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This paper aims to investigate the energy-saving effect and mechanism of serpentine as lubricant additive in the simulated condition.

An ABLT-1 bearing test machine was used for 1,350 hours and an MM-W1 three-pin-on-disk apparatus was used to investigate its anti-friction effect. The worn surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy.

The results show that the energy-saving effect was improved after adding serpentine powder in oil and that both the friction coefficient and mass loss were dramatically decreased. The analysis on worn surface layer demonstrates that an auto-reconditioning surface layer was formed on the worn surface, which was responsible for the decrease in friction and wear.

The simulation test for the metal bearing was conducted over 1,350 hours using lubricant with and without serpentine powder. The addition of serpentine powder enhanced the energy-saving rate over time, stabilizing at about 13 per cent after 1,000 hours. An auto-reconditioning surface layer was formed on the surfaces of disassembled bearing lubricated with serpentine doped oil, resulting in dramatic decrease of both the friction coefficient and the mass loss. In addition to normal load and the accumulation of serpentine powder in the furrows and scratches of the deformed layer, the formation of the surface layer was possibly related to the substrate deformation induced by friction force.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the product residual value (PRV) and the loss of value over time of returned products in the reverse supply chain configuration. It also examines whether or not the distinction of Fisher's functional and innovative products holds for the reverse supply chain.

In order to identify the relevance of the Fisher model, the model needs to be recast in terms of PRV, which, in this context, is considered the independent variable in the reverse logistics arena. Products defined as innovative in Fisher's taxonomy correspond to disposed products with high residual value, whereas functional products correspond to disposed products with low residual value. Furthermore, the PRV and the speed at which returned products lose their value are considered in order to determine the configuration of the reverse supply chain that allows for recapturing most of the PRV. These notions have then been tested by analyzing two reverse supply chains with a case study research methodology.

The findings show that low PRV is associated with second‐class recovery options (recycling and energy recovery) and that high PRV is associated with first‐class recovery options (reconditioning and remarketing). When the recovery option is recycling, time is not relevant, the primary objective is cost reduction (efficiency), the chain is centralized, and actors and phases of the reverse chain are determined by the specificity of the recycling process. When the recovery option is reconditioning, time is primarily relevant, tradeoffs between costs and time efficiency are necessary, the chain presents a centralized structure, and the presence of other types of actors and phases influences the structure of the reverse supply chain.

The focus is restricted to the industry of electrical and electronic products.

Based on the outcome of the study, managers are able to determine the basic prerequisites for the design of their reverse supply chains.

Previous literature suggests that when the PRV is high, early product differentiation is necessary, and the chain is therefore decentralized. The paper demonstrates that this is not confirmed in the case of low returned volumes and high reconditioning quality standards.

This paper aims to map and understand the reverse logistics systems in the apparel aftermarket in India. It clarifies the processes involved from the procurement of used clothing until its resale in the aftermarket. The paper identifies that collaboration between stakeholders can improve logistics, business predictability and margins.

In total, 93 in‐depth interviews were conducted with stakeholders. Questions revolved around strategic and operational factors of reverse logistics in the aftermarket.

This fragmentation and isolation of stakeholders' businesses is identified as the cause of most stakeholder inefficiencies. It was found that benefits accrued by collaboration in the reverse logistics chain are increased market knowledge, more predictable business and better margins.

Mapping and understanding of the reverse logistics were the primary aims of this paper. Researchers are encouraged to look at a value‐addition model based on this paper which could help evaluate further business decisions. Additionally a study of the sustainability aspects of this reverse logistics process would be a valuable addition to knowledge in this area.

Collaborative initiatives can be used as a way to reduce multiplicity of activity, increase predictability and expand business.

This paper fulfills the need of understanding the apparel aftermarket in India and how reverse logistics may be looked on as a tool to manage the post‐first consumer apparel market.

The purpose of this paper, which has been to a large extent based on a recently completed PhD thesis, is to examine the case of Pease Drum and Tank Recycling and Reconditioning Company based in Leeds.

Legislation and the nature of industry have been the prime drivers of the company's green efforts. However, despite the MD's genuine commitment to green issues and the impact of legislation, limitations are imposed directly or otherwise on the degree and extent of caring for the environment.

The company MD participated in an interview carried out in 1999 as part of primary research for a PhD in green marketing, however, attempts at the second interview with the new owners of the organisation in 2003 were not successful.

