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This chapter is focused on the specification and integration of intercultural variables for human machine systems and the description of content analysis for these variables. Starting with basics of culture-oriented design, these are followed by an approach to machine localization issues and a cost model, then basics of the intercultural design and human machine system engineering process, a definition and specification of intercultural variables, a systematic treatment for their integration into the process, and a description of how to use these variables in the process. Finally, an example of an intercultural variables approach to “information coding” in a human-machine system is presented for China and Germany.

Machine design and manufacture is the key to the advancement of manufacturing industry. Before any machine can be designed, it is important to establish requirements of the machine. Identifies quality function deployment (QFD) as one of the tools that can be used to identify customer needs and link the needs to product design. By bringing forward customers’ requirements into the design process, design rework and unnecessary iteration between design and manufacture can be reduced. In this project, QFD for a pultrusion machine design has been chosen as a case study. QFD was applied at the front end of the design process. The QFD process started with identifying the customers and determining their needs. These needs were translated into engineering requirements which were then used to formulate general specifications of the machine. A step by step approach was introduced to make the QFD process more manageable. Reports on the first phase of a research project in which QFD was used to capture all vital information from the customers and translated that into engineering requirements.

Discusses the 27 papers in ISEF 1999 Proceedings on the subject of electromagnetisms. States the groups of papers cover such subjects within the discipline as: induction machines; reluctance motors; PM motors; transformers and reactors; and special problems and applications. Debates all of these in great detail and itemizes each with greater in‐depth discussion of the various technical applications and areas. Concludes that the recommendations made should be adhered to.

This paper presents Quick Changeover Design (QCD), which is a structured methodological approach for Original Equipment Manufacturers to drive and support the design of machines in terms of rapid changeover capability.

To improve the performance in terms of set up time, QCD addresses machine design from a single-minute digit exchange of die (SMED). Although conceived to aid the design of completely new machines, QCD can be adapted to support for simple design upgrades on pre-existing machines. The QCD is structured in three consecutive steps, each supported by specific tools and analysis forms to facilitate and better structure the designers' activities.

QCD helps equipment manufacturers to understand the current and future needs of the manufacturers' customers to: (1) anticipate the requirements for new and different set-up process; (2) prioritize the possible technical solutions; (3) build machines and equipment that are easy and fast to set-up under variable contexts. When applied to a production system consisting of machines subject to frequent or time-consuming set-up processes, QCD enhances both responsiveness to external market demands and internal control of factory operations.

The QCD approach is a support system for the development of completely new machines and is also particularly effective in upgrading existing ones. QCD's practical application is demonstrated using a case study concerning a vertical spindle machine.

This paper aims to propose a spoke-type fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCW) PM machine for EVs driving system to improve torque density. To further improve electromagnetic performance, the multi-objective optimization design is processed based on response surface (RS) model and simulated annealing cuckoo search (SA-CS) algorithm.

The spoke-type FSCW PM machine is designed and optimized to meet the requirement of EVs driving system. First, a spoke-type FSCW PM machine is designed and some of key parameters are obtained based on equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) method. Then, the RS model and modified SA-CS algorithm are proposed to obtain higher torque, lower torque ripple and higher efficiency.

After verification by finite element method for no-load and load performance, the optimal machine has higher torque density, lower torque ripple and higher efficiency compared with initial machine. Finally, a 20 kW prototype is manufactured and tested to verify the validity of the proposed optimization design method.

This paper designs a high torque density spoke-type FSCW PM machine, which is superior for EVs driving system. Meanwhile, a novel modified SA-CS algorithm is applied to the field of electrical machine multi-objective optimal design.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparison of synchronous permanent magnet machine types for wide constant power speed range operation.

A combination of analytical models and finite element analysis is used to conduct this study.

The paper has presented a detailed comparison between various types of synchronous PM machines for applications requiring a wide speed range of constant‐power operation. Key observations include: surface permanent magnet (SPM) and interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines can both be designed to achieve wide speed ranges of constant‐power operation. SPM machines with fractional‐slot concentrated windings offer opportunities to minimize machine volume and mass because of their short winding end turns and techniques for achieving high‐slot fill factors via stator pole segmentation. High back‐emf voltage at elevated speeds is a particular issue for SPM machines, but also poses problems for IPM machine designs when tight maximum limits are applied. Magnet eddy‐current losses pose a bigger design issue for SPM machines, but design techniques can be applied to significantly reduce the magnitude of these losses. Additional calculations not included here suggest that the performance characteristics of the inverters accompanying each of the four PM machines are quite similar, despite the differences in machine pole number and electrical frequency.

