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The composition of author teams is a significant factor affecting the novelty of academic papers. Existing research lacks studies focusing on institutional types and measures of novelty remained at a general level, making it difficult to analyse the types of novelty in papers and to provide a detailed explanation of novelty. This study aims to take the field of natural language processing (NLP) as an example to analyse the relationship between team institutional composition and the fine-grained novelty of academic papers.

Firstly, author teams are categorized into three types: academic institutions, industrial institutions and mixed academic and industrial institutions. Next, the authors extract four types of entities from the full paper: methods, data sets, tools and metric. The novelty of papers is evaluated using entity combination measurement methods. Additionally, pairwise combinations of different types of fine-grained entities are analysed to assess their contributions to novel papers.

The results of the study found that in the field of NLP, for industrial institutions, collaboration with academic institutions has a higher probability of producing novel papers. From the contribution rate of different types of fine-grained knowledge entities, the mixed academic and industrial institutions pay more attention to the novelty of the combination of method indicators, and the industrial institutions pay more attention to the novelty of the combination of method tools.

This paper explores the relationship between the team institutional composition and the novelty of academic papers and reveals the importance of cooperation between industry and academia through fine-grained novelty measurement, which provides key guidance for improving the quality of papers and promoting industry–university–research cooperation.

This study aims to examine the influence of Audit Committee (AC) composition on Firm Performance (FP) by measuring AC composition (ACC) with a composite score based on the varying effect of each composition-characteristic.

Partial Least Squares- Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique is used to weigh ACC characteristics. Based on 133 companies and covering five years from 2016 to 2020, the study analyses data after controlling endogeneity through the Gaussian Copula approach.

We find a significant positive influence of ACC on Firm Performance. Among the ACC characteristics, the absence of executive directors has the highest positive weight on ACC to influence FP, followed by AC size and Gender diversity. AC independence and members' accounting and financial expertise have no significant weight on its composition.

Apart from the theoretical contribution, the study reveals that each ACC characteristic has a varying effect on AC effectiveness to influence the FP that needs to be considered by regulators while framing regulations on ACC and by BOD while constituting AC for a company.

The study claims originality by being pioneering to reveal that AC composition, with a synergy of its disparate characteristics, positively impacts FP. It highlights that the absence of executive directors and gender diversity in AC (characteristics overlooked by the extant literature) significantly and positively influence FP. Methodologically, it introduces the use of the PLS-SEM algorithm to weigh the characteristics in governance studies. Further, these findings remain relevant amid recent Indian legal reforms, offering contemporary insights for policy consideration.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of gender composition in the workplace on employee job satisfaction and commitment.

The data were collected on both the organizational and employee levels at three different points in time in organizations with more than 70 employees. Multi-level mixed-effects ordered logistics regressions were used to account for the multi-level nature of the data and the ordered nature of the dependent variables.

Employees in gender-balanced workplaces show higher levels of job satisfaction and commitment than those in female-dominated or male-dominated workplaces. The relationship is also based on the gender of the individual, as men show a significantly lower level of both job satisfaction and commitment when working in male-dominated workplaces than others, while for women, the effect is only significant for commitment.

Aiming for a balance in the gender composition of the workplace may improve employee attitudes, especially for men. The results also indicate that further research is warranted into why job satisfaction and commitment are significantly lower among men in male-dominated workplaces.

The relationship between gender and job satisfaction and commitment is well established, but less is known about the effects of gender composition on job satisfaction and commitment. Previous papers have focused on job satisfaction. This paper extends prior studies by estimating the effects of gender composition on both job satisfaction and commitment using multi-level regressions on a rich dataset.

This study aims to investigate the effect of incorporating cobalt (Co) into Sn-58Bi alloy on its phase composition, tensile properties, hardness and thermal aging performances. The fracture morphologies of tensile-tested solders are also investigated to correlate the microstructural changes with tensile properties of the solder alloys. Then, the thermal aging performances of the solder alloys are investigated in terms of their intermetallic compound (IMC) layer morphology and thickness.

The Sn-58Bi and Sn-58Bi-xCo, where x = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Wt.%, were prepared using the flux doping technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to study the phase composition of the solder alloys, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are used to investigate the microstructure, fractography and compositions of the solders. Tensile properties such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), Young’s modulus and elongation are tested using the tensile test, whereas the microhardness value is gained from the micro-Vickers hardness test. The morphology and thickness of the IMC layer at the solder’s joints are investigated by varying the thermally aging duration up to 56 days at 80°C.

