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1 – 10 of 337Andrew Owsiak, Paul F. Diehl and Gary Goertz
The purpuse of this study is to answer the following two questions. Do conflict management efforts mitigate the recurrence and severity of civil conflict? If so, how? Do some…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpuse of this study is to answer the following two questions. Do conflict management efforts mitigate the recurrence and severity of civil conflict? If so, how? Do some conflict management strategies fare better than others in these tasks? This study theorizes about the connection between the costliness of a conflict management strategy – with respect to both the disputants and third parties – and civil conflict outcomes. This theory produces two contradictory predictions: that more costly strategies either increase or decrease violence. This study not only adjudicates between these two possibilities but also incorporates the role of timing. The early use of more costly strategies, for example, may encourage disputants to reduce violence in civil conflicts.
Design/methodology/approach
To evaluate the predications that the authors derive from their theoretical argument, the authors quantitatively analyze the effect of conflict management strategies’ relative cost on various measures of civil conflict recurrence and severity. The authors first identify the set of international–civil militarized conflicts (I-CMCs) during the period 1946–2010. I-CMCs contain two dimensions – interstate and intrastate – making them the most complex and dangerous form of militarized conflict. To each I-CMC, the authors then link all third-party attempts to manage the I-CMC’s civil conflict dimension. Finally, after developing quantitative indicators, a series of regression equations explore the relationships of primary interest.
Findings
Two main findings emerge. First, when third parties use a relatively more costly conflict management strategy to manage a civil conflict (e.g. a peace operation or military intervention, as opposed to mediation), the severity of the conflict increases, while conflict recurrence rates remain unchanged. Second, this study uncovers a trade-off. The early use of a relatively more costly management strategy lowers a civil conflict’s severity in the short-term. It also, however, increases the likelihood – and speed with which – civil conflict recurs. The timing of certain conflict management strategies matters.
Originality/value
Scholars typically isolate conflict management strategies in number (i.e. consider efforts as independent of one another, even those within the same conflict) and kind (i.e. examine mediation but not peace operations). This study, in contrast, includes the following: the full menu of conflict management strategies available to third parties – negotiation, mediation, adjudication/arbitration, peace operations, sanctions and military intervention – over a lengthy time period (1946–2010); theorizes about the relative merits of these strategies; and considers the timing of certain conflict management efforts. In so doing, it highlights a policy trade-off and proposes promising areas for future research.
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Abhishek Barwar, Prateek Kala and Rupinder Singh
Some studies have been reported in the past on diaphragmatic hernia (DH) surgery techniques using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, symptoms of a hernia and post-surgery…
Abstract
Purpose
Some studies have been reported in the past on diaphragmatic hernia (DH) surgery techniques using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, symptoms of a hernia and post-surgery complications. But hitherto little has been reported on bibliographic analysis (BA) for health monitoring of bovine post-DH surgery for long-term management. Based on BA, this study aims to explore the sensor fabrication integrated with innovative AM technologies for health monitoring assistance of bovines post-DH surgery.
Design/methodology/approach
A BA based on the data extracted through the Web of Science database was performed using bibliometric tools (R-Studio and Biblioshiny).
Findings
After going through the BA and a case study, this review provides information on various 3D-printed meshes used over the sutured site and available Internet of Things-based solutions to prevent the recurrence of DH.
Originality/value
Research gaps exist for 3D-printed conformal sensors for health monitoring of bovine post-DH surgery.
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Amin Foyouzati and Fayaz Rahimzadeh Rofooei
This Study aims to present the seismic hazard assessment of the earthquake-prone eastern of Iran that has become more important due to its growing economic importance. Many cities…
Abstract
Purpose
This Study aims to present the seismic hazard assessment of the earthquake-prone eastern of Iran that has become more important due to its growing economic importance. Many cities in this region have experienced life and financial losses due to major earthquakes in recent years. Thus, in this study the seismic hazard maps and curves, and site-specific spectrums were obtained by using probabilistic approaches for the region.
