a positive signal to investors regarding future financial performance. This study provides valuable evidence that dividend payout can be used as a channel for image restoration by firms with lost reputations because of financial restatement.
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Peng Wu, Lei Gao, Zhibin Chen and Xiao Li
This paper aims to investigate, in China stock market, whether the reputation loss of a firm caused by financial restatements will lead to significant economic consequences such…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate, in China stock market, whether the reputation loss of a firm caused by financial restatements will lead to significant economic consequences such as financial distress and how a firm should respond to such a crisis.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses Chinese A-share listed firms from 2004 to 2013 as research samples to test research hypotheses using regression analyses.
Findings
This paper finds a significant relationship between restatements and financial distress, and such a relationship will be affected by both the type and the magnitude of restatements. More importantly, we find joint effects of restatements and state ownership on financial distress, which provides a unique contribution to the extant literature in restatement, financial distress and crisis management using Chinese stock markets data. It shows that ownership structure, affecting the firm reputation and crisis responses strategies, plays a significant role in consequences of restatements, and it is more important for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to undertake an appropriate crisis response strategy to reduce the negative impact of restatements.
Practical implications
The results suggest that the damage to a firm’s reputation caused by restatements is affected by restatement type and state ownership. To reduce the negative consequences and avoid financial distress, firms should consider both the restatement type and their firm characteristics when deciding different actions to respond to restatements. In particular, SOEs should act in a more timely manner and take reputation-rebuilding actions such as taking the responsibility and making apologies and taking prompt remedial actions after restatements to regain the public trust and avoid more serious economic consequences. The Chinese government should strengthen their supervisions of SOEs and put more effort to help SOEs reduce administrative procedures, and to improve the efficiency of the implementation of recovery plans after restatements to reinstate firm credibility.
Originality/value
First, this paper is among the first to link financial restatement, including the type and magnitude of restatements, with financial distress, and the authors find a significant relationship between restatement type and financial distress in China stock markets. Second, this paper is the first to examine whether there is a joint effect of state ownership and restatements on financial distress. Third, this study examines how the magnitude and pervasiveness of restatements influence financial distress and find that both result in an increase of financial distress. Finally, this paper is among the first to connect crisis management and accounting literature to explain how a reputation loss caused by financial restatement may damage a firm’s value and subsequent performance, and based on which to suggest crisis-responses strategies.
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João L.F.R. Fragoso, Rúben M.T. Peixinho, Luís M.S. Coelho and Inna C.S. Paiva
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most relevant issues related to the impact of financial restatements in the dynamics of financial markets and identify several research…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most relevant issues related to the impact of financial restatements in the dynamics of financial markets and identify several research gaps to be investigated in future research.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology is based on a systematic review of the literature described by Tranfield et al. (2003). The final sample includes 47 academic papers published from 1996 to 2019.
Findings
Papers in this domain discuss three main topics: how the market prices the announcement of a financial restatement; how financial restatements affect the announcing firm’s cost of capital and how financial restatements affect firms’ reputation. There are several issues to explore in future research, including whether financial restatements affect the dynamics of financial markets in Europe, whether the market fully and promptly assimilates the information content of a restatement, the role of financial analysts’ information disclosures in this process or how regulators may improve the way they provide investors with timely information about firms’ restating problems.
Research limitations/implications
There is always some degree of subjectivity in the definition of the keywords, search strings and selection criteria in a systematic review. These are all important aspects, as they delimitate the scope of the study and define the sample of papers to be reviewed.
Practical implications
The answers to the research questions identified in this paper may provide regulators with information to improve financial accounting and reporting standards and strengthen investors’ confidence in accounting information and the dynamics of financial markets.
Originality/value
This paper systematically reviews the relevant literature exploring the connection between financial restatements and the dynamics of financial markets. It contributes to the academic community by identifying several research questions that may impact the theory and practice related to accounting quality and capital markets.
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Kevin T. Rich and Jean X. Zhang
We investigate whether municipal financial manager turnover is associated with accounting restatements. This analysis is motivated by the notion that suspect financial reporting…
Abstract
We investigate whether municipal financial manager turnover is associated with accounting restatements. This analysis is motivated by the notion that suspect financial reporting could limit the ability of stakeholders to assess the use of public resources (GASB, 2006). The evidence suggests that municipalities disclosing accounting restatements are more likely to see changes in the top financial manager position than a control sample of non-restatement municipalities. Overall, our findings are consistent with associations between financial reporting quality and the labor market for municipal financial managers, and imply that governments should consider adding the prevalence of accounting failures as an input in the evaluation of top financial managers.
Azam Eshagniya and Mahdi Salehi
This paper aims to examine the effect of financial restatement on changing the auditor in the following years.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the effect of financial restatement on changing the auditor in the following years.
Design/methodology/approach
The study uses data of 105 companies (735 company-years) listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange collected during the period 2008-2014. Logistic regression is used to test the hypotheses.
