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Examines the tenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.

In this work, the sensing and actuating elements are designed with interdigitated capacitors away from the sensitive element on which the droplet is placed. This pattern helps to prevent interference of electrical elements with the droplet. Choosing shear resonance mode at this proposed structure minimizes the damping effect of droplet touch by the resonator structure. The glass-based standard fabrication method of the proposed biosensor is presented exactly.

Mechanical resonator sensors are extremely limited because of the high damping factor and the high electrical conductivity in the aqueous environment. In this work, a molecule detector biosensor is proposed for droplet analysis, which is possible to fabricate using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. By electromechanical coupling of resonators as a mechanical resonator structure, a standing mechanical wave is formed at this structure by electrostatic actuating elements.

In this paper, a mechanical resonator structure as a biosensor is proposed for micro-droplet analysis that can be fabricated by MEMS technology. It is designed at a lower cost fabrication method using electrostatic technology and interdigitated capacitors. The response of the biosensor displacement frequency at the resonance frequency of the desired mode is reasonable for measuring the capacitive changes of its output. The mass sensitivity of the proposed biosensor is in the range of 1 ng, and it has a large sensitive area for capturing target molecules.

To evaluate the quality of the proposed design, the stimulated analysis is conducted by COMSOL and results are presented.

The purpose of this paper is to find a method for key assembly structure identification in complex mechanical assembly. Three-dimensional model reuse plays an increasingly important role in complex product design and innovative design. Assembly model has become important resource of models reuse in enterprises, which contains certain function assembly structures. These assembly structures implicating plenty of design intent and design experience knowledge can be used to support function-structure design, modular design reuse and semantics analysis for complex product.

A method for identifying key assembly structures in assembly model is presented from the viewpoint of assembly topology and multi-source attributes. First, assembly model is represented based on complex network. Then, a two-level evaluation model is put forward to evaluate importance of parts assembled, and the key function parts in assembly can be obtained. After that, on the basis of the function parts, a heuristic algorithm upon breadth first searching is given to identify key assembly structures.

The method could be used to evaluate key function parts and identify key assembly structures in complex mechanical assembly according to the specific circumstances.

The method can not only help designers find the key assembly structure in complex mechanical assembly model, facilitate the function-structure designing and semantics analyzing, and thereby improve the efficiency of product knowledge reuse, but also assist in analyzing influence scope of key function part changing and optimization of the assembly process for complex mechanical assembly.

The paper is the first to propose a method for key assembly structure identification in complex mechanical assembly, where the key function parts can be evaluated through a two-level evaluation model, and the key assembly structures are identified automatically based on complex network.

The purpose of this study is focused on the mechanical properties of multi-materials porous structures manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM).

The Diamond structure was designed by the triply periodic minimal surface function in MATLAB, and multi-materials porous structures were manufactured by SLM. Compression tests were applied to analyze the anisotropy of mechanical properties of multi-materials porous structures.

Compression results show that the multi-materials porous structure has a strong anisotropy behavior. When the compression force direction is parallel to the material arrangement, multi-materials porous structure was compressed in a layer-by-layer way, which is the traditional deformation of the gradient structure. However, when the compression force direction is perpendicular to the material arrangement, the compression curves show a near-periodic saw-tooth waveform characteristic, and this kind of structure was compressed consistently. It is demonstrated that the combination with high strength brittle material and low strength plastic material improves compression mode, and plastic material plays a role in buffering fracture.

This research provides a new method for the design and manufacturing of multi-materials porous structures and an approach to change the compression behavior of the porous structure.

Examines the thirteenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.

Despite recognizing the significance of risk-based frameworks in fire safety engineering, the usual approach in structural fire design is largely member/component level, wherein effect of uncertainties influencing the fire resistance of structures are not explicitly considered. In this context, a probabilistic framework is presented to investigate the vulnerability of a reinforced concrete (RC) members and structure under fire loading scenario.

The RC structures exposed to fire are modeled in a finite element (FE) platform incorporating material and geometric nonlinearity, in which the transient thermo-mechanical analysis is carried out by suitably incorporating the temperature variation of thermal and mechanical properties of both concrete and steel rebar. The stochasticity in the system is considered in structural resistance, thermal and fire model parameters, and the subsequent fragility curves are developed considering threshold limit state of deflection.

