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Article
Publication date: 16 March 2011

B. Ślusarek and M. Przybylski

The paper deals with methods of tailoring magnetic properties of soft and hard magnetic composites. Comparison of magnetic properties of injection moulding and compression…

Abstract

The paper deals with methods of tailoring magnetic properties of soft and hard magnetic composites. Comparison of magnetic properties of injection moulding and compression moulding Nd-Fe-B magnets are presented. Magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B bonded magnets were tailored by different ways such as: amount of resin, addition of barium ferrite, Al or Fe powders. Influence of technological parameters such as compression pressure, time and temperature of curing on magnetic parameters of Nd-Fe-B bonded magnets are presented in the paper. Magnetic properties of soft magnetic composites made of Fe, Ni, Co are presented in the paper. Influence of technological parameters such as compression pressure, time and temperature of curing on magnetic parameters of iron soft magnetic composites are presented also in the paper.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 8 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 24 June 2019

Mariusz Najgebauer, Jan Szczyglowski, Barbara Slusarek and Marek Przybylski

The purpose of this paper is to examine scaling algorithms in the description and modelling of power loss in soft magnetic composites (SMCs).

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine scaling algorithms in the description and modelling of power loss in soft magnetic composites (SMCs).

Design/methodology/approach

Three scaling algorithms are examined to determine the most appropriate description of power loss in magnetic composites. The scaling coefficients are estimated in such a way that all measurement data should be collapsed onto a single curve, given in the scaled coordinates. The coefficient estimation is based on a non-linear optimization using the generalized reduced gradient method. The obtained formulae are then used in the power loss modelling.

Findings

It is revealed that only two-component formulae are suitable for the scaling analysis of power loss because these allow obtaining of the collapse of measurement data.

Research limitations/implications

This study considers just one type of SMC (Somaloy 700). Further research will be devoted to the verification of the scaling approach to the power loss modelling for other types of magnetic composites.

Practical implications

The power loss is a basic property of soft magnetic materials, which determines their practical applications. The scaling approach to the power loss modelling gives quite simple models that require a reduced number of measurement data to estimate coefficients.

Originality/value

The scaling algorithms can be a useful tool in the analysis and designing of magnetic circuits made of SMCs.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 38 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 2001

S. Clénet, J. Cros, F. Piriou, P. Viarouge and L.P. Lefebvre

This paper presents the development of a procedure for the determination of the local magnetic loss distribution in transformer cores. An efficient identification method of the…

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a procedure for the determination of the local magnetic loss distribution in transformer cores. An efficient identification method of the parameters of the Jiles‐Atherton model is first described. This method uses nonlinear optimization techniques and several experimental loops with different magnitudes, or measurements obtained with a low frequency supply signal, for a precise determination of the hysteresis model parameters. It is validated by the identification of two different kinds of magnetic materials: a standard laminated material made of 1008 steel and a soft magnetic composite Atomet‐EM1. The implementation of the hysteresis Jiles‐Atherton model in a 2D field calculation tool is detailed. The field calculation procedure is illustrated by two application examples involving single phase tranformers with cores made of the soft magnetic composite Atomet‐EM1.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 20 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 24 July 2019

Naoya Watanabe, Yasuhito Takahashi and Koji Fujiwara

This paper aims to propose an effective modeling method of dynamic hysteresis properties for soft magnetic composite (SMC) core using an equivalent circuit representation. Because…

98

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to propose an effective modeling method of dynamic hysteresis properties for soft magnetic composite (SMC) core using an equivalent circuit representation. Because the eddy currents flowing inside iron powder particles should be considered, it is well known that an accurate magnetic field analysis of the SMC core in a wide range of excitation frequency is not easy. To overcome this difficulty, a dynamic hysteresis modeling based on the standard Cauer circuit is investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

In the proposed method, the first inductance represents the static magnetic property of the SMC, and the latter part represents the dynamic effect because of the eddy currents. The values of the circuit elements were determined by an optimization method based on symmetric loops measured at several frequencies. To verify the validity of the proposed modeling method, finite-element analyses of a ring core inductor and an alternating current reactor were performed.