Findings
The results of hypotheses present that restatement does not cause auditor changes and that as the severity of a restatement increases, the auditor change in the following year of restatement also does not increase. Restating companies having strong governance do not go for auditor changes as compared with other companies. In addition, in companies that are restating, non-big auditor changes are not more likely than a big auditor. Also, in companies restating simultaneous with a CEO turnover, there is no possibility of auditor change. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression showed that the adjustments resulting from the correction of errors and changes in procedures and the amount of adjustments do not cause auditor change in the following year. So, the results have shown that the restatement is not an important factor in changing auditor the next year.
Originality/value
The current study analyses the impact of financial restatement on auditor changes in a deep manner in a developing country like Iran.
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Yuedong Li, Xianbing Liu and Qing Yan
The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether top management will assume their liabilities especially when financial restatement occurs, and,based on the “effective supervision…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether top management will assume their liabilities especially when financial restatement occurs, and,based on the “effective supervision theory” and “strategic cooperation theory,” to examine whether an institutional investor is a supervisor or a cooperator considering the management turnover caused by financial restatement in the companies.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample of the A-share-listed companies from year 2010 to year 2014 and dividing financial restatement into fraudulent financial restatement and other financial restatement, the authors examine the relationship between financial restatement and abnormal management turnover, which usually is related to the management integrity or capacity. By using group test methods, the authors test the influence of the institutional investors’ shareholding on the relation between financial restatements and management turnover.
Findings
This paper finds that financial restatement can result in abnormal management turnover, especially the fraudulent financial restatement. The institutional investors usually are supervisors but when the shareholding of institutional investor is too high and the management turnover results from fraudulent financial restatement, the institutional investors may become cooperators with management in the companies. Besides, the institutional investors play the supervisory function more significantly in non-state-owned enterprises.
Originality/value
This paper expands literature of the institutional investors in the corporate governance area and provides a basis for future research in the area of the institutional investors’ governance effect. It divides financial restatements into fraudulent financial restatement and other financial restatement and examines the relationship between financial restatement and abnormal management turnover so as to provide evidence about whether the management will assume their responsibilities when there is financial restatement in the company. It also tests whether the institutional investors will play supervisor’s or cooperator’s function in state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises.
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Ameen Qasem, Norhani Aripin and Wan Nordin Wan-Hussin
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of financial restatements on the sell-side analysts' stock recommendations.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of financial restatements on the sell-side analysts' stock recommendations.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample of this study is based on a dataset from a panel of 246 Malaysian public listed companies for the period 2008 to 2013 (651 company-year observations). This study employs feasible generalized least squares regression.
Findings
This study finds a negative and significant relationship between restated companies and sell-side analysts' stock recommendations, which means that sell-side analysts issue less favorable stock recommendations for restated companies.
Practical implications
The findings based on observations from an emerging economy complement the results of the US studies that analysts revise their earnings forecasts or recommendations downwards or drop coverage following financial restatements. The results of this study should be useful to capital market participants in understanding how analysts perceive and evaluate restated companies.
Originality/value
This paper expands the literature on financial restatements consequences in an emerging market which is largely unstudied. Prior research on analyst behavior towards restatements has focused on the consequences of restatements in terms of analyst following and forecast accuracy and dispersion. This study examines if and how the restatements affect the analysts' final output as reflected in the recommendation opinion, an area that has so far received little attention.
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Shamsul Nahar Abdullah, Nor Zalina Mohamad Yusof and Mohamad Naimi Mohamad Nor
This paper seeks to examine the effects of Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance on the nature of financial restatements in Malaysia and whether corporate governance…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper seeks to examine the effects of Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance on the nature of financial restatements in Malaysia and whether corporate governance characteristics are associated with financial restatements.
Design/methodology/approach
Data for this paper are obtained from annual reports that had been restated for the period of 2002‐2005 with firm‐years being the unit of observation. A control group comprising non‐restating firms is formed using match‐pair procedures where restated and non‐restated firms are matched by size, industry, exchange board classification, and financial year end. The data are subsequently analyzed using a t‐test, the Pearson correlation and logistic regression.
Findings
The results show that the primary reason for misstating the accounts is to inflate earnings. The nomination committee of the firms that restated is found to be less independent with higher managerial ownership. The logistic regression analysis indicates that the extent of ownership by outside blockholders deters firms from misstating accounts. Surprisingly, audit committee independence is associated with the likelihood of financial misstatement. Financial restatements, nevertheless, are not found to be associated with board independence, managerial ownership, and CEO duality. Finally, the results show that firms with high level of debts are more likely to commit in financial misstatement.
Practical implications
The research is significant as it provides evidence on the role of corporate governance, especially the independence of the nomination committee and extent of ownership by outside blockholders in Malaysia. It shows that outside blockholders is effective in disciplining managers so that the accounts so prepared are not misleading. The move in 2007 by the Malaysian Government to require companies audit committee to be composed of only independent and non‐executive directors, as well as requiring audit committee members to be financially literate, should be seen as important in ensuring the effectiveness of the audit committee.
Originality/value
This research is considered as the first study which examines the effects of corporate governance variables on the incidents of financial restatements in a developing country. The findings of this paper would be useful for policy makers in evaluating the importance of corporate governance in emerging countries, specifically on the issue of quality financial reporting.
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