Design/methodology/approach
The seismotectonic information, seismicity data and earthquake catalogues were gathered, main active seismic sources were identified and seismic zones were considered to cover the potential active seismic regions. The seismic model based on logic tree method used two seismic source models, two declustered catalogues, three choices for earthquake recurrence parameters and maximum considered earthquakes and four ground motion predicting (attenuation) models (GMPE).
Findings
The results showed a wide range of seismic hazards levels in the study region. The peak ground acceleration (PGAs) for 475 years returns period ranges between 0.1 g in the north-west part of the region with low seismic activity, to 0.52 g in the south-west part with high levels of seismicity. The PGAs for a 2,475-year period, also ranged from 0.12 to 0.80 g for the same regions. The computed hazard results were compared to the acceptable level of seismic hazard in the region based on Iran seismic code.
Originality/value
A new probabilistic approach has been developed for obtaining seismic hazard maps and curves; these results would help engineers in design of earthquake-resistant structures.
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Biranchi Narayan Adhikari, Ajay Kumar Behera, Rabindra Mahapatra, Harish Das and Sasmita Mohapatra
This paper aims to explore the outcomes of an analysis on day by day task – journey planning conduct of senior citizens by using a modern dynamic model and a family unit travel…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore the outcomes of an analysis on day by day task – journey planning conduct of senior citizens by using a modern dynamic model and a family unit travel overview, gathered in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, of India in 2018. The task-journey planning display assumes an unique time–space-constrained planning development.
Design/methodology/approach
The main commitment of this paper is to reveal day by day task – journey planning conduct through a comprehensive dynamic framework. Numerous behavioural subtleties are revealed by the subsequent empirical model. These incorporate the role that income plays in directing outside time consumption decisions of senior citizens. Senior citizens in the most elevated and least salary classes will in general have minor varieties in time consumption decisions than those in middle pay classifications. Generally speaking, the time consumption decisions become progressively steady with expanding age, demonstrating that more task durations and lower task recurrence become progressively predominant with increasing age.
Findings
Day by day task-type and area decisions reveal a reasonable irregular utility-amplifying level headed conduct of senior residents. Unmistakably expanding spatial availability to different task areas is an urgent factor in characterizing every day outside task interest of senior residents. It is likewise evident that the assorted variety of outside task-type decisions decreases with rise in age and senior citizens are major touchy to auto journey hour than to travel or non-mechanized journey hour.
Originality/value
The fundamental constraint to the dynamic structure is that the mode decision model was viewed as exogenic to the demonstrating framework. The essential purpose behind this supposition that was that senior citizens in the Bhubaneswar are overwhelmingly customers of the local car. Coordination of the mode decision display part inside this structure would deliver a full task-based journey request model that could catch trip age, starting times, outing circulation and mode decision using a solitary demonstrating framework.
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However, in July, tensions resurfaced after Kenya increased fees on Ugandan fuel imports through Mombasa port, reigniting one of the core points of disagreement. Since 2023, there…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB289188
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Stockbrokers’ frauds in India frequently occur, causing investors significant financial loss. This study aims to unfold the various dubious practices adopted by stock brokers in…
Abstract
Purpose
Stockbrokers’ frauds in India frequently occur, causing investors significant financial loss. This study aims to unfold the various dubious practices adopted by stock brokers in the recent past to defraud investors and the necessary corrective regulations passed by the market regulator to prevent and detect fraud.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conduct exploratory research using a collective model of literature review, case studies and regulatory changes.
Findings
The authors find tightening the system’s loopholes and strengthening the regulatory system using technology helps in the early detection and prevention of fraud. Media activism and investors’ awareness play a role in reducing incidences of fraud.
Research limitations/implications
This study unfolds the practices followed by stock brokers to defraud investors, indicative of regulatory gaps and enforcement lapses. Regulators are evolving a robust system to curb these practices and make them on par with international standards. But, it has a long way to go.