Findings

By comparing the simulated and measured magnetic properties, the necessity to consider magnetic hysteresis in the equivalent circuit model is clarified. Furthermore, the frequency-dependent inductances of practical reactors can be obtained from the finite-element analysis combined with the proposed method.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates the significance of determining the circuit parameters in the equivalent circuit for dynamic hysteresis modeling based on the measured magnetic properties. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing frequency-dependent inductances of two kinds of reactors between the simulation and measurement.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering , vol. 38 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 7 January 2020

Kirill Bolotin, Evgeniy Leonidovich Shvidkii, Igor Sokolov and Sergey Alekseevich Bychkov

The purpose of this paper is to search optimal shape of soft magnetic composite-based inserts used to compensate the working gap between the liquid metal and the induction stirrer…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to search optimal shape of soft magnetic composite-based inserts used to compensate the working gap between the liquid metal and the induction stirrer in metallurgical installations.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was based on numerical simulation of electromagnetic processes in frequency domain. To optimize inserts shape, the Nelder–Mead method was used. The maximum of integral electrodynamic force along x-axis was chosen as the objective function. All simulations were performed in finite element software package Comsol Multiphysics.

Findings

Optimal inserts shape was determined, at which the value of integral electrodynamic force along x-axis increased by 20% from 692  to 792 N.

Originality/value

Magnetic concentrators based on soft magnetic composite materials have long been used in high-frequency systems; at the same time, their use in low-frequency systems has not been previously considered in detail. The study of the shape effect of concentrators on the effectiveness of electromagnetic field in a liquid metal in a three-dimensional formulation was carried out for the first time.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering , vol. 39 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2006

Bogomir Zidarič, Mykhaylo Zagirnyak, Konrad Lenasi and Damijan Miljavec

To analyze the Jiles and Atherton hysteresis model used for hysteresis losses estimation in soft magnetic composite (SMC) material.

Abstract

Purpose

To analyze the Jiles and Atherton hysteresis model used for hysteresis losses estimation in soft magnetic composite (SMC) material.

Design/methodology/approach

The Jiles and Atherton hysteresis model parameters are optimized with genetic algorithms (GAs) according to measured symmetric hysteresis loop of soft magnetic composite material. To overcome the uncertainty, finding the best‐optimized parameters in a wide predefined searching area is done with the proposed new approach. These parameters are then used to calculate the hysteresis losses for the modeled hysteresis. The asymmetric hysteresis loops are also investigated.

Findings

The classical GAs are good optimization methods when a pre‐defined possible set of solutions is known. If no assumption on solutions is present and a wide searching area range for parameter estimation is selected then the use of the new approach with nested GAs gives good results for symmetric hysteresis loops and further for the estimation of hysteresis losses.

Research limitations/implications

The use of the Jiles and Atherton hysteresis model for asymmetric hysteresis must be explored further. Only one set of optimized Jiles and Atherton hysteresis model parameters used for estimation of hysteresis losses gives good results for only symmetric hysteresis loops. These parameters have limitations for asymmetric hysteresis loops.

Practical implications

Nested GAs are a useful method for optimization when a wide searching area is used.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper is in the establishment of nested GAs and their application in Jiles and Atherton hysteresis model parameters optimization. Also, original is the use of the Jiles and Atherton hysteresis model for hysteresis loop description of softmagnetic composite material.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 25 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 5 May 2015

Barbara Ślusarek, Jan Szczyglowski, Krzysztof Chwastek and Bartosz Jankowski

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between processing conditions and magnetic properties of cores made of Soft Magnetic Composite (SMC) Somaloy 500.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between processing conditions and magnetic properties of cores made of Soft Magnetic Composite (SMC) Somaloy 500.

Design/methodology/approach

The effects of compaction pressure and hardening temperature may be combined considering SMC density. This quantity may be chosen for optimization of properties of ready-made cores. In order to describe hysteresis loops the phenomenological model based on hyperbolic tangent transformation is applied.

Findings

SMC density affects substantially the shape of hysteresis loop. The paper provides a number of charts useful for checking how the parameters of the hysteresis model are affected.

Research limitations/implications

The present study considers just one composition of the SMC and one type of lubricant. Future research shall be devoted to verification of the approach on a wider class of SMCs.

Practical implications

Material density may be a relevant quantity in optimization of magnetic properties of ready-made SMC cores. The simple hysteresis model based on the, “effective field” concept and Takács’ idea of hyperbolic tangent transformation may be useful for description of hysteresis curves of SMC cores. Model parameters are sensitive against variations of material density.

Originality/value

The results of the analysis may be useful for designers of magnetic circuits made of SMCs.

Details

COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 34 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 29 November 2019

Sean Michael Muyskens, Tareq Ibrahim Eddir and Robert Charles Goldstein

This paper aims to demonstrate the benefits of using different impeder materials for induction tube welding systems.

