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1 – 10 of over 1000Bianca Kronemann, Hatice Kizgin, Nripendra Rana and Yogesh K. Dwivedi
This paper aims to explore the overall research question “How can artificial intelligence (AI) influence consumer information disclosure?”. It considers how anthropomorphism of…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore the overall research question “How can artificial intelligence (AI) influence consumer information disclosure?”. It considers how anthropomorphism of AI, personalisation and privacy concerns influence consumers’ attitudes and encourage disclosure of their private information.
Design/methodology/approach
This research draws upon the personalisation-privacy paradox (PPP) and privacy calculus theory (PCT) to address the research question and examine how AI can influence consumer information disclosure. It is proposed that anthropomorphism of AI and personalisation positively influence consumer attitudes and intentions to disclose personal information to a digital assistant, while privacy concerns negatively affect attitude and information disclosure.
Findings
This paper develops a conceptual model based on and presents seven research propositions (RPs) for future research.
Originality/value
Building upon PPP and PCT, this paper presents a view on the benefits and drawbacks of AI from a consumer perspective. This paper contributes to literature by critically reflecting upon on the question how consumer information disclosure is influenced by AI. In addition, seven RPs and future research areas are outlined in relation to privacy and consumer information disclosure in relation to AI.
¿Cómo anima la IA a los consumidores a compartir sus secretos?
El papel del antropomorfismo, la personalización y los problemas de privacidad y perspectivas para la investigación futura
Resumen
Propósito
Este artículo explora la pregunta general de investigación “¿Cómo puede influir la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la divulgación de información por parte de los consumidores? Se analiza cómo el antropomorfismo de la IA, la personalización y la preocupación por la privacidad influyen en la actitud de los consumidores y fomentan la revelación de su información privada.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Esta investigación se basa en la paradoja de la personalización y la privacidad y en la teoría del cálculo de la privacidad para abordar la pregunta de investigación y examinar cómo la IA puede influir en la revelación de información de los consumidores. Se propone que el antropomorfismo de la IA y la personalización influyen positivamente en las actitudes de los consumidores y en su intención de revelar información personal a un asistente digital, mientras que la preocupación por la privacidad afecta negativamente a la actitud y a la revelación de información.
Conclusiones
Este artículo desarrolla un modelo conceptual basado en siete propuestas de investigación para el futuro.
Originalidad
Basándose en la paradoja de la personalización y la privacidad y en la teoría del cálculo de la privacidad, este artículo presenta un punto de vista sobre los beneficios e inconvenientes de la IA desde la perspectiva del consumidor. Este artículo contribuye a la literatura al reflexionar de forma crítica sobre la cuestión de cómo influye la IA en la revelación de información del consumidor. Además, se esbozan siete propuestas de investigación y futuras áreas de investigación en relación con la privacidad y la divulgación de información del consumidor en relación con la IA.
人工智能如何
鼓励消费者分享他们的秘密?拟人化、个性化和隐私问题的作用以及未来研究的途径
摘要
目的
本文探讨了 “人工智能如何影响消费者的信息披露?"这一总体研究问题。它考虑了人工智能(AI)的拟人化、个性化和隐私问题是如何影响消费者的态度并鼓励他们披露私人信息的。
设计/方法/途径
本研究借鉴了个性化-隐私悖论和隐私计算理论来解决研究问题, 并研究人工智能如何影响消费者信息披露。本文提出, 人工智能的拟人化和个性化对消费者向数字助理披露个人信息的态度和意图有积极影响, 而隐私问题对态度和信息披露有消极影响。
研究结果
本文在此基础上建立了一个概念模型, 并为未来的研究提出了七个研究命题。
原创性
在个性化-隐私悖论和隐私计算理论的基础上, 本文从消费者的角度提出了对人工智能的好处和坏处的看法。本文通过对消费者信息披露如何受到人工智能影响的问题进行批判性反思, 对文献做出了贡献。此外, 本文概述了与人工智能相关的隐私和消费者信息披露方面的七个研究命题和未来研究领域。
Details
Keywords
- Anthropomorphism
- Artificial intelligence (AI)
- Conversational agent
- Information disclosure
- Privacy calculus theory
- Privacy-personalisation paradox
- Antropomorfismo
- Inteligencia artificial (IA)
- Agente conversacional
- Revelación de información
- Teoría del cálculo de la privacidad
- Paradoja privacidad-personalización
- 拟人化
- 人工智能(AI)
- 对话代理
- 信息披露
- 隐私计算理论
- 隐私-个性化悖论
Anisa Aini Arifin and Thomas Taro Lennerfors
Voice assistant (VA) technology is one of the fastest-growing artificial intelligence applications at present. However, the burgeoning scholarship argues that there are ethical…
Abstract
Purpose
Voice assistant (VA) technology is one of the fastest-growing artificial intelligence applications at present. However, the burgeoning scholarship argues that there are ethical challenges relating to this new technology, not the least related to privacy, which affects the technology’s acceptance. Given that the media impacts public opinion and acceptance of VA and that there are no studies on media coverage of VA, the study focuses on media coverage. In addition, this study aims to focus on media coverage in Indonesia, a country that has been underrepresented in earlier research.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used critical discourse analysis of media texts, focusing on three levels (text, discourse practice and social practice) to study how VA technology was discussed in the Indonesian context and what power relations frame the representation. In total, 501 articles were collected from seven national media in Indonesia from 2010 to 2020 and the authors particularly focus on the 45 articles that concern ethics.