Practical implications
Robust fraud detection and prevention mechanism is desirable to restore investors’ confidence in the stock market. Regulators should focus on investors’ protection and education and whistleblowers’ protection. Compared to the market regulators worldwide, the Securities and Exchange Board of India has less power to identify, detect and punish fraudulent brokers and needs to be empowered.
Social implications
Besides the regulatory changes, strict enforcement and investor campaigns are required to increase public awareness and restore trust in the stock market to combat the recurrence of fraud.
Originality/value
This paper can be helpful to regulators, investors and financial intermediaries like stock brokers and aid in strengthening the reliability of capital markets and restoring investors’ confidence.
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Chanandchidadussadee Toonsiri, Pornchai Jullamate, Harit Sianghwong and Louela Cordova Acedera
This correlational study conducted at Ban Phaeo Hospital, Thailand, aimed to assess the health literacy levels of 105 older adult stroke survivors from November 2021 to February…
Abstract
Purpose
This correlational study conducted at Ban Phaeo Hospital, Thailand, aimed to assess the health literacy levels of 105 older adult stroke survivors from November 2021 to February 2022.
Design/methodology/approach
The study uncovered a moderate level of health literacy among participants, as indicated by a mean score of 66.85 (SD = 8.151).
Findings
Significant positive correlations were observed between health literacy and several key factors, including patient-provider relationships (r = 0.550, p < 0.001), social support (r = 0.548, p < 0.001) and perceived health status (r = 0.484, p < 0.001). These findings emphasize the interconnectedness of health literacy with critical elements of healthcare engagement and well-being.
Research limitations/implications
To advance stroke prevention in the older adult population, future research should focus on evaluating nurse-led interventions designed to enhance health literacy.
Social implications
Raising awareness about the influence of patient-provider relationships, social support networks and perceived health status represents the initial stride toward a successful strategy for elevating health literacy and preventing recurrent strokes in this demographic.
Originality/value
This work is entirely original, all authors listed contributed to the project and have approved the final draft for submission. This work of art has not been published or is under consideration elsewhere. This study addresses the crucial gap in the literature by uncovering moderate health literacy levels among older adult stroke survivors. It delves into the intricacies of health literacy in this population, establishing correlations with patient-provider relationships, social support and perceived health status. The study emphasizes the critical role of health literacy in healthcare engagement and well-being, advocating for nurse-led interventions to enhance health literacy and prevent recurrent strokes in older adults.
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Rabia H. Haddad, Bushra Kh. Alhusamiah, Razan H. Haddad, Mo’tasem M. Aldaieflih, Khalid Yaseen, Younis H. Abuhashish, Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour and Jafar A. Alshraideh
This study aims to evaluate and summarize the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and internet-based CBT (ICBT) interventions on relapse prevention and severity of…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate and summarize the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and internet-based CBT (ICBT) interventions on relapse prevention and severity of symptoms among individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). CBT is one of the most used and suggested interventions to manage MDD, whereas ICBT is a novel effective proposed approach.
Design/methodology/approach
The review was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. A comprehensive and extensive search was performed to identify and evaluate the relevant studies about the effectiveness of CBT and ICBT on relapse prevention and severity of symptoms among patients with MDD.
Findings
A total of eight research studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. RCT studies were conducted to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of CBT and ICBT on relapse prevention and severity of symptoms among patients with MDD. It has been found that CBT is a well-supported and evidently based effective psychotherapy for managing depressive symptoms and reducing the relapse and readmission rate among patients diagnosed with MDD. The ICBT demonstrated greater improvements in depressive symptoms during major depressive episodes among patients with MDDS. The ICBT program had good acceptability and satisfaction among participants in different countries.
