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Assessing inputs and outputs is a significant aspect of taking decisions while there are complex and multistage processes in many examinations. Due to the presence of interval performance measures in various real-world studies, the purpose of this study is to address the changes of interval inputs of two-stage processes for the perturbations of interval outputs of two-stage systems, given that the overall efficiency scores are maintained.

Actually, an interval inverse two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is proposed to plan resources. To illustrate, an interval two-stage network DEA model with external interval inputs and outputs and also its inverse problem are suggested to estimate the upper and lower bounds of the entire efficiency and the stages efficiency along with the variations of interval inputs.

An example from the literature and a real case study of the banking industry are applied to demonstrate the introduced approach. The results show the proposed approach is suitable to estimate the resources of two-stage systems when interval measures are presented.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no study to estimate the fluctuation of imprecise inputs related to network structures for the changes of imprecise outputs while the interval efficiency of network processes is maintained. Accordingly, this paper considers the resource planning problem when there are imprecise and interval measures in two-stage networks.

We examine the relationship between macroeconomic news and fund price jumps, using high-frequency 5-min intraday data for Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) and Listed Open-end Funds (LOFs) from 2019 to 2020.

We utilize the non-parametric jump test known as the LM method to detect fund price jumps. In addition, we perform Logistic regression to analyze the relationship between macroeconomic news and fund price jumps. Moreover, we use multiple linear regression to explore the relationship between fund price jumps and subsequent returns.

The probability of price jumps increases by 22.56% when macroeconomic news is released. Moreover, the returns associated with news-driven price jumps display a reversal pattern, and there is an asymmetric relationship in subsequent returns following macroeconomic shocks. Specifically, funds tend to exhibit lower returns after news-driven price jumps compared to those that are not influenced by news events.

In today's digital age, investors have unprecedented access to a wealth of information through the Internet and various communication platforms. News and market data can be instantly accessed and disseminated, allowing for swift dissemination of information to investors worldwide. However, despite this enhanced accessibility, investors continue to exhibit overreactions or underreactions to new information.

Macroeconomic news release provide crucial insights into the overall health and performance of the economy. By monitoring and analyzing these indicators, investors can gain valuable information that can guide their investment decisions. Furthermore, by fostering a transparent and reliable information disclosure systems, governments can play a critical role in ensuring the stability and transparency of the funds market.

The paper utilizes 5-min high-frequency data from funds and incorporates a comprehensive macroeconomic news information database. These methodological choices enhance the precision and reliability of the analysis, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between macroeconomic news releases and fund price jumps.

This research proposes a novel risk assessment model to elucidate the risk propagation process of industrial safety accidents triggered by natural disasters (Natech), identifies key factors influencing urban carrying capacity and mitigates uncertainties and subjectivity due to data scarcity in Natech risk assessment.

Utilizing disaster chain theory and Bayesian network (BN), we describe the cascading effects of Natechs, identifying critical nodes of urban system failure. Then we propose an urban carrying capacity assessment method using the coefficient of variation and cloud BN, constructing an indicator system for infrastructure, population and environmental carrying capacity. The model determines interval values of assessment indicators and weights missing data nodes using the coefficient of variation and the cloud model. A case study using data from the Pearl River Delta region validates the model.

(1) Urban development in the Pearl River Delta relies heavily on population carrying capacity. (2) The region’s social development model struggles to cope with rapid industrial growth. (3) There is a significant disparity in carrying capacity among cities, with some trends contrary to urban development. (4) The Cloud BN outperforms the classical Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) gate fuzzy method in describing real-world fuzzy and random situations.

The present research proposes a novel framework for evaluating the urban carrying capacity of industrial areas in the face of Natechs. By developing a BN risk assessment model that integrates cloud models, the research addresses the issue of scarce objective data and reduces the subjectivity inherent in previous studies that heavily relied on expert opinions. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the classical fuzzy BNs.

In this paper, we aim to provide an extensive analysis to understand how various factors influence electricity prices in competitive markets, focusing on the day-ahead electricity market in Romania.

Our study period began in January 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic, and continued for several months after the onset of the war in Ukraine. During this time, we also consider other challenges like reduced market competitiveness, droughts and water scarcity. Our initial dataset comprises diverse variables: prices of essential energy sources (like gas and oil), Danube River water levels (indicating hydrological conditions), economic indicators (such as inflation and interest rates), total energy consumption and production in Romania and a breakdown of energy generation by source (coal, gas, hydro, oil, nuclear and renewable energy sources) from various data sources. Additionally, we included carbon certificate prices and data on electricity import, export and other related variables. This dataset was collected via application programming interface (API) and web scraping, and then synchronized by date and hour.