This paper illustrates how organisations that are required by legislation to be green comply and in this case go beyond mere compliance.

Looks at refurbishment services which can increase the life expectancy of robots. The services range from a thorough inspection and cleaning to a complete factory‐certified mechanical reconditioning program. At the same time robots can be upgraded to take advantage of current technological advancements such as new software equipment, accessories and expanded memories. Describes an exchange service where worn robots are immediately replaced by reconditioned units which saves money and minimizes production line disruption. Concludes that refurbishing is an increasingly successful business area that can also offer opportunities for manufacturing companies by either exchanging or buying previously owned robots.

In March 1974, in the midst of the three‐day working week crisis that was crippling industry, Jacquet Weston Plant Ltd. was formed at Crowthorn, Berks, to recondition electroplating plant. The “premises” at Cambridge Road consisted of a corner of the factory belonging to Allplates Ltd., now a thriving trade plater. In a statement to the finishing trade press shortly after the formation, Mr. Ken Weston, Jacquet Weston Plant's managing director for the past ten years, said: “We have been formed to offer an engineering service to the metal finishing industry, which we will expand in order to make it as comprehensive as possible. As part of that service we find that in these days of escalating costs there is frequently a case where a reconditioned plant will fit in with the new. We aim to supply both, thus offering considerable savings to our customers.”

Circular economy (CE) disclosure is becoming urgent for firms, but an accepted and recognized approach to address it is still missing, especially at small and medium enterprises (SMEs) level. This study aims to contribute to this issue by exploring the potential of the adoption of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards as a standardized approach for CE disclosure. The paper proposes a framework that identifies the existence of specific relationships between the topics included in GRI 300 Standards and CE strategies, which can be considered as managerial guidelines for CE strategy disclosure by companies.

The paper uses an explorative research methodology based on the content analysis of secondary data taken from the sustainability reports of the SMEs listed in STAR segment of Borsa Italiana.

The analysis shows that GRI Standards are currently adopted to disclose the CE strategies by Italian SMEs across different economic sectors including construction, food, automotive, retail, personal and household goods, industrial goods and services, electronics, media and technology. In particular, GRI 301 is used for the disclosure about Recycling, Reuse, Reverse logistics, Industrial Symbiosis, Eco-Design, Product as a Service and Refurbishing/Reconditioning/Remanufacturing. GRI 302 is suited to disclose CE strategies about Eco-Design, Renewable Energy and Industrial Symbiosis. GRI 303 can be useful to disclose about Reuse and Industrial Symbiosis. GRI 305 is appropriate for Eco-Design, Renewable Energy, Product as a Service, Industrial Symbiosis and Recycling. Finally, GRI 306 is useful to communicate the CE strategies of Recycling, Reuse, Reverse Logistics, Eco-Design, Industrial Symbiosis, Maintenance/Repair, Refurbishing/Reconditioning/Remanufacturing.

The paper includes implications concerning how to report the implementation of a wide range of CE practices, mainly using GRI 301, 302, 303, 305 and 306. These implications are mainly addressed to SMEs in different economic sectors.

The use of the proposed framework, by improving the transparency and communication of the CE strategies used by companies, may contribute to accelerate the consumer awareness on CE practices fostering the CE transition, especially of SMEs, with a positive effect on society and environment.

This study extends the literature on CE by developing one among the few standardized approaches using the GRI Standards for the disclosure of CE strategies, a topic mainly investigated in the literature with reference to large companies in a few industries. The framework is also useful to explore the implementation of CE strategies across SMEs in different industrial sectors.

This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the supply chain (SC) operations of importing used vehicles into New Zealand and how such SCs affect business practices and performance.

The study uses an exploratory qualitative semi-structured interview approach to interview the different stakeholders involved in the global used vehicle SC.

The research identifies the overall network structure of the used import vehicle SC from Japan to New Zealand and characterises key aspects of its operations and network connections. This paper finds that Japanese buying agents have integrated increasing numbers of services to provide a trouble-free trading platform, which has created a direct-import model for used vehicle companies in New Zealand.

The findings and recommendations are useful in designing and managing the used vehicle SC for all stakeholders and effective real-time management of uncertain factors.

The paper primarily analyses SC operations by researching the cooperation and coordination between SC components and networks, based on providing the flow of used vehicles from Japan to New Zealand. It constitutes a pioneering practice-perspective research paper in this domain.