Research limitations/implications
Despite the significant findings from this systematic review, certain limitations should be acknowledged. First, it is important to note that all the studies included in this review were exclusively conducted in the English language, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings to non-English speaking populations. Second, the number of research studies incorporated in this systematic review was relatively limited, which may have resulted in a narrower scope of analysis. Finally, a few studies within the selected research had small sample sizes, which could potentially impact the precision and reliability of the overall conclusions drawn from this review. The authors recommend that nurses working in psychiatric units should use CBT interventions with patients with MDD.
Practical implications
This paper, a review of the literature gives an overview of CBT and ICBT interventions to reduce the severity of depressive symptoms and prevent patients’ relapse and rehospitalization and shows that CBT interventions are effective on relapse prevention among patients with MDD. In addition, there is still no standardized protocol to apply the CBT intervention in the scope of reducing the severity of depressive symptoms and preventing depression relapse among patients with major depressive disorder. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this review. Future research is also needed to find out the most effective form and contents of CBT and ICBT interventions for MDD.
Social implications
CBT is a psychological intervention that has been recommended by the literature for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). It is a widely recognized and accepted approach that combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to assist individuals overcome their depressive symptoms and improve their overall mental well-being. This would speculate that effectiveness associated with several aspects and combinations of different approaches in CBT interventions and the impact of different delivery models are essential for clinical practice and appropriate selection of the interventional combinations.
Originality/value
This systematic review focuses on the various studies that explore the effectiveness of face-to-face CBT and ICBT in reducing depressive symptoms among patients with major depressive disorder. These studies were conducted in different countries such as Iran, Australia, Pennsylvania and the USA.
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Demand for the company's type 2 diabetes treatment, Ozempic, and its higher-dose version, Wegovy, has surged since November when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved…
Details
DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285358
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Mohammad Nafe Assafi, Md. Ikramul Hoque and Md. Mehrab Hossain
Construction delay always causes massive damage to the advancing construction industries, which is no different in the case of Bangladeshi construction industries. This paper aims…
Abstract
Purpose
Construction delay always causes massive damage to the advancing construction industries, which is no different in the case of Bangladeshi construction industries. This paper aims to investigate the major delay factors causing construction delays in public-funded, mixed and private-funded construction projects of Bangladesh. Also, it offers preventive suggestions from expert stakeholders to reduce the recurrence of delays.
Design/methodology/approach
At first, an extensive literature review was conducted to identify the thirty-seven major delay factors categorized under seven groups. A questionnaire was then developed for survey at ongoing construction projects at a different division of Bangladesh. Next, data from 110 respondents were collected, and the delay factors were ranked based on the Relative Importance Index (RII); lastly, probable solutions were suggested for top-ranked delay factors based on opinions from expert stakeholders in the construction sector of Bangladesh.
Findings
The overall RII ranking of the 37 delay factors showed “Construction mistakes and defective work,” “Contract modifications by the client” and “Adverse weather condition” as the top three factors causing the delay. For public-funded projects, “Construction mistakes and defective work” and “Slow decision making by a consultant” are the top delay factors. For mixed projects, “Slow decision making of the client” and “Construction mistakes and defective work ranked top, and for private-funded projects, “Financial problems and payment delay of the client” and “Adverse weather condition” ranked top. These nuances of ranking in individual project types ascertain that the causes of delay vary in terms of project features.
Practical implications
The outcome of this project will help identify the significant delay factors based on their severity of effectiveness associated with public-funded, mixed and private-funded projects in Bangladesh. The suggestions regarding preventing these delay factors obtained through the opinions of expert stakeholders can help reduce the effect of these delays in the context of Bangladesh and in countries where the similarity in construction environment prevails.
Originality/value
Previously, studies on construction delays in Bangladesh focused mainly on identifying the delays using qualitative analysis techniques. This study is based on a unique methodology of integrating quantitative research on delay factor identification and qualitative research on preventive measures following the opinions gathered from expert stakeholders in the construction sector.
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