We discover that the competitiveness significantly affected electricity prices in Romania. Furthermore, our study of electricity price trends and their determinants revealed indicators of economic health in 2019 and 2020. However, from 2021 onwards, signs of a potential economic crisis began to emerge, characterized by changes in the normal relationships between prices and quantities, among other factors. Thus, our analysis suggests that electricity prices could serve as a predictive index for economic crises. Overall, the Granger causality findings from 2019 to 2022 offer valuable insights into the factors driving energy market dynamics in Romania, highlighting the importance of economic policies, fuel costs and environmental regulations in shaping these dynamics.

We combine principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dataset’s dimensionality. Following this, we use continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to explore frequency-domain relationships between electricity price and quantity in the day-ahead market (DAM) and the components derived from PCA. Our research also delves into the competitiveness level in the DAM from January 2019 to August 2022, analyzing the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI).

Managers engage in marketing efforts to boost sales and in setting marketing budgets based on current or historical sales. Past studies have overlooked the reciprocal relationship between marketing spending and sales. This study aims to examine the nature of the relationship between sales and marketing expenses in the B2B market.

Five hypotheses on the relationship between sales and marketing expenditures were framed. A total of 30 of India’s dyeing firms provided data on revenues, sales (in units) and marketing expenditures over time. The structural vector auto-regressive model and the vector error correction model were fitted to the data.

The results show that marketing expenses and sales are related bidirectionally in a sequential way. Furthermore, sales drive the long-term equilibrium relationship to a greater extent than marketing expenditures.

The findings of this study should assist managers in predicting sales and marketing budgets simultaneously and devising precise marketing strategies and tactics.

Using econometric models in data-driven research is not a frequent practice in marketing. This study adds value to the body of marketing literature by advancing the theory of the relationship between sales and marketing spending using real-world data and econometric models in the B2B sector.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of cyber incivility on adverse work outcomes of work withdrawal and turnover intention. Specifically, we draw on self-determination theory and conservation of resources theory to examine the mediating roles of basic need satisfaction and burnout in the relationship between cyber incivility and work outcomes.

We used Mplus 7.4 software with a maximum likelihood robust (MLR) estimator to test the structural equation modeling. We followed Anderson and Gerbing’s guidelines to test the hypotheses.

The results based on time-lagged data from 685 full-time workers in the United States provide support for the hypotheses that cyber incivility is indirectly associated with work withdrawal and turnover intention through basic need satisfaction and burnout. We also found that for individuals with high conscientiousness, the negative direct effect of cyber incivility on basic need satisfaction and the positive indirect effects of cyber incivility on work withdrawal and turnover intention through basic need satisfaction and burnout are stronger than for individuals with lower conscientiousness.

Our research revealed that when employees experience cyber incivility, they enter a defensive mode to protect their already stretched resources from unfulfilled basic need satisfaction. Specifically, experiencing cyber incivility interferes with meeting basic need satisfaction and leads to burnout, which, in turn, triggers defensive work withdrawal and turnover intention.

This study aims to explore the influence of academic service quality on student satisfaction and loyalty, based on a study at Higher Education Legal Entities (HELE) in Indonesia. HELE is a policy in higher education that empowers these institutions to become autonomous in management. Academic service quality (ASQ) is an essential aspect of fostering the satisfaction and loyalty of students.

This study uses the descriptive quantitative and regressive survey approach to examine the influence of academic service quality on student satisfaction and loyalty. The population in this study encompassed all students from HELE. Meanwhile, 750 students were purposefully selected from 16 HELE in Indonesia. Data were collected using validated and reliable questionnaires. The garnered data were analyzed using a structural equation model through Smart PLS 3.

This study finds that (1) there is a significant direct influence of academic service quality on student satisfaction in HELE, (2) there is a reasonably direct influence of student satisfaction on student loyalty in HELE. (3) ASQ of HELE has a feeble direct influence on student loyalty and (4) there is a moderate indirect impact of academic service quality on student loyalty, mediated by student satisfaction at HELE in Indonesia.

The research was conducted across 16 HELEs in Indonesia. Many other universities do services and of course impact on satisfaction and loyalty for students, but are not included in this research. Besides that, other aspects are not included in this research either. Based on that condition, this result cannot cover all aspects of others in all universities in Indonesia.

The practical implication of this study’s results for the leaders of HELES is to commit to student-centered, service-oriented tactics and actions for establishing student loyalty. Besides, these institutions must prioritize developing and maintaining profitable customer relationships in this changing world and offer an agenda for the future research.

The social implication will be indicated by higher universities to always improve the service quality of academics, with continuous improvement in the future. It has to do with every university so that student satisfaction improves, and student loyalty improves too. Exiting HELE in the future depends on the variables of service quality for stakeholders in the community around. If the community gets satisfaction, in the future, they will be back to support the HELE in the future.

The results of this study are original and novel, and strengthen the findings of previous research that there is an effect of academic service quality on student satisfaction. It confirms the effects of satisfaction on loyalty, along with the effects of academic service quality on loyalty mediated by satisfaction. These results rejected previous results that there are effects of academic service quality on student loyalty in HELE as organizations.

Growth optimