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This chapter reviews marketing scholarship on environmental sustainability. The literature covers several themes of both consumer behavior and firm-level topics. Consumer issues include their assessment of efficacy and the extent to which they are aware and sensitive to environmental issues. Numerous interventions and marketing appeals for modifying attitudes and behaviors have been tested and are reported. Consumers and business managers have both been queried regarding attitudes of recycling and waste. Firm-level phenomena are reflected, including how brand managers can signal their green efforts to their customers, whether doing so is beneficial, all in conjunction with macro pressures or constraints from industry or governmental agencies. This chapter closes with a reflection on the research.

In this study, workplace spirituality is discussed in the context of remote work and the COVID-19 pandemic. First, the focus is on the changes in the meaning and function of employees in the organization during the evolutionary process of industrialization and management paradigms. Afterward, conceptual frameworks for spirituality and workplace spirituality are presented, and in the last section, academic studies that deal with workplace spirituality with distance or hybrid work arrangements are included. Early studies offer insights and recommendations on conceptualizing, developing, and managing workplace spirituality. They all emphasize that spirituality is necessary for remote work as a tool to overcome stress and mental health problems and increase employee well-being. Unfortunately, the remote work and workplace spirituality literature is relatively narrow and needs to be expanded.

The purpose of the study is to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the hospitality industry during the rise of worldwide pandemic crises using Twitter analysis. The study is based on 57,794 English-language tweets mined from Twitter from 1 April 2020 to 15 October 2020. Based on thematic and sentiment analysis, the study found that overall sentiments expressed on Twitter were negative. This chapter contributes to existing knowledge about the COVID-19 crisis and broadens the respondents’ understanding of the potential impacts of the crisis on the most vulnerable tourism and hospitality industry. This research emphasises the sustainable revival of the hospitality industry.

Recently, the tourism industry in Asian countries has been adversely affected by two significant drivers: health emergencies and climatic changes. Virus outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Ebola, avian flu, Zika virus and H1N1 influenza virus have caused much greater damage to the tourism and travel industry of Asian countries as compared to the more localized natural disasters and crises such as tsunami, Kathmandu earthquake, Typhoon Mangkhut in Indonesia, etc., resulting in huge job losses, severe financial losses, shutdowns and human casualties. The purpose of this study is to briefly discuss the major viral outbreaks in the Asian countries and discuss their impact on the tourism industry. It will also discuss the resilience strategies taken by the Asian countries to re-emerge their tourism markets from these outbreaks. It will be based on the systematic review of the earlier literature on the various viral outbreaks and the corresponding resilience measures in the Asian peninsula. While the association between the pandemic and travel has been widely discussed in previous studies (Kuo, Chen, Tseng, Ju, & Huang, 2008; Lee, Son, Bendle, Kim, & Han, 2012), there is still no specific study which provides a comprehensive outlook on the various viral outbreaks and the tourism resilience strategies in Asia. It might also help the tourism industry stakeholders from the Asian countries to adequately identify and thoroughly plan for the possible future outbreaks and align resilience measures accordingly.

This chapter examines recent citizenship policy change in Europe in order to address two important questions. First, are immigrant-receiving states undergoing a “restrictive turn,” making citizenship less accessible to foreigners? Our analysis finds that while certain restrictive developments have certainly occurred, a broader comparative perspective shows that these hardly amount to a larger restrictive trend. Second, regardless of what the restrictive changes amount to, what explains why certain countries have added more onerous requirements for citizenship? In answering this question, we focus on the politics of citizenship. We argue that once citizenship becomes politicized – thus mobilizing the latent anti-immigrant sentiments of the population – the result will likely be either the blocking of liberalizing pressures or the imposition of new restrictive measures. We support this argument by focusing on three countries: a case of genuine restrictiveness (Germany), another where the anti-immigrant rhetoric's bark has been more noticeable than the citizenship policy's bite (the United Kingdom), and one where proposed policy change in the restrictive direction does not add up to a restrictive policy overall, but rather a normalization with other liberal citizenship regimes in Europe (Belgium). We argue that politics accounts for why states adopt restrictive policies, and we conclude that it is premature and inaccurate to suggest that policies of exclusion are converging across Europe.

Purpose: This study purposes to explore the numerous factors that had affected the tourism industry during the novel coronavirus outbreak in India. It also discusses the guidelines, directives and measures proposed by reputed agencies and organisations on the importance of education and training of the staff and consumers to boost their confidence in travelling and enhance their re-visit and re-purchase intentions.

Design/Methodology/Approach: A comprehensive literature review of the directives, guidelines and measures proposed by World Health Organization (WHO), Food safety and standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Federation of Hotel and Restaurant Association of India (FHRAI) will be done to explore the possibilities that are emerging for the revival of the hospitality industry in India, especially through education and training.

Results: This study based on the review of literature discussed the various guidelines on safety and hygiene concerning COVID-19 based on the different sub-sectors of the entire tourism industry (Accommodation, Airlines and Attractions) including areas where their implementation is required, for example, guest handling at front of the house areas, receiving and material handling, guest rooms, restaurants, kitchens, room service, linen handling, customer handling in airlines and airports and guest transportation.

Originality: This study will be useful for the stakeholders in tourism to re-draft their standard operating procedures to thrive back and instil trust amongst the tourists related to their safe and healthy stay at the hotels. It will also help the stakeholders to appropriately train their employees and give their guests an unforgettable and safe inclusive hotel experience.

Knowledge of consumer behavior is important to a corporation's accomplishment. Organizations may change for the better deal with the promotion mix, product administration, and buyer interaction by knowing how the buyer performs and what motivates him. Selecting the influencing elements for consumers is frequently exceedingly challenging to accurately detect because they are inside forces. The COVID-19 pandemic's wide-scale spread has significantly altered peoples' daily lives and purchasing patterns. The Indian government implemented several steps across the nation to limit the fatal disease to slow the spread of COVID-19. Following its initial breakout in China in early 2020, the novel coronavirus pandemic rapidly developed all over the globe, giving an unfavorable influence on the global financial system and industries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors seek to uncover changes in consumer behavior when purchasing everyday items including food, medications, clothing, footwear, and technology. To understand how the current pandemic conditions compare to the aforementioned shock events, we carried out a comprehensive review of the literature with a focus on the presentation of panic buying and pack mentality behavioral patterns and changes to voluntary consumer spending as defined by Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

This chapter applies the five drivers of productivity framework to regional microdata for Egypt and extends it by introducing an index of industrial clusters as an explanatory factor of the productivity performance of local private sector firms. Applying structural equation models, the geographic concentration of sectoral economic activity is found to have a positive and statistically significant effect on labor productivity. The transmission mechanism is conjectured to be the positive spillovers that are created, which local firms can tap into. In contrast, a higher concentration of skilled workers in an industrial sector in a region is associated with lower levels of labor productivity – a finding that suggests there may be structural deficiencies in the allocation of skilled workers. Regional policy should focus on net investments in gross capital formation throughout the country, for which the national and regional governments should improve how public investments are managed and the institutional framework – including the rule of law, bureaucracy and red tape, conflict of interest, transparency, and governance – so that private investment (both local and foreign) may substantially increase.