XRD analysis shows the presence of Co₃Sn₂ phase and confirms that Co was successfully incorporated via the flux doping technique. The microstructure of all Sn-58Bi-xCo solders did not differ significantly from Sn-58Bi solders. Sn-58Bi-2.0Co solder exhibited optimum properties among all compositions, with the highest UTS (87.89 ± 2.55 MPa) at 0.01 s⁻¹ strain rate and the lowest IMC layer thickness at the interface after being thermally aged for 56 days (3.84 ± 0.67 µm).

The originality and value of this research lie in its novel exploration of the flux doping technique to introduce minor alloying of Co into Sn-58Bi solder alloys, providing new insights into enhancing the properties and performance of these solders. This new Sn-Bi-Co alloy has the potential to replace lead-containing solder alloy in low-temperature soldering.

The purpose of this study was to the low-temperature synthesis of cobalt-containing diopside pigments based on granulated blast furnace slag and to study the characteristics of the mineral formation processes, changes in the structure and colour indices.

Synthesis of cobalt-containing diopside pigments based was carried out by the directional formation of the mineralogical composition with the introduction of part of the components using granulated blast-furnace slag.

It has been established that the formation of the diopside phase in pigments containing blast-furnace slag as the main component proceeds at low temperatures (1,100°C–1,150 °C). The colour of diopside pigments is formed because of the isomorphic substitution of Si4+ ions for Al3+ ions and Mg2+ ions for Co2+ ions. It is expedient to add CoO in an amount of 0.9 mol (18 Wt.%) into the composition of diopside pigments based on blast-furnace slag to obtain defect-free violet glazes.

The developed diopside pigments enable obtaining of high-quality violet glazes for ceramics. The application of the obtained results can significantly reduce the consumption of traditional raw materials in the composition of silicate ceramic pigments, as well as reduce their firing temperature.

Calcium, magnesium and silicon oxides are the main components of blast-furnace slag. In addition, granulated blast furnace slag is mainly represented by the glassy phase, which determines its high activity during the firing process. These factors are prerequisites for using the blast-furnace slag as a valuable substitute for chemically pure or natural raw materials in silicate pigments and reducing their firing temperature.

Prior research reveals that teachers have lower job satisfaction when they have more Black students, but this work does not consider how different aspects of work conditions – and the increasing diversity of students beyond a Black/White binary – may matter. This study aims to examine the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of work conditions and the racial/ethnic compositions of the classes they teach.

This study leverages data from the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) study. Analyses consist of both descriptive statistics and multilevel regression modeling.

Findings show that teachers’ satisfaction with working conditions varies in relation to the racial/ethnic composition of their students. Increase in the percent of Black, Latinx and Asian American students in a teacher’s classroom, was associated with a decrease in satisfaction with community involvement and student behavior. For increase in Latinx and Asian American students, this study finds significant decrease in satisfaction with measures of pedagogical and job support. For measures of school leadership and responsiveness to professional development needs, this study sees no significant relationship, which suggests that perceptions of some working conditions are more strongly tied to classroom demographics than others.

This work adds nuance to previous research on teacher job satisfaction by exploring satisfaction with various working conditions and how it varies in relation to classroom racial composition. This study concludes with a discussion of potential explanations for observed differences in teacher satisfaction, as well as potential ways to address these differences.

The purpose of the study is to analyse the influence of board composition and ownership structure on the dividend pay-out policy of selected listed Indian companies.

The top 30 companies listed on National Stock Exchange were examined for a period of three financial years from 2019 to 2021. Due to the cross-sectional and time-series character of the data, fixed effect panel model is used as the primary analytical approach.

The results revealed that there is a significant and positive association between board size and dividend policy. The results confirm that the firms with higher Indian ownership and non-institutional ownership distribute higher levels of dividend. No significant association was found between board independence and dividend decisions of ratios. Finally, it is observed that there is a positive impact of return on assets on dividend policy.

Future studies can confirm the impact of ownership determinants and board characteristics on dividend distribution policy by taking stock dividends into account and enlarging the sample size of developing market businesses. They can also investigate ownership factors including management ownership and international ownership, in addition to other board attributes like qualification, tenure and age. This will offer a more thorough comprehension of how these variables relate to dividend policy.