The fire resistance of RC structure is reported to be significantly lower in comparison to the RC members, thereby illustrating the current prescriptive design approaches based on studies of structural member behavior to be crucial from a safety and reliability point of view.

The framework developed for the vulnerability assessment of RC structures under fire hazard through FE analysis can be effectively used to estimate the structural fire resistance for other similar structure to enhance safety and reliability of structures under such extreme threats.

The paper proposes a novel methodology for vulnerability assessment of three-dimensional RC structures under fire hazard through FE analysis and provides comparison of the structural fragility with fragility developed for structural members. Moreover, the research emphasizes to assume 3D behavior of the structure rather than the approximate 2D behavior.

This paper aims to clarify the relationship between mechanical behaviors and the underlying geometry of periodic cellular structures. Particularly, the answer to the following research question is investigated: Can seemingly different geometries of the repeating unit cells of periodic cellular structure result in similar functional behaviors? The study aims to cluster the geometry-functional behavior relationship into different categories.

Specifically, the effects of the geometry on the compressive deformation (mechanical behavior) responses of multiple standardized cubic periodic cellular structures (CPCS) at macro scales are investigated through both physical tests and finite element simulations of three-dimensional (3D) printed samples. Additionally, these multiple CPCS can be further nested into the shell of 3D models of various mechanical domain parts to demonstrate the influence of their geometries in practical applications.

The paper provides insights into how different CPCS (geometrically different unit cells) influence their compressive deformation behaviors. It suggests a standardized strategy for comparing mechanical behaviors of different CPCS.

This paper is the first work in the research domain to investigate if seemingly different geometries of the underlying unit cell can result in similar mechanical behaviors. It also fulfills the need to infill and lattify real functional parts with geometrically complex unit cells. Existing work mainly focused on simple shapes such as basic trusses or cubes with spherical holes.

This paper aims to establish a multiscale topology optimization method for the optimal design of non-periodic, self-supporting cellular structures subjected to thermo-mechanical loads. The result is a hierarchically complex design that is thermally efficient, mechanically stable and suitable for additive manufacturing (AM).

The proposed method seeks to maximize thermo-mechanical performance at the macroscale in a conceptual design while obtaining maximum shear modulus for each unit cell at the mesoscale. Then, the macroscale performance is re-estimated, and the mesoscale design is updated until the macroscale performance is satisfied.

A two-dimensional Messerschmitt Bolkow Bolhm (MBB) beam withstanding thermo-mechanical load is presented to illustrate the proposed design method. Furthermore, the method is implemented to optimize a three-dimensional injection mold, which is successfully prototyped using 420 stainless steel infiltrated with bronze.

By developing a computationally efficient and manufacturing friendly inverse homogenization approach, the novel multiscale design could generate porous molds which can save up to 30 per cent material compared to their solid counterpart without decreasing thermo-mechanical performance.

This study is a useful tool for the designer in molding industries to reduce the cost of the injection mold and take full advantage of AM.

Discusses the 6th ITCRR, its breadth of textile and clothing research activity, plus the encouragement given to workers in this field and its related areas. States that, within the newer research areas under the microscope of the community involved, technical textiles focuses on new, ‘smart’ garments and the initiatives in this field in both the UK and the international community at large. Covers this subject at length.

The purpose of this paper is to present the original study of an industrial device. Industrial inductors are used to decrease the current variations, resulting from the use of modern power converters. To reduce these variations, the magnetic energy stored in these components is automatically used when the receptor is unconnected to the principal sources. Such storage is generally obtained by using a magnetic circuit containing air‐gaps. The rigidity of this circuit, associated with the magnetic stresses which appear in these areas, causes the structure to produce mechanical vibration and to emit audible sounds.

Experiments, simulations and test devices are used to determine the main physical phenomenon that generates the undesirable audible noise. The resulting knowledge is used to design a quieter device.

The mechanical vibrations and emitted noises are attached to magnetic effects. Even if it is not possible to suppress all these effects, the level of sound emitted can be decreased through a suitable design of the magnetic core.

Industrial inductors are usually built and designed using methods coming from the transformer studies. A new concept for the design of the magnetic core is presented. Experimental approaches and numerical simulations are performed in order to highlight the physical behaviours of the coils and their magnetic coupling to the magnetic core. It appears that breaking the magnetic core into free parts is an original solution that decreases the emitted noise.