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Health profession education has evolved to incorporate didactic instruction and experiential learning opportunities over time. Constructivism and interprofessional education are essential theoretical concepts that have shaped modern health profession education. However, transformative active learning is an approach that is particularly well suited to the needs of healthcare professionals. By integrating theoretical knowledge with practical skills, transformative active learning helps prepare students for the complex challenges they will face in their future careers and encourages them to become agents of change committed to improving healthcare practice. Saudi National Institute of Health (Saudi NIH) is one of the Ministry of Health's initiatives in the National Transformation Program 2020 to achieve the Kingdom's Vision 2030, as it supports biomedical research in the health sector in Saudi Arabia. One of the mandates of Saudi NIH is to build the research capacity through well-designed educational and training programs through the directory of education and research skills adopting active learning strategies. This chapter aims to communicate the methodological framework of the Education and Research Skills Directory of the SNIH for integrating active learning in the various training programs and initiatives aiming to promote the core learning capabilities with excellence, diversity, diversity, uniqueness, competency, and efficiency values.

The impact of education and research skills on the strategic digital transformation of education is straightforward. In this context, the Saudi National Institute of Health plays a pivotal role in the design and implementation of a resilient and robust strategy for the development of skills and competencies to young health professionals. In this chapter, the authors provide a brief overview of the Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia and its basic priorities in the areas related to the Education and Research in the healthcare domain. The authors also elaborate on the key plans and initiatives undertaken by the education and research skills directory of the Saudi National Institute of Health (SNIH) towards transformative learning with impact on the implementation of the Vision 2030.

Northamptonshire is classified as a radon affected area, with greater than 1 per cent of domestic dwellings being above the UK Action Level of 200Bq m^‐3. Workplace radon is also a health risk in Northamptonshire, with a significant number of premises being predicted to be above this Action Level (400Bq m^‐3). After an extensive survey in National Health Service premises, using track etch detectors and real time monitoring systems, it was found that certain staff were receiving very high doses ‐ up to around 20mSv. The annual collective dose from radon, in the rooms with elevated levels, was 285mSv, an average of 4.45mSv. After remediation of the rooms the average dose fell to 0.5mSv. The average cost of radon remediation in National Health Service premises was £3,950 per location. This compares to a value of £1,953 for locations in schools in Northamptonshire. It is possible that remediation costs for the majority of small to medium enterprises in the country will, on our conservative estimate of 6 per cent being above the Action Level, be in the region of £1,460,000. Further monitoring of workplace radon is taking place across the county in an attempt to determine more accurately the full extent of the problem.

Radon is a natural gas which can build up underneath buildings. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has found sufficient evidence to classify radon as harmful to human beings. The National Radiological Protection Board has identified areas in the United Kingdom where radon levels are above average. Northamptonshire is one such area, where the NHS was required to set up a radon mitigation programme to reduce the potential health hazard to its 11,189 employees, employed on 82 separate sites. Calculates the dose saving achieved and the associated costs and attempts to derive a value for the cost‐effectiveness of the programme, as compared to a programme recommended by the NRPB to reduce patient doses from dental X‐Rays in the UK. It also examines recent domestic remediation initiatives investigated by researchers in Spain, USA, Sweden and Canada. The methods used by Colgan and Gutiérrez to measure reductions in radon levels and to calculate associated annualised costs were used to analyse the results of the Northamptonshire NHS programme which produced an estimated cost of £680,000 per lung cancer saved. This paper reports on the costs and potential benefits delivered by the radon mitigation programme in Northamptonshire. It also discusses some of the wider policy implications for management, particularly in multi‐site public sector organisations where value for money in an environment of cash limited funding is an increasing pressure.

Radon is a natural gas which can build up underneath buildings. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has found sufficient evidence to classify radon as harmful to humans. The National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) has identified areas in the UK where radon levels are above average. Northamptonshire is one such area, where the NHS was required to set up a radon mitigation programme to reduce the potential health hazard to its 11,189 employees, employed in 82 separate sites. Calculates the dose saving achieved and the associated costs and attempts to derive a value for the cost‐effectiveness of the programme, compared to a programme recommended by the NRPB to reduce patient doses from dental X‐rays in the UK. Also examines recent domestic remediation initiatives investigated by researchers in Spain, the USA, Sweden and Canada. The methods used by Colgan and Gutiérrez (1996) to measure reductions in radon levels and to calculate associated annualised costs were used to analyse the results of the Northamptonshire NHS programme which produced an estimated cost of £680,000 per lung cancer saved. Reports on the costs and potential benefits delivered by the radon mitigation programme in Northamptonshire. Also discusses some of the wider policy implications for management, particularly in multi‐site public sector organisations where value for money in an environment of limited funding is an increasing pressure.

A study has been undertaken of radon levels in an abandoned metalliferous mine in South‐West England. Measurements have been taken in Gunnislake Old Adit using a variety of techniques. Radon gas levels of between 30,000Bq m^‐3 and 69,000Bq m^‐3 have been noted in this mine, associated with radon progeny levels of between 2.6 and 4.8 working levels. These radon levels pose a health risk for regular visitors to such mines.

Prior research on relations between mental health and pain has focused on negative mental health aspects (e.g. depression), while the literature is scarce in terms of positive aspects, such as mental well-being. This study aims to investigate prospective associations of mental well-being at baseline with pain and functional impairment due to pain in the following year.

Data stem from a Danish nationally representative survey of 5,000 adults (aged 15+) conducted in 2019 and 2020, which was linked to register data. The Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale was used to assess mental well-being, both continuously (range 7–35) and categorically (low, moderate, high). Logistic regressions were conducted to assess associations between mental well-being in 2019 and pain and functional impairment due to pain (among those reporting any pain) in 2020.

In the fully adjusted models, each point increase in mental well-being was inversely associated with pain (OR = 0.97, 95%CI 0.95–0.99) and functional impairment due to pain (OR = 0.96, 95%CI 0.94–0.99). As compared to low mental well-being, moderate mental well-being was associated with an OR of 0.76 (95%CI 0.58–0.99) for pain and an OR of 0.63 (95%CI 0.46–0.87) of functional impairment due to pain, while high mental well-being was associated with an OR of 0.56 (95%CI 0.40–0.77) for pain and an OR of 0.53 (95%CI 0.34–0.79) for functional impairment due to pain.

Higher mental well-being levels may be protective against pain and functional impairment due to pain. Wider mental health promotion may be considered to prevent pain and associated functional impairments in the general population.