Findings
The ethical topics covered are gender issues, false marketing, ethical wrongdoing, ethically positive effects, misuse, privacy and security. More importantly, when they are discussed, they are presented as constituting no real critical problem. Regarding discursive practices, the media coverage is highly influenced by foreign media and most of the articles are directed to well-educated Indonesians. Finally, regarding social practices, the authors hold that the government ideology of technological advancement is related to this positive portrayal of VAs.
Originality/value
First, to provide the first media discourse study about ethical issues of VAs. Second, to provide insights from a non-Western context, namely, Indonesia, which is underrepresented in the research on ethics of VAs.
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Mateusz Tomasz Kot and Grzegorz Leszczyński
Interactions are fundamental for successful relationships and stable cooperation in a business-to-business market. The main assumption in research on interactions, so obvious that…
Abstract
Purpose
Interactions are fundamental for successful relationships and stable cooperation in a business-to-business market. The main assumption in research on interactions, so obvious that usually not stated by researchers, is that they are set between humans. The development of artificial intelligence forces the re-examination of this assumption. This paper aims to conceptualize business virtual assistants (BVAs), a type of intelligent agent, as either a boundary object or an actor within business interactions.
Design/methodology/approach
Reference is made to the literature on business interactions, boundary objects and identity attribution to problematize the process of interpretation through which BVA obtains an identity. The ARA model and the model of interaction process is used to create a theoretical framework.
Findings
This paper contributes to the literature on business interactions, and to the core of the IMP discussion, in three aspects. The first provides a framework to understand the phenomenon of an artificial entity as an interlocutor in business interactions. While doing that a new type of entity, BVA, is introduced. The second contribution is the exploration and augmentation of the concept of a business actor. The third calls attention to BVA as a boundary object. These issues are seen as essential to move forward the discussion about the meaning of business interaction in the near future.
Originality/value
This paper conceptualizes the presence of a new entity – BVA – in the business landscape.
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Andrea Strinić, Magnus Carlsson and Jens Agerström
The purpose of the current study is to investigate occupational stereotypes among a professional sample of recruiters and other employees on the two fundamental dimensions of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the current study is to investigate occupational stereotypes among a professional sample of recruiters and other employees on the two fundamental dimensions of warmth and competence.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a survey to collect professionals´ (mostly recruiters´) ratings of preselected occupations. Participants were asked to rate warmth and competence attributes. Factor and cluster analysis were employed to investigate the two-dimensional structure of the warmth/competence space and how and whether occupations cluster as predicted by the stereotype content model (SCM).
Findings
Almost all occupations showed a clear two-factorial structure, corresponding to the warmth/competence dimensions. A five-cluster solution was deemed appropriate as depicting how occupations disperse on these dimensions. Implications for stereotyping research, the design of hiring discrimination experiments, and HRM are discussed.
Originality/value
In contrast to previous related research, in which participants select the included occupations themselves, the authors included prespecified common occupations, which should be important for representativeness. In addition, previous research has been conducted in the United States, while the authors conduct this study in a European context (Sweden). Finally, instead of studying students or participants with unspecified work experience, the authors focus on professionals (mostly recruiters).