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to demonstrate the benefits of using different impeder materials for induction tube welding systems.

Design/methodology/approach

To show the difference in using various impeder materials, a new approach was taken to model tube welding systems in two and three dimensions. Three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic models were used to determine the current distribution along the weld vee as well as the permeability of the tube along the length of the welding system. Two-dimensional (2-D) coupled electromagnetic plus thermal models with rotational movement were used to determine the temperature distribution in the heat-affected zone.

Findings

Simulation results suggest upwards of 25 per cent system power savings when using a soft magnetic composite (SMC) impeder rather than the traditional ferrites.

Research limitations/implications

There is currently a lack of experimental data to validate the models, but future work will include comparison of models to real-world trials.

Practical implications

When dealing with tube welding systems, there are possibilities to improve process efficiency or increase production quality and output by improving the impeder material.

Originality/value

While simulations of tube welding systems have been done previously, studies on improving impeder materials are rarely carried out. This paper brings to light possible improvements to be made to induction tube welding systems.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering , vol. 39 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 29 April 2019

Adam Jakubas, Radosław Jastrzębski and Krzysztof Chwastek

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of varying compaction pressure on magnetic properties of self-developed soft magnetic composite (SMC) cores. The change in shape…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of varying compaction pressure on magnetic properties of self-developed soft magnetic composite (SMC) cores. The change in shape of ferromagnetic hysteresis curves has – in turn – the impact on the values of hysteresis model parameters. The phenomenological GRUCAD model is chosen for description of hysteresis curves.

Design/methodology/approach

Several cylinder-shaped cores have been made from a mixture of iron powder and suspense polyvinyl chloride using a hydraulic press with a form and a band with a thermocouple for controlling heat treatment conditions. The only varying parameter in the study is the compaction pressure. The magnetic properties of developed cores have been measured using a computer-acquisition card and LabView software. The obtained hysteresis curves are fitted to the equations of the phenomenological GRUCAD model. This description is compliant with the laws of irreversible thermodynamics. The variations of model parameters are presented as functions of compacting pressure.

Findings

The compaction pressure has a significant impact on magnetic properties of self-developed SMC cores. The paper provides a number of charts useful for checking how the parameters of the hysteresis model are affected.

Research limitations/implications

The present paper is limited to modelling symmetrical loops only. Description of more complex magnetization cycles is postponed to another, forthcoming paper.

Practical implications

The GRUCAD hysteresis model may be a useful tool for the designers of magnetic circuits. Its parameters depend on the processing conditions (in this study – the compaction pressure) of the SMC cores.

Originality/value

Modelling of magnetic properties of SMC cores has been carried so far using some well-known description like Preisach, Takács and Jiles–Atherton proposals. The GRUCAD model has a number of advantages, and it may be a useful alternative to the latter formalism. So far it has been used for description of hysteresis curves in conventional materials like non-oriented and grain-oriented electrical steels. In the present work, it is applied to novel SMC materials.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 38 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 7 September 2012

Rafal M. Wojciechowski, Cezary Jedryczka, Piotr Lukaszewicz and Dariusz Kapelski

The purpose of this paper is to investigate application possibilities of soft magnetic composites (SMC) in the design of high speed permanent motors for home appliances.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate application possibilities of soft magnetic composites (SMC) in the design of high speed permanent motors for home appliances.

Design/methodology/approach

The design of high speed permanent magnet motor (HSPM) with core made of SMC has been proposed. The governing information about SMC has been presented. The possible advantages and disadvantages of applying magnetic powder materials in the design of electrical machines have been studied. To solve the partial differential equations describing magnetic vector distribution in considered HSPM, the edge element method (EEM) has been applied. The formulas of permanent magnet and winding descriptions, and electromagnetic torque calculations have been presented and studied. To verify accuracy of methodology and functionality of the elaborated software, a prototype of the considered motor has been built and the experimental setup for testing torque and electromotive force has been elaborated. The comparison between measured and simulated motor characteristics have been presented and discussed.

Findings

Comparison between measured and simulated motor characteristics proves the model accuracy. The obtained results show that the designed HSPM motor has sinusoidal electromotive force waveforms, low cogging torque value and the sinusoidal torque versus rotor angle characteristics. Moreover, it has been indicated that the application of SMC materials can reduce power losses in the high speed motors.

Originality/value

The paper describes the development of the numerical method and software for analysis of HSPM with core made of powder materials.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 31 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

1 – 10 of 515