Search results

This paper aims to investigate the satiety properties of a fish protein hydrolysate (blue whiting muscle hydrolysate, BWMH). Protein consumption is associated with higher satiety, protein being considered as the more satiating macronutrient. This property is extensively investigated in regard to weight management.

Fifteen overweight women were included in a crossover design study. Subjects consumed 1 g of BWMH or placebo twice daily and sensations associated with satiety were recorded every day.

Significant differences, in favour of BWMH, were highlighted on the desire to eat something sweet at T90 min (p < 0.05) and on plasma glucose at T270 min (p < 0.05).

This study demonstrates effect of BWMH on appetite. Indeed promising data were reported in favour of the test product, in particular on the desire to eat something sweet and on glucose levels. Some additional investigations will be necessary to support these data and those observed in in vitro and in vivo models.

After promising pre-clinical data, this study is a first investigation of health benefits of BWMH supplementation in humans.

Argues that although intense sweeteners (IS) such as saccharin and aspartame are perceived by consumers as important aids to dietary and weight control, there is little evidence to support this optimism. The result of dietary surveys comparing food intake or weight change in users and non‐users of IS are difficult to interpret because they are likely to be confounded by other differences between these groups. Results from laboratory studies show that reduced‐calorie foods and drinks have a reduced capacity to inhibit appetite (reduced satiating power). Therefore the incorporation of IS into the diet cannot be expected to lead “automatically” to a reduction in energy intake. Indeed, if users were to assume that such an effect exists, this might well prove counterproductive. If used wisely, however, IS might facilitate dietary compliance by increasing the range of foods that can be included in weight loss or weight maintenance diets.

This paper reviews the nutritional profile of peanuts and summarises recent evidence for their potential as a beneficial food for long‐term health. As such, a more constructive positioning for peanuts and peanut butter within the UK diet is proposed.

This paper uses systems theory to clarify the crucial point that there is a basic, inborn, bodily motivation, and that a social theory of the self cannot simply be a theory of process. By bridging across current neuroscience, cognitive science, and systems theory, I propose a self that is fundamentally emotional energy seeking. There are other bodily needs (food, drink, etc), but these satiate quickly, and although they can override everything else at moments when they are low, they are not the central switching mechanism, the top of the hierarchy in the subsumption architecture of the self. Basing the formation and ongoing processes of the self in the motive to maximize emotional energy can explain the seeming conflict between tendencies towards self-consistency and the potential for creativity and change. It also allows us to detail the mechanisms that underlie the process of individuals drawing on culture as a resource and in turn diffusing new symbols and meanings into the larger culture.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic activities of sardine and bogue protein hydrolysates in cholesterol-fed rats.

In total, 18 male Wistar rats (220 ± 10 g) fed 20 per cent casein, 1 per cent cholesterol and 0.5 per cent cholic acid were divided into three groups and received a daily gavage of 250 mg of sardine (SPH) or bogue (BPH) protein hydrolysates for 30 days. The third group, named control group (CG), received in the same conditions water. Lipoproteins were fractionated by size-exclusion fast protein liquid chromatography, and serum lipids, apolipoproteins and lipoproteins were assayed.

In SPH and BPH groups, serum total cholesterol concentrations were −66 per cent lower than in CG. This corresponded to the decreased very low-density lipoprotein-C in the former groups. Moreover, BPH treatment reduced low-density lipoprotein-C compared with CG and SPH groups. Compared with CG, serum phospholipids were reduced by SPH and BPH. Furthermore, BPH increased significantly APOA4 and sphingomyelin but lowered phosphatidylcholine. In the latter group, serum lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity was +23 per cent higher, but with SPH, this activity was −35 per cent reduced compared with CG. Apolipoprotein A-I contents were similar in the three groups. Compared with CG, hydroperoxide and lipid peroxidation contents in serum and lipoprotein fractions were reduced by SPH and BPH. Compared with CG, serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased in the treated groups, particularly in the BPH group.

These results suggest that sardine protein hydrolysates and particularly those of bogue could be a very useful natural compound to prevent hypercholesterolemia by both improving the lipid profile and modulating oxidative stress in cholesterol-fed rats.

Excessive fat intake is a problem in the UK and other European countries. Looks at the relationship between dietary fat and body fat and the body′s physiological responses to fatty food. Discusses experimental studies on fat and satiety and high fat hyperphagia.

Previous studies have reported that dietary fibers such as polydextrose and maltodextrin can reduce food intake; however, the studies on the differences of this effect are insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of dietary fibers maltodextrin and polydextrose on alterations of short-term satiety, energy intake and postprandial blood glucose in healthy females.

This study was designed as a randomized, crossover and double blind research. For this purpose, 21 healthy females consumed a milkshake containing 0 g (control), 15 g polydextrose (PDX) and 15 g maltodextrin (MDX), and an ad libitum lunch meal was served 150 min later. Subjective appetite scores (hunger, satiety, prospective food consumption and desire to eat) were measured using a visual analog scale. Appetite scores and blood glucose were measured before preload and once per 15 min after milkshake consumption.

Visual analog scale scores showed that PDX had an improved effect on satiety and hunger feelings. Compared to the control, dietary fiber increased the Area Under Curve (AUC) scores of satiety (p < 0.001) and decreased the AUC scores of hunger (p < 0.001), prospective food consumption (p < 0.001) and desire to eat (p < 0.001). Energy intake during ad libitum meal was significantly lower in PDX (Control: 862 (54.3) Kcal versus PDX: 679 (35.4) Kcal and MDX: 780 (49.3) Kcal. Moreover, the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in MDX.

This study conducted with healthy females demonstrated that PDX was more effective in inducing satiety during subsequent food intake, and that postprandial blood glucose were within more healthy levels in MDX.

Explores key trends explaining consumer concerns and actions on animal welfare. Concludes that concerns are not a fad, but deep‐seated and here to stay. UK livestock production, distribution and processing systems and practices have evolved, will and should evolve to allow farm animals “to enjoy a decent life” and to satisfy reasonable consumer concerns on animal welfare matters. Presents the UK industry with both threats and opportunities. Livestock products that are animal welfare‐friendly, produced with traditional/natural methods and carry “passports” offer important consumer benefits that can provide a competitive edge. The farm sector needs to forge alliances with organizations, such as the RSPCA, which are viewed as credible on welfare matters by consumers. However, addressing consumer concerns about animals, per se, will not reverse the declining domestic market for livestock products – this will require more comprehensive, industry‐wide efforts to deliver the full range of benefits to consumers that they demand from food products in the twenty‐first century.

Socio‐affective state can affect appetite, and choice of food or drink can affect mood and social perception. Effects of dietary constituents on the brain often play some role in these food‐mood linkages but they are forged into strong and particular shape by personal involvement in cultural practices surrounding consumption of particular items. Briefly discusses psychological research into the following examples: alcoholic drinks, tea and coffee, nutritive tonics and dieters′ “danger foods”.

The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader about the currently employed theories, research, and interventions in developmental criminology, with a particular emphasis on parental influences.

As well as evoking the classical theories and relevant research in psychology and developmental criminology fields, some of the significant recent contributions are also evaluated to reveal how parenting is linked to youngsters’ delinquency in the extant literature.

While parental factors do not directly affect delinquency of children and adolescents, it is an effectual mediator.

Not a systematic (statistical) review, rather a hermeneutic one with righteous justifications.

Evidence-based suggestions, regarding the allocation of time and resources for the modification of implicated parenting factors in planning preventative and interventional programs, are made.

This review is an up-to-date instructional source that presents the major developmental criminology theories including the recent ones.