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Mathematical models have been constructed to aid in the understanding of the pharmacokinetics of different drugs. Gives a mathematical analysis of the courses over time of absorption, distribution and elimination of a drug in a six‐compartment linear mammillary model. A mammillary model is a compartmental model in which a central compartment (the udder of a cow) is related to all other compartments, but there are no relations between the latter. This linear mammillary model can be used to study the kinetics of protein metabolism in the organism. An optimization method (ALIENOR) is used which reduces the unknown parameters involved to a single variable. Thus, the problem requires the global minimum of a function of a single variable. The results obtained with the method described are compared with those obtained with the generalized least‐squares method.

Compartmental models allow us to visualise the behaviour of phenomena and simplify the formulation of some equations related to such systems. Mammillary systems are among the most interesting in pharmacokinetics. In the present study, a five compartment linear mammillary model is considered in which the central compartment 1 is connected reversibly to all other compartments, and elimination occurs from compartment 1. A reidentification of different distribution rate constants is made, with concentrations of drug in central compartment at different times of observation being known. In order to rninimise the difference between the set of given concentrations of drug and the calculated values of concentrations, an optimisation method is used which reduces the unknown parameters involved, to a single variable. Thus, the problem requires a global minimum of a function of single variable. The results obtained with present method are compared with those obtained by the generalised least squares method.

The problems of absorption and elimination by an organism through its natural processes are in reality quite complicated, and can be analysed more easily in terms of general compartment theory. In the present study a six‐compartment model is considered in order to study the kinetics of a 14C‐labelled glucose. For identification purposes an optimisation method isu sed based on the properties of an Archimedes spiral, to transform the unknown parameters involved in δ, the deviation of the drug concentrations from the observed concentration, into a single variable. The solution thus requires the global minimum of a function of a single variable. The results obtained are compared with those obtained with the generalised least squares method.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the introduction of simple assembly line balancing problems (SALBPs) under four joint combinations of two learning effects and two deterioration effects.

In this paper, effects of learning and deterioration are considered simultaneously. By the effects of learning and deterioration, it is meant that the task time of a task is defined by increasing function of its execution start time and position in the sequence.

It was shown that polynomial solutions can be obtained for SALBP under four joint combinations of two learning effects and two deterioration effects. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the adaptations of the proposed models by using known ALB problem.

In this paper, SALBPs were introduced under four joint combinations of two learning effects and two deterioration effects. Position dependent learning effect and time dependent learning effect were considered for learning effect when linear deterioration effect and non‐linear deterioration effect were taken up.

The purpose of this research is to conduct a literature review on the evolution, antecedents, and outcomes of luxury consumption (LC). To accomplish our goal, we used a combination of bibliometrics and systematic approaches to review 165 articles published between 1998 and 2019. The investigation revealed that the evolution of LC is mostly driven by consumer motivation and is influenced by cultural and psychological variables. Furthermore, we explored the aforementioned antecedents of LC along four major axes. Antecedents related to (1) individual characteristics, (2) brand components, (3) cultural and social values, and (4) organizational strategies. Furthermore, based on the outcomes of LC, we found two categories (individual traits and social values). The chapter concludes by proposing a broader research agenda for the future.

Sarcasm is a sentiment in which human beings convey messages with the opposite meanings to hurt someone emotionally or condemn something in a witty manner. The difference between the text's literal and its intended meaning makes it tough to identify. Mostly, researchers and practitioners only consider explicit information for text classification; however, considering implicit with explicit information will enhance the classifier's accuracy. Several sarcasm detection studies focus on syntactic, lexical or pragmatic features that are uttered using words, emoticons and exclamation marks. Discrete models, which are utilized by many existing works, require manual features that are costly to uncover.

In this research, word embeddings used for feature extraction are combined with context-aware language models to provide automatic feature engineering capabilities as well superior classification performance as compared to baseline models. Performance of the proposed models has been shown on three benchmark datasets over different evaluation metrics namely misclassification rate, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC).

Experimental results suggest that FastText word embedding technique with BERT language model gives higher accuracy and helps to identify the sarcastic textual element correctly.

Sarcasm detection is a sub-task of sentiment analysis. To help in appropriate data-driven decision-making, the sentiment of the text that gets reversed due to sarcasm needs to be detected properly. In online social environments, it is critical for businesses and individuals to detect the correct sentiment polarity. This will aid in the right selling and buying of products and/or services, leading to higher sales and better market share for businesses, and meeting the quality requirements of customers.

The ownership structure of a corporation can alleviate the agency problem that arises between shareholders and managers of a corporation, which implies that the ownership composition of a firm may infl uence the level of voluntary disclosure. This study investigates whether the ownership structure of U. S. based multinational corporations affects the managerial decision to voluntarily disclose quarterly foreign segment data. The empirical results show that the three ownership variables of interest, institutional stock ownership, managerial stock ownership and outside blockholder stock ownership are inversely related to the level of voluntary disclosure of quarterly foreign segment data. Therefore, it is inferred that an increase in the proportion of outstanding common stock held by these ownership groups is accompanied by a decrease in the probability that a U.S. multinational firm voluntarily discloses quarterly foreign segment data.

Purpose – In this chapter, I present a systematic discussion of the relationship between social work (SW) and library and information science (LIS) and explore how SW can contribute to the education of LIS practitioners so that they become more than information facilitators and grow professionally to be true agents of change.

Design/Methodology/Approach – Using engagement with immigrant communities as a case in point and building on the empirical comparative study of public librarians in the Greater Toronto Area and New York City, I outline the current gaps and deficiencies of LIS curricula that can be rectified through blended education. I also integrate the potential contributions of SW into LIS through the case study of an immigrant member of a library community.

Findings – Building on the case study, I introduce a four-tiered model that can be applied to a wide array of courses in LIS programs and conclude with suggestions for taking steps toward blending SW perspectives into the LIS curriculum.

Originality/Value – I position the potential fusion of SW and LIS as “professional blendedness,” which serves as a catalyst for change, and also examine the concept of the blended professional as a change agent. I introduce the rationale for adopting theoretical, practical, and pedagogical approaches from SW in the field of LIS and focus on four specific contributions that can most benefit LIS:

• the person-in-environment approach;

• the strengths perspective and empowerment;

• the interrelated notions of cultural competence, diversity, and intersectionality; and

• the theory-mindedness approach (including theory and practice models).

the person-in-environment approach;

the strengths perspective and empowerment;

the interrelated notions of cultural competence, diversity, and intersectionality; and

the theory-mindedness approach (including theory and practice models).

Prior research has tended to view cross-country distance as an obstacle. Yet, differences across countries are a key reason for firms to internationalize. To address this discrepancy, this paper puts forward a unifying framework which (1) synthesizes and delineates the different types of cross-country distance, (2) provides a logic for analyzing cross-level influences of distance on internationalization decisions, and (3) highlights the opportunities brought about by distance. The paper argues that firms are more likely to be able to realize these opportunities when they have internationally experienced managers and diverse, well-functioning top management teams at the helm. The paper also highlights the complex influences of distance, calling for the use of cognitive and behavioral research methodologies to further our understanding of the role of distance in internationalization. An illustrative example of Vodafone Group PLC is included.