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Households suffering from poverty often rely on parental migration and/or paid child labour for survival. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of parental migration on paid child labour and human capital formation in a dynamic context, explicitly taking the effects of parental migration on child’s school and home education into account.

The author utilises a mathematical method. In particular, an overlapping-generations model is built, with agents who have a two-period life. The amount of paid child labour is determined as a solution of the utility maximisation problem.

Contrary to intuition, parental migration possibilities do not necessarily reduce paid child labour. In addition, parental migration possibilities do not necessarily raise human capital. Moreover, a trade-off might exist between alleviating paid child labour and raising human capital under parental migration possibilities.

Migration possibilities are given exogenously evenly among potential migrants by the foreign country. However, in general, they depend on potential migrants’ human capital so that migration possibilities differ across agents.

Migration is usually considered effective in alleviating poverty. However, since it does not necessarily reduce paid child labour and raise human capital, migration should be regulated in some cases as a means to escape from poverty.

This paper deals with parental migration and paid child labour in an identical dynamic model. This paper assumes that human capital is built not only by school education but also home education, the amount of which changes with the duration of parental migration.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how parental migration due to poverty affects a child’s education and human capital formation through changes in the child’s supply of unpaid labour.

The paper uses a small open overlapping generations model where the parent migrates for the family’s subsistence and that the child has to give up a part of education to do the housework during the parent’s absence.

The paper finds that given the level of the human capital, reducing the child’s burden of housework and promoting parental migration to high-wage countries do not necessarily raise the amount of child’s education. The paper also finds a possible underdevelopment trap in the dynamic context.

Unlike previous studies on child labour, this paper focuses on unpaid labour, whose share is actually larger than that of paid labour. Even if paid labour is available, children cannot re-allocate their time from doing the housework to the market work; so the author cannot disregard this observation. Investigation into the dynamics of human capital formation under such child labour is new.

This paper aims to utilize a mixed-embeddedness approach to examine how state welfare policies, employment conditions and gender norms shape orientations to divisions of business and domestic labor among Czech copreneurs, i.e. romantic couples involved in businesses together.

Twelve copreneur couples were interviewed; male and female partners were interviewed separately. Women’s narratives are centered in analyzing motivations for business, divisions of labor, orientation to business/family and state policies. After detailing women’s orientations, correspondence with male partner orientations is considered.

Analysis reveals how state policies, employment conditions and gender norms inform copreneur narratives about business and family life in the Czech Republic. Female respondents expressed three orientations: business as opportunity, business for family and business/home as teamwork. Women tended both business and family, whereas most male partners focused exclusively on business.

Although the small, purposive sample was not representative of all Czech copreneurs, findings detail how social context frames business/family dynamics.

This mixed-embeddedness perspective demonstrates how gender norms, state taxation and welfare shape the organization of Czech copreneurships and can support or discourage women’s entrepreneurship.

Mechanisms producing gender inequality in copreneur businesses are revealed.

Findings identify connections between female copreneur business/family orientations and the context of gender regimes, state policy and employment practices in a post-socialist country. Also revealed are changing orientations across family and business stages.

Many child‐focused civil society organisations (CSOs) working in Africa, Asia and South America have shifted from organising their work around children's needs to promoting their rights. The rights‐based frameworks they use are informed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. This article explores the value of global rights. Ethnographic studies about the lives of young people and their transition into adulthood point to diversity of ideas about childhood in different parts of the world, raising questions about whether the idea of universal child rights can accommodate such varied worldviews. Yet CSOs have often failed to take account of this diversity in the way they use rights frameworks. Research by anthropologists about children in three situations ‐ at work, on the move and facing violence ‐ is used here to reveal the problems caused if rights frameworks are used without sufficient understanding of context and complexity.

Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some legal aspects concerning MNEs, cyberspace and e‐commerce as the means of expression of the digital economy. The whole effort of the author is focused on the examination of various aspects of MNEs and their impact upon globalisation and vice versa and how and if we are moving towards a global digital economy.

This article briefly discusses the history of the American labour force. Following by a discussion of the importance of enforcement of labour standards as well as an in‐depth look within the Division of Labor Standards Enforcement, including its function units and specifically what each unit is responsible for. Then there are a couple of short definitions of labour standards followed by some criticism, as well as their opposing arguments. A short section follows discussing what is believed to be the key functional prerequisites to have successful labour standards. The article concludes by posing the question of whether the labour standards are adequately enforced and the opinions from various sides: labour, management, and state agency representatives.

As head of the corporate citizenship unit at the UK's Warwick Business School and a former European director of the Council on Economic Priorities Malcolm McIntosh is well placed to assess the clamorous interest of businesses in the “values chain” since the launch last year of SA 8000. He talked to Jan Jonker about the spread of the international standard for social accountability and where it is leading.

The food industry and its associated agricultural production have very significant global environmental and social impacts. The purpose of this study is to apply and evaluate the use of institutional theory and extended resource-based view (ERBV) to sustainability in food manufacturing and its supply chains. This will provide an understanding of the pressures that facilitate sustainability responses in food manufacturers and their supply chains.

An investigation of the Nespresso company and a multinational confectionery company were used to highlight the pressures that an organisation can face with respect to sustainability and demonstrate its responses using institutional theory and ERBV.

Based on ERBV and institutional theory, the authors developed an integrated conceptual framework that is readily applicable to food manufacturers and their supply chains and improves our understanding of how they react.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that both ERBV and institutional theory have been used to evaluate sustainability in food manufacturers and their supply chains. It is also the first time that the sustainability responses of the Nespresso company and another food manufacturer have been evaluated using these combined theories and this should improve our understanding of how these theories interact.

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the results of research work aimed at investigating the approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) by Italian companies, and at analysing the emerging analogies and differences in the light of some explanatory contingent variables.

Case study methodology was used for the empirical analysis, due to the objectives and the exploratory nature of the research. The results of the empirical analysis were then used to build an explanatory model of the correlationships between contingent (exogenous) variables and endogenous parameters (i.e. CSR approaches descriptive variables).

The results of the empirical analysis show that there are some industry‐specific aspects, which seem to influence the choices of top management of the interviewed companies. Other relevant context factors seems to be the size and the degree of internationalisation of a company, as well as factors linked to a predominant value system (named “corporate DNA”) and the level of integration between CSR strategy with the overall competitive strategy.

Owing to the research methodology used for the empirical analysis, and the relatively low number of case studies, results cannot be generalised. This was the first stage of a larger research project. Next steps will include both more extensive empirical analysis to test the relevance of the most important correlationships that have been identified, as well as more thorough analysis on industry‐specific issues (through case studies).

The paper is useful both for scholars/academics dealing with CSR, and for managers of companies that operate in the analysed industries.

The paper makes a contribution to the understanding of the different behaviour of companies with regard to CSR issues. In particular, it focuses on Italian companies, and tries to make a first systematisation of the empirical findings according to a contingent approach. It provides also an interesting basis for a cross‐country analysis.