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The purpose of this study is to investigate the Soret and Dufour effects on the double-diffusive convective boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a moving wedge in the presence of suction.

The similarity transformation is applied to convert the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. Then, they are solved numerically by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta–Gill method along with the shooting technique and the Newton–Raphson method. In addition, the ordinary differential equations are also analytically solved by the homotopy analysis method.

The results for dimensionless velocity, temperature, solutal concentration and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles, as well as local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt and local Sherwood numbers are presented through the plots for various combinations of pertinent parameters involved in the study. The heat transfer rate increases on increasing the Soret parameter and it decreases on increasing the Dufour parameter. The mass transfer behaves oppositely to heat transfer.

In engineering applications, a wedge is used to hold objects in place, such as engine parts in the gate valves. A gate valve is the valve that opens by lifting a wedge-shaped disc to control the timing and quantity of fluid flow into an engine.

No such investigation is available in literature, and therefore, the results obtained are novel.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Newtonian heating and slip effect on mixed convective flow near a stagnation point in a porous medium with thermal radiation in the presence of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction.

The governing nonlinear coupled equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by similarity transformation. These equations are solved numerically using a Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with shooting technique and analytically using the homotopy analysis method (HAM).

The effects of different parameters on the fluid flow and heat transfer are investigated. It is found that the velocity and temperature profiles increase on an increase in the Biot number. The velocity and concentration profiles increase on decreasing the chemical reaction parameter.

This paper is helpful to the engineers and scientists in the field of thermal and manufacturing engineering.

The two-dimensional boundary layer flow over a vertical plate with slip and convective boundary conditions near the stagnation-point is analysed in the presence of magnetic field, radiation and heat generation/absorption. This paper is helpful to the engineers and scientists in the field of thermal and manufacturing engineering.

The purpose of this paper is to study natural convective flow and heat transfer in a sinusoidally heated wavy porous cavity in the presence of internal heat generation or absorption.

Sinusoidal heating is applied on the vertical left wall of the cavity, whereas the wavy right wall is cooled at a constant temperature. The top and bottom walls are taken to be adiabatic. The Darcy model is adopted for fluid flow through the porous medium in the cavity. The governing equations and boundary conditions are solved using the finite difference method over a range of amplitudes and number of undulations of the wavy wall, Darcy–Rayleigh numbers and internal heat generation/absorption parameters.

The results are presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms and Nusselt numbers for different values of right wall waviness, Darcy–Rayleigh number and internal heat generation parameter. The flow field and temperature distribution in the cavity are affected by the waviness of the right wall. The wavy nature of the cavity also enhances the heat transfer into the system. The heat transfer rate in the cavity decreases with an increase in the internal heat generation/absorption parameter.

The present investigation is conducted for steady, two-dimensional natural convective flow in a wavy cavity filled with Darcy porous medium. The waviness of the right wall is described by the amplitude and number of undulations with a well-defined mathematical function. An extension of the present study with the effects of cavity inclination and aspect ratio will be the interest for future work.

The study might be useful for the design of solar collectors, room ventilation systems and electronic cooling systems.

This work examines the effects of sinusoidal heating on convective heat transfer in a wavy porous cavity in the presence of internal heat generation or absorption. The study might be useful for the design of solar collectors, room ventilation systems and electronic cooling systems.

The aim of the present study is to analyze the natural convection flow and heat transfer of cold water around °C in a square porous cavity. The horizontal walls of cavity are adiabatic, and the vertical walls are maintained at different temperatures. The right side wall is maintained at temperature θ_c, and the left side wall is maintained at sinusoidal temperature distribution.

The Brinkman–Forchheimer-extended Darcy model for porous medium is used to study the effects of density inversion parameter, Rayleigh number and impact of Darcy number and porosity. The finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations.

The heat transfer rate is increased on increasing the Darcy number and porosity. Also, the convective heat transfer rate is decreased first and then increased on increasing the density inversion parameter.

The numerical computations have been carried out for the Darcy number ranging of 10⁽⁻⁴⁾ ≤ Da ≤ 10⁽⁻¹⁾, the porosity ranging of 0.4 ≤ ε ≤ 0.8 and the density inversion parameter ranging of 0 ≤ T_m ≤ 1 and keeping Ra = 10⁶.

The results can be used in the cooling of electronic components, thermal storage system and in heat exchangers.