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Quivine Ndomo, Ilona Bontenbal and Nathan A. Lillie
The purpose of this paper is to characterise the position of highly educated African migrants in the Finnish labour market and to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to characterise the position of highly educated African migrants in the Finnish labour market and to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on that position.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on the biographical work stories of 17 highly educated African migrant workers in four occupation areas in Finland: healthcare, cleaning, restaurant and transport. The sample was partly purposively and partly theoretically determined. The authors used content driven thematic analysis technique, combined with by the biographical narrative concept of turning points.
Findings
Using the case of highly educated African migrants in the Finnish labour market, the authors show how student migration policies reinforce a pattern of division of labour and occupations that allocate migrant workers to typical low skilled low status occupations in the secondary sector regardless of level of education, qualification and work experience. They also show how the unique labour and skill demands of the COVID-19 pandemic incidentally made these typical migrant occupations essential, resulting in increased employment and work security for this group of migrant workers.
Research limitations/implications
This research and the authors’ findings are limited in scope owing to sample size and methodology. To improve applicability of findings, future studies could expand the scope of enquiry using e.g. quantitative surveys and include other stakeholders in the study group.
Originality/value
The paper adds to the knowledge on how migration policies contribute to labour market dualisation and occupational segmentation in Finland, illustrated by the case of highly educated African migrant workers.
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Keywords
Marcia Combs, Casey Hazelwood and Randall Joyce
Digital voice assistants use wake word engines (WWEs) to monitor surrounding audio for detection of the voice assistant's name. There are two failed conditions for a WWE, false…
Abstract
Purpose
Digital voice assistants use wake word engines (WWEs) to monitor surrounding audio for detection of the voice assistant's name. There are two failed conditions for a WWE, false negative and false positive. Wake word false positives threaten a loss of personal privacy because, upon activation, the digital assistant records audio to the voice cloud service for processing.
Design/methodology/approach
This observational study attempted to identify which Amazon Alexa wake word and Amazon Echo smart speaker resulted in the fewest number of human voice false positives. During an eight-week period, false-positive data were collected from four different Amazon Echo smart speakers located in a small apartment with three female roommates.
Findings
Results from this study suggest the number of human voice false positives are related to wake word selection and Amazon Echo hardware. Results from this observational study determined that the wake word Alexa resulted in the fewest number of false positives.
Originality/value
This study suggests Amazon Alexa users can better protect their privacy by selecting Alexa as their wake word and selecting smart speakers with the highest number of microphones in the far-field array with 360-degree geometry.
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Cristina Mele, Tiziana Russo-Spena, MariaLuisa Marzullo and Andrea Ruggiero
How to improve healthcare for the ageing population is attracting academia attention. Emerging technologies (i.e. robots and intelligent agents) look relevant. This paper aims to…
Abstract
Purpose
How to improve healthcare for the ageing population is attracting academia attention. Emerging technologies (i.e. robots and intelligent agents) look relevant. This paper aims to analyze the role of cognitive assistants as boundary objects in value co-creation practices. We include the perceptions of the main actors – patients, (in)formal caregivers, healthcare professionals – for a fuller network perspective to understand the potential overlap between boundary work and value co-creation practices.
Design/methodology/approach
We adopted a grounded approach to gain a contextual understanding design to effectively interpret context and meanings related to human–robot interactions. The study context concerns 21 health solutions that had embedded the Watson cognitive platform and its adoption by the youngest cohort (50–64-year-olds) of the ageing population.
Findings
The cognitive assistant acts as a boundary object by bridging actors, resources and activities. It enacts the boundary work of actors (both ageing and professional, caregivers, families) consisting of four main actions (automated dialoguing, augmented sharing, connected learning and multilayered trusting) that elicit two ageing value co-creation practices: empowering ageing actors in medical care and engaging ageing actors in a healthy lifestyle.
Originality/value
We frame the role of cognitive assistants as boundary objects enabling the boundary work of ageing actors for value co-creation. A cognitive assistant is an “object of activity” that mediates in actors' boundary work by offering novel resource interfaces and widening resource access and resourceness. The boundary work of ageing actors lies in a smarter resource integration that yields broader applications for augmented agency.