The paper is targeting traction applications where a very wide speed range of constant‐power operation is required.

Results presented are intended to provide useful guidelines for engineers faced with choosing the most appropriate PM machine for high‐constant power speed ratio applications. As in most real‐world drive design exercises, the choice of PM machine type involves several trade‐offs that must be carefully evaluated for each specific application.

The paper provides a comprehensive comparison between different types of synchronous PM machines, which is very useful in determining the most suitable type for various applications.

In manufacturing, dedicated machine tools and flexible machine tools are failing to satisfy the ever-changing manufacturing demands of short life cycles and dynamic nature of products. These machines are limited when new product designs are introduced. The solution lies in developing responsive machines that can be adjusted or be changed functionally when these change requirements arise. These machines are reconfigurable machines which are becoming the new focus, as they rapidly respond to product variety and volume changes. A sheet metal working machine known as a reconfigurable guillotine shear and bending press machine (RGS&BPM) has been developed. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology, function-oriented design approach (FODA), which was developed for the design of the RGS&BPM.

The design of the machine is based on the six principles of reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs), namely, modularity, scalability integrability, convertibility, diagnosability and customisability. The methodology seeks to optimise the design process of the RGS&BPM through a design of modules that make up the machine, enable its conversion and reconfiguration. The FODA is focussed on function identification to select the operational function required. Two main functions are recognised for the machine, these being cutting and bending; hence, the design revolves around these two and reconfigurability.

The developed design methodology was tested in the design of a prototype for the reconfigurable guillotine shear and bending press machine. The prototype is currently being manufactured and will be subjected to functional tests once completed. This paper is being presented not only to present the methodology by to show and highlight its practical applicability, as the prototype manufacturers have been enthusiastic about this new approach.

The research was limited to the design methodology for the RGS&BPM, the machine which has been designed to completion using this methodology, with prototype being manufactured.

This study presents critical steps and considerations in the development of reconfigurable machines. The main thrust being to explore the best possibility of developing the machines with dual functionality that will assist in availing the technology to manufacturer. As the machine has been development, the success of the design can be directly attributed to the FODA methodology, among other contributing factors. It also highlights the significance of the principles of RMS in reconfigurable machine design.

The RGS&BM machine is an answer for the small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs), as the machine replaces two machines with one, and the methodology ensures its affordable design. It contributes immensely to the machine availability by eliminating trial and error approaches.

This study presents a new approach to the design of reconfigurable dual machines using principles of RMS. As the targeted market is the SME, it is not limited to that as any entrepreneur may use the machine to their advantage. The design methodology presented contributes to the body of knowledge in dual reconfigurable machine tool design.

Presents a new design methodology and an integrated approach for the design of manufacturing systems. The methodology discusses the steps leading to design of manufacturing systems; the integrated approach suggests ways of integrating the different stages of manufacturing system design using genetic algorithms. The methodology and approach has been used for an industrial case study and the result has shown that the approach is effective.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for product service system (PSS) design for machine tools and discuss the PSS implementation issues focusing on the Indian machine tool business sector.

The paper opted for an exploratory survey conducted in the Indian machine tool sector including 39 in-depth interviews with employees of different organizations representing middle and senior management having decision-making authority. It also involves proposing a framework to address the stakeholder’s requirements for services that offers foundation for PSS designers.

The paper helps get an insights about key issues for PSS implementation by the Indian machine tool sector. The hybrid PSS model proposed in the paper can address the stakeholder’s requirements for flexibility in business models through different business phases.

The paper offers suggestions for the development of PSS for machine tools for designers and identify issues to be considered particularly in Indian machine tools business context.

This paper provides an insight to judge the feasibility of PSS concept for machine tools in Indian context and offers framework for PSS designers.

The purpose of this paper is to present optimally designed synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) to demonstrate the feasibility of eliminating the use of rare earth permanent magnet (PM) in electric machine for vehicle traction applications.

A typical rare earth interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine is used as the benchmark to conduct the optimal design study. Based on the flux distribution, major changes are made to the rotor lamination design. Enhanced torque production and lower torque ripple are specifically targeted as the two main objectives of the proposed design approach.

As a result, the optimally designed SynRM can achieve performance very close to that of the benchmark PM machine with a potential for further improvement.

Discussions of IPM replacement by optimally designed SynRM in electrical and hybrid electrical vehicles are given in terms of performance and cost.