The choice of consideration of sinusoidal heating and density maximum effect produces good result in flow field and temperature distribution. The obtained results can be used in various fields.

This paper aims to explore the double diffusive magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) squeezed flow of (Cu–water) nanofluid between two analogous plates filled with Darcy porous material in existence of chemical reaction and external magnetic field.

The governing nonlinear equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transforms, and the coupled mass and heat transference equations are resolved analytically with the application of differential transform method (DTM). The effects of different relevant parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration, including the squeeze number, magnetic parameter, Biot number, Darcy number and chemical reaction parameter, are illustrated with figures. In addition, for various parameters, the local skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are computed and are graphically displayed.

It is observed that the squeeze number has a direct relationship with Sherwood number and an inverse relationship with skin friction as Biot number increases. With enhanced Biot numbers, the temperature value increases during both squeeze and non-squeeze moments, but the temperature values are higher for squeeze moments compared to the other case.

This research has potential applications in various large-scale enterprises that might benefit from increased productivity.

The results are useful to thermal science community.

Unique and valuable insights are provided by studying the impact of chemical reaction on double diffusive MHD squeezing copper–water nanofluid flow between parallel plates filled with porous medium. In addition, this research has potential applications in various large-scale enterprises that might benefit from increased productivity.

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of various lengths and different locations of the heater on the left sidewall in a square lid‐driven cavity.

The non‐dimensional equations are discretized by the finite‐volume method. The upwind scheme and the central difference scheme are implemented for the convection and the diffusion terms, respectively.

On increasing the Richardson number, the overall heat transfer is increased whether the length and the location of the heater is considered or not. Among the various lengths of the heater considered, the total heat transfer is better only for the length LH=1/3 of the heater if it is extended from top or bottom of the cavity. In the case of location of the heater, the average heat transfer enhances for center location of the heater. Existence of the magnetic field suppresses the convective heat transfer and the fluid flow.

The results can be used in the cooling of electronic devices and heat transfer improvement in heat exchangers.

The numerical results obtained here focus on the detailed investigation of flow and temperature field in a discretely heated lid‐driven square cavity. The findings will be helpful in many applications such as heat exchangers and cooling of electronic devices.

The purpose of this study is to use the incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics method to examine the influences of a magnetic field on the double-diffusive convection caused by a rotating circular cylinder with paddles within a square cavity filled by a nanofluid.

The cavity is saturated by two wavy layers of non-Darcy porous media with a variable amplitude parameter. The embedded circular cylinder with paddles carrying T_h and C_h is rotating around the cavity center by a uniform circular velocity.

The lineaments of nanofluid velocity and convective flow, as well as the mean of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, are represented below the variations on the frequency parameter, amplitude parameter of the wavy porous layers, Darcy parameter, nanoparticles parameter, Hartmann number and Ryleigh number. The performed simulations showed the role of paddles mounted on circular cylinders for enhancing the transmission of heat and mass within a cavity. The wavy porous layers at the lower Darcy parameter are playing as a blockage for the nanofluid flow within the porous area. Increasing the concentration of the nanoparticles to 6% reduces the maximum flow speed by 8.97% and maximum streamlines |ψ|_max by 10.76%. Increasing Hartmann number to 100 reduces the maximum flow speed by 65.83% and |ψ|_max by 75.54%.

The novelty of this work is to examine the effects of an inclined magnetic field and rotating novel shape of a circular cylinder with paddles on the transmission of heat/mass in the interior of a nanofluid-filled cavity saturated by undulating porous medium layers.

This study aims to deal the numerical simulation on buoyant convection and energy transport in an inclined cubic box with diverse locations of the heater and coolers.

The left/right walls are cooled partially whereas the other walls are kept adiabatic. In the left/right walls, three different locations of the cooler are examined, whereas heater moves in three locations in the middle of the enclosed box. The governing models are numerically solved using the finite-element method.

The simulations are done on several values of the Rayleigh number and cavity inclination angles and different locations of the heater and coolers. The results are presented in the form of streamlines, isosurfaces and Nusselt numbers for different values of parameter involved here. It is recognized that the inclination of the box and the locations of the coolers strongly influence the stream and energy transport inside the enclosed domain.

The present investigation is conducted for steady, laminar, three-dimensional natural convective flow in a box for different locations of cooler and tilting angles of a cavity. The study might be useful to the design of solar collectors, room ventilation systems and electronic cooling systems.