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Laura Sheerman, Hannah R. Marston, Charles Musselwhite and Deborah Morgan
Technologies are ubiquitous in modern Britain, gradually infiltrating many areas of our working and personal lives. But what role can technology play in the current COVID-19…
Abstract
Technologies are ubiquitous in modern Britain, gradually infiltrating many areas of our working and personal lives. But what role can technology play in the current COVID-19 pandemic? At a time when our usual face to face social interactions are temporarily suspended, many of us have reached out to technology (e.g. Skype, WhatsApp, Facebook, Zoom) to help maintain a sense of closeness and connection to friends, family and vital services.
One largely unsung technology is the virtual assistant (VA), a cost-efficient technology enabling users to access the Internet of Things using little more than voice. Deploying an ecological framework, in the context of smart age-friendly cities, this paper explores how VA technology can function as an emergency response system, providing citizens with systems to connect with friends, family, vital services and offering assistance in the diagnosis of COVID-19.
We provide an illustration of the potentials and challenges VAs present, concluding stricter regulation and controls should be implemented before VAs can be safely integrated into smart age-friendly cities across the globe.
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Valentina Pitardi, Jochen Wirtz, Stefanie Paluch and Werner H. Kunz
Extant research mainly focused on potentially negative customer responses to service robots. In contrast, this study is one of the first to explore a service context where service…
Abstract
Purpose
Extant research mainly focused on potentially negative customer responses to service robots. In contrast, this study is one of the first to explore a service context where service robots are likely to be the preferred service delivery mechanism over human frontline employees. Specifically, the authors examine how customers respond to service robots in the context of embarrassing service encounters.
Design/methodology/approach
This study employs a mixed-method approach, whereby an in-depth qualitative study (study 1) is followed by two lab experiments (studies 2 and 3).
Findings
Results show that interactions with service robots attenuated customers' anticipated embarrassment. Study 1 identifies a number of factors that can reduce embarrassment. These include the perception that service robots have reduced agency (e.g. are not able to make moral or social judgements) and emotions (e.g. are not able to have feelings). Study 2 tests the base model and shows that people feel less embarrassed during a potentially embarrassing encounter when interacting with service robots compared to frontline employees. Finally, Study 3 confirms that perceived agency, but not emotion, fully mediates frontline counterparty (employee vs robot) effects on anticipated embarrassment.
Practical implications
Service robots can add value by reducing potential customer embarrassment because they are perceived to have less agency than service employees. This makes service robots the preferred service delivery mechanism for at least some customers in potentially embarrassing service encounters (e.g. in certain medical contexts).
Originality/value
This study is one of the first to examine a context where service robots are the preferred service delivery mechanism over human employees.
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Gaby Odekerken-Schröder, Cristina Mele, Tiziana Russo-Spena, Dominik Mahr and Andrea Ruggiero
Loneliness and isolation are on the rise, globally threatening the well-being across age groups; global social distancing measures during the COVID-19 crisis have intensified this…
Abstract
Purpose
Loneliness and isolation are on the rise, globally threatening the well-being across age groups; global social distancing measures during the COVID-19 crisis have intensified this so-called “loneliness virus”. The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrative framework and research agenda on the role of companion robots in mitigating feelings of loneliness.
Design/methodology/approach
A netnographic analysis of 595 online visual and textual descriptions offer empirical insights about the role of the companion robot Vector during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Findings
The contributions of this study are twofold. First, it postulates that companion robots have the potential of mitigating feelings of loneliness (i.e. indicator of well-being). Second, this study contributes to transformative service by developing an integrative framework introducing the roles (personal assistant, relational peer and intimate buddy) that companion robots can fulfill to mitigate feelings of loneliness through building different types of supportive relationships.
Research limitations/implications
The proposed research agenda encourages future service scholars to investigate 1) the role of robots in addressing loneliness, 2) design features that drive adoption of robots, 3) social support for different groups, 4) the operationalization and the measurement of loneliness and 5) an impact analysis of companion robots.
Practical implications
Service providers and policy makers can leverage the insights about how companion robots can help reduce a sense of loneliness.
Originality/value
The integrative framework on loneliness reduction, based on 595 unprompted online contributions issued during the COVID-19 pandemic, offers initial evidence for the impact of companion robots in reducing people's feelings of loneliness.
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