Because they are better able to assess the financial position and make educated judgments, a diverse and independent board of directors may result in more strategic and cautious dividend policies. The dividend policy of a firm is also influenced by its ownership structure and strategic objectives; small or primary shareholders may exert pressure for larger payments. By focusing on long-term strategic goals rather than immediate requirements, managers may guarantee that interests are aligned. The findings of this study offer significant guidance to management and regulators about the dividend policy of publicly listed corporations.

According to agency theory, the link between ownership structure, board composition and dividend policy may be explained by agency conflicts. Independent directors are necessary for the board to make decisions that effectively balance the interests of management and shareholders, particularly when it comes to paying dividends. According to studies, companies with non-executive directors have greater interest alignment and fewer agency issues. In addition, the ownership structure and makeup of the board are important factors in lowering agency conflicts and enhancing corporate governance procedures. Companies may improve their governance procedures and increase value for shareholders by resolving conflicts of interest.

The research paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by analysing and uncovering significant and unknown relationship between board composition, ownership structure and dividend policy. The paper explores the relationship between specific ownership structures and dividend policy in context of a developing country where limited research exists and addresses a research question that has not been extensively studied before.

This paper aims to systematically study the effects of reflow temperature and SAC0307 (SAC) content on the micromorphology and mechanical properties of Sn58Bi-xSAC0307 composite solder joints to meet the requirements of high integration and low-temperature packaging of devices and provide references for the application of composite solder joints.

Sn58Bi and SAC0307 solder paste was mechanically mixed in different proportions to prepare Sn58Bi-xSAC0307/ENIG solder joints. The thermal properties, microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite solder joints were studied.

As SAC content in the solder increases, the balling temperature of SnBi-SAC solder gradually increases. The addition of SAC alloy reduces the grain size of large Bi-rich phase, and there are small-sized dispersed Bi and Ag3Sn particles in the bulk solder. The intermetallic compounds composition of the SnBi-xSAC/ENIG solder joint changes from Ni3Sn4 to (Ni, Cu)3Sn4 and (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 with SAC increasing. As the soldering temperature increases, the strength of all solder joints shows a rising trend. Among them, the shear strength of SnBi-20SAC solder joints at a reflow temperature of 150°C is approximately 37 MPa. As the reflow temperature increases to 250°C, the shear strength of solder joints increases to approximately 67 MPa.

This study provides a reference for the optimization of low-temperature solder composition and soldering process under different package designs.

The effects of board composition on performance have long been discussed in management research using fractionalization measures. In this study, we propose an alternative measurement approach based on board polarization.

Using an exploratory analysis and applying the polarization measure to German Deutscher Aktienindex (DAX)-, Midcap-DAX (MDAX)- and Small Cap-Index (SDAX)-listed companies, this paper applies the polarization index to examine the relationship between board diversity and performance.

The results show that the polarization concept is well suited to measure principal-agent problems between the members of the management and supervisory boards. We reveal that board polarization is negatively associated with firm performance, as measured by return on investment (ROI).

This exploratory study shows that the measurement of board polarization can be linked to performance differences between companies, which offers promising starting points for further research.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social movements engendered by the Arab Spring crisis on the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) and corporate governance attributes, particularly board composition, considering the importance of governance after the Arab Spring event.

Content analysis was used to examine the extent and nature of CSRD in annual reports of Jordanian companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange covering the period 2009–2016. A dynamic regression model using panel data is then undertaken for a sample of 114 listed companies over the period to analyse the potential impact of board composition on the level of CSRD.

The results reveal that there was a significant increase in the level of CSRD post-the Arab Spring crisis; and that governance appears to be a key driver. Specifically, board age, directors educated in business and/or accounting-related fields and foreign members are found to have a significant positive relationship with CSRD.

Looking at the Arab region pre- and after the Arab Spring helps to complete the global picture of how company governance can lead to improved CSR performance. Specifically, this region has been behind in developing rules and codes that include CSR. The results show that having a diverse board, with directors with expertise specific to the context, increases the effectiveness of stakeholder management through CSRD. The results, therefore, offer valuable insights for companies, policymakers and for the development of regulations.