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The purpose of this paper is to reveal the dynamics of the Greek energy sector. As energy sectors contribute substantially to a national economy and stimulate national output and employment, it is important to identify their upward and downward linkages and interrelations with the other sectors of the economy.

To do this and capture such relations in the economy, a general equilibrium model is used. In specific, input–output (I–O) analysis is used and a model is specifically built for the Greek economy to examine in detail the energy sectors. Multiplier and linkage analysis is performed to assess their dynamics in terms of output, household income and employment.

Results indicate that the three energy sectors’ multipliers and elasticities, though are not ranking in the first places, are enough high indicating their strong linkages in the economy and their potentials to enhance the economy’s total output, employment and household income.

Further disaggregation of the economy’s energy sectors is needed to make clearer the separation among renewable and non-renewable sector, to identify and compare the dynamics and contribution of each category in the economy. Additionally, an environmental I–O model would indicate consequences on the environment and not just pure economic benefits.

Through the analysis, it can be seen that energy sectors and secondary energy products have the ability to drive a country’s economic activity through exports and intersectoral linkages, even if it is not a crude petroleum producing economy. Thus, knowledge of the economic impacts of such sectors is a valuable information.

The current study provides significant information of an economy’s energy sectors regarding their ability to support economic activity and employment. A general equilibrium model is used, examining the whole economy, to assess direct and indirect interrelationships.

The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare the performance of the construction sector in Turkey and selected European Union (EU) countries using input‐output (IO) tables for the years 1998 and 2002.

IO tables are used to analyze and compare the construction sector. First the input‐output analysis and the construction sector are briefly introduced. Then, the data and methodology are specified. A set of indicators obtained from the data is used for the comparative analysis.

The construction sector of the selected 13 countries is examined in terms of Gross National Product (GNP) and National Income (NI) shares; direct and total construction backward and forward linkage indicators and direct and total construction inputs from manufacturing and services reflecting the technologies used in construction. The key findings are pointed out in the conclusion.

The lack of data from Turkey relating to recent years and incompatibility of new and old data limit this study's scope to the two years.

The concept of using IO analysis for comparing the construction sector has been around for a considerable period of time. This paper has an importance for comparing the construction sector in Turkey and some selected EU countries, being the first study in that field in Turkey, and is therefore of direct importance for the Turkish construction sector.

The purpose of this study is to examine the total economic impact of tourism at the regional level in Central Finland. This paper aims to clarify the extent to which tourism contributes to regional output, employment, income and taxes in tourism-related sectors.

This study is based on a regional input–output analysis. The author calculates the effects of tourism on regional output, demand, wages, employment and national and regional taxes in Central Finland.

The author’s regional input–output analysis reveals that tourism has a substantial impact on production in Central Finland (including the direct and indirect effects of consumption by tourists in different sectors). Moreover, the effects of tourism expenditures on employment and residents’ incomes in tourism-related sectors in Central Finland are quite significant.

Many limitations of this study stem from the assumptions of the input–output model. Other limitations relate to the analysis of the impacts of tourism on household taxes, savings, consumption and net income. Our study uses average figures, which may overstate the effect of tourist expenditures on taxes because tourism jobs are often low paying.

The study yields results that can be used to frame regional policy. The results may be useful for policymakers in planning for tourist attractions. Furthermore, local authorities may use the results to guide decisions regarding infrastructure investments or improvements to the operating environment of tourism industries.

Many studies analyse the economic impact of events at the regional level using input–output analysis. National-level tourism impact studies using the input–output technique have also been conducted. Studies focussed on the economic impact of tourism at the regional level typically examine the macroeconomic (income, output and employment) effects of tourism. Consequently, these studies have focussed on estimating output, employment and income multipliers (Mazumder et al., 2012). The author’s contribution is a regional input–output analysis of direct and indirect impacts of tourism expenditures on production, demand, wages, income and employment in the whole economy at the regional level (in Central Finland). The author also analyses the impacts of tourism on national and regional taxes. The results of this study could be used by planners and policymakers involved in regional planning and development.

This paper aims to better understand the linkage between CO₂ emitters and industrial consumers. The border-crossing frequency is applied to calculate the average number of steps that a country takes in relation to the CO₂ emissions of its construction industry. The maximum border-crossing frequency and declining speed of CO₂ transfer are used to reveal the relationship between the length of production chains and the transfer efficiency of construction products.

This paper maps the CO₂ transfer that accompanies global production chains using the frequency of border crossing in the production processes of construction products. As the basic analysis framework, a multi-regional input–output model is adopted to analyse the average border-crossing frequency of CO₂ transfer. Additionally, indicators including the maximum border-crossing frequency and declining speed of CO₂ transfer are employed. Also, the maximum border-crossing frequency and declining speed of CO₂ transfer are used to reveal the relationship between the length of production chains and the transfer efficiency of construction products.

The results indicate that 85.49% of the CO₂ in construction products needs to be processed in at least one country, reflecting that direct trade is the major pattern of transfer of CO₂ from primary producers in global construction industries. The maximum border-crossing frequency is 4.88 for 15 economies, meaning that construction products cross the international borders up to 4.88 times before they are absorbed by the final users. The scale of the average border-crossing frequency ranged from 1.16 to 1.87 over 2000–2014, indicating that the original construction products crossed the international borders at least 1.16 times to satisfy the final demand of the consuming countries.

The data from the economic MRIO tables in the WIOD are only available until 2014, which is a limitation for conducting this research in recent years.