This work examines the effects of different locations of cooler and tilting angles of a cavity on convective heat transfer in a 3D cavity. The study is useful for thermal engineering applications.

The purpose of this paper is to carry out a hydrodynamic and thermal analysis of turbulent forced-convection flows of pure water, pure ethylene glycol and water-ethylene glycol mixture, as base fluids dispersed by Al₂O₃ nano-sized solid particles, through a constant temperature-surfaced rectangular cross-section channel with detached and attached obstacles, using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Effects of various base fluids and different Al₂O₃ nano-sized solid particle solid volume fractions with Reynolds numbers ranging from 5,000 to 50,000 were analyzed. The contour plots of dynamic pressure, stream-function, velocity-magnitude, axial velocity, transverse velocity, turbulent intensity, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent viscosity and temperature fields, the axial velocity profiles, the local and average Nusselt numbers, as well as the local and average coefficients of skin friction, were obtained and investigated numerically.

The fluid flow and temperature fields were simulated using the Commercial CFD Software FLUENT. The same package included a preprocessor GAMBIT which was used to create the mesh needed for the solver. The RANS equations, along with the standard k-epsilon turbulence model and the energy equation were used to control the channel flow model. All the equations were discretized by the finite volume method using a two-dimensional formulation, using the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations pressure-velocity coupling algorithm. With regard to the flow characteristics, the interpolation QUICK scheme was applied, and a second-order upwind scheme was used for the pressure terms. The under-relaxation was changed between the values 0.3 and 1.0 to control the update of the computed variables at each iteration. Moreover, various grid systems were tested to analyze the effect of the grid size on the numerical solution. Then, the solutions are said to be converging when the normalized residuals are smaller than 10-12 and 10-9 for the energy equation and the other variables, respectively. The equations were iterated by the solver till it reached the needed residuals or when it stabilized at a fixed value.

The result analysis showed that the pure ethylene glycol with Al₂O₃ nanoparticles showed a significant heat transfer enhancement, in terms of local and average Nusselt numbers, compared with other pure or mixed fluid-based nanofluids, with low-pressure losses in terms of local and average skin friction coefficients.

The present research ended up at interesting results which constitute a valuable contribution to the improvement of the knowledge basis of professional work through research related to turbulent flow forced-convection within channels supplied with obstacles, and especially inside heat exchangers and solar flat plate collectors.

The purpose of this study is to numerically examine the mixed convection of CuO-water nanofluid due to a rotating inner hot circular cylinder in a 3D cubic enclosure with phase change material (PCM) attached to its vertical surface. Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics were examined for various values of pertinent parameters.

Finite element method was used in the numerical simulation. Influence of various pertinent parameters such as Rayleigh number (between 10$^5$ and 10$^6$), Hartmann number (between 0 and 100), angular rotational speed of the cylinder (between −50 and 50), solid nanoparticle volume fraction (between 0 and 0.04) and PCM parameters (height-between 0.2H and 0.8H, thermal conductivity ratio- between 0.1 and 10) on the convective heat transfer characteristics are numerically studied.

It was observed that local heat transfer variations along the hot surface differ significantly for the cases with and without magnetic field where three distinct hot spots of peak Nusselt number are established when magnetic field is imposed. The average Nusselt number enhancement with the nanofluid at the highest particle volume fraction is 52.85 per cent at Hartmann number of 100, whereas its value is 39.76 per cent for the case in the absence of magnetic field. When the inner cylinder rotates, flow and thermal fields are affected within the cavity. The local heat transfer variations spread over the hot surface with cylinder rotation and 16.43 per cent of reduction in the average heat transfer is obtained with counter-clockwise rotation at 100 rad/sec. An enhancement in the PCM height and a reduction in the thermal conductivity of the PCM result in average heat transfer deterioration for the 3D cavity. The amount of the reduction is 43 per cent when the PCM height is increased from 0.2H to 0.8H, whereas 19.10 per cent enhancement in the heat transfer is achieved when thermal conductivity ratio (PCM) to the base fluid is increased from 0.1 to 10.

Such configurations can be designed for convection control, and in our case, various methods are available. Some of the investigated methods can be used in applications where magnetic field already exists. Convection control study in 3D cavity gives more realistic results as compared to 2D configurations, and results of the current investigation may be used for the design, optimization and flow control of many thermal applications involving magnetic field effects.