The fragmentation of production is not only reshaping global trade patterns, but also leading to the separation of CO₂ emitters and final consumers in production chains. A growing number of studies have focussed on the impact of production fragmentation on accounting for regional and national CO₂ emissions, but little research has been done at the scale of a specific industry. The major contribution of this paper lies in mapping the CO₂ emissions that accompany the production chains of construction products from the perspectives of both magnitude and length. Additionally, this paper is the first to propose using maximum border-crossing frequency and declining speed to analyse the characteristics of global production chains induced by the final demand of major economies for construction products.

The paper aims to develop a benchmarking framework to address issues such as supply chain complexity and visibility, geographical differences and non-standardized data, ensuring that the entire supply chain environmental impact (in terms of carbon) and resource use for all tiers, including domestic and import flows, are evaluated. Benchmarking has become an important issue in supply chain management practice. However, challenges such as supply chain complexity and visibility, geographical differences and non-standardized data have limited the development of approaches for evaluating performances of product supply chains. This industry-level benchmarking approach ensures that individual firms can compare their carbon emissions against other similarly structured firms.

Benchmarking has become an important issue in supply chain management practice. However, challenges such as supply chain complexity and visibility, geographical differences and non-standardized data have limited the development of approaches for evaluating performances of product supply chains. The paper aims to develop a benchmarking framework to address these issues, ensuring that the entire supply chain environmental impact (in terms of carbon) and resource use for all tiers, including domestic and import flows, are evaluated. This industry-level benchmarking approach ensures that individual firms can compare their carbon emissions against other similarly structured firms.

Supply chain carbon maps are developed as a means of producing industry-level benchmarks to set a measure for the environmental sustainability of product supply chains. The industry-level benchmark provides the first step for firms to manage the environmental performance, identify and target high carbon emission hot-spots and for cross-sectorial benchmarking.

The paper links the theoretical development of supply chain environmental system based on the Multi-Regional Input–Output model to the innovative development of supply chain carbon maps, such that an industry-level benchmarking framework is produced as a means of setting product supply chain carbon emissions benchmarks.

The tourism multiplier effect (TME) is the total economic impact of tourism demand, representing the linkages between tourism and other businesses in an area. However, study about it is limited in Indonesia, especially at the provincial level and after the COVID-19 crisis. This study aims to estimate the TME in all provinces of Indonesia, test its differences in priority and non-priority areas before and after the COVID-19 crisis, analyze its spatial distribution and examine the determinant factor of TME

This study applies an input-output model to measure the TME of all provinces in Indonesia, an independent sample t-test to examine the similarity of TME in priority and nonpriority areas, a paired sample t-test to examine the similarity of it before and after the COVID-19 crisis, and spatial analysis to check its spatial relationship.

The result shows that regional TME ranges from 1.25 to 2.05 in 2019, which changed slightly over time. The empirical result shows the TME difference before and after the COVID-19 crisis, and there is a spatial correlation in terms of TME with the hot spots are clustered in the eastern region of Indonesia, However, there was a slight change in the position of hot spots during the COVID-19 crisis. Moreover, the spatial model shows that value-added and employment in agriculture, manufacturing, trade and transportation affect the size of TME.

This study contributes to the academic literature by providing the first estimate of the TME at the provincial level in Indonesia, comparing the it in priority and non-priority areas before and after the COVID-19 crisis, and mapping its spatial distribution.

This paper attempts to select the leading industry concerning uncertain information and grey interval numbers.

This paper combines grey system theory and the input‐output method, which describe uncertain information as interval numbers in the input‐output table. Additionally, in transforming the grey interval numbers to functions with time, the original input‐output table can be considered as a function of functions, in which functional analysis can be employed to determine important parameters. Neumann series is utilized to reverse the Leontief matrix having grey interval numbers. Based on the result, one can calculate the influence and induced coefficients of industries, which can help the decision maker to select the leading industry by comparing the overall effects of industries. A case in Wuxi city is conducted to show the feasibility of the above method.

The results of this paper show that selecting the leading industry is not only based on regional the input‐output table, but also depends on the algorithm dealing with and comparing uncertain values.

The method proposed in the paper can help people to choose the leading industry under uncertain information, which provides a novel approach for analyzing local economy development.

The paper is shows a functional analysis perspective and contributes to regional economy development by solving selecting the leading industry without exact input‐output tables.

The purpose of this paper is to settle the methodological debate on the decomposition of value added in gross exports, proposing a standard, exposing the drawbacks of the alternatives and quantifying the differences.

This paper systematizes the analytical framework and assesses and quantifies the various methodologies and its main differences.

The decomposition method of Borin and Mancini (2023), using a source-based approach and an exporting country perspective, should be considered as the standard for decomposing the value added in gross exports. This study finds that alternative approaches and perspectives are methodologically inferior, and that tailored perspectives do not provide an increase in accuracy that compensates their drawbacks.

This paper’s contribution is fourfold: it rejects the alleged equivalence between approaches and perspectives, defending the superiority of a particular method, approach and perspective; it gives quantitative examples of the differences between them; it proves that the drawbacks of tailored perspectives do not compensate their alleged accuracy (as they do not result in big quantitative differences with the standard perspective); and it argues that no valid standard decomposition can forego the calculation of value added exported, which requires the expression of exports in terms of final demand.

The task of this paper is to examine the changes taking place in the skill‐employment mix of 13 industry sub‐groups within the British engineering industry and to propose a suitable projection technique for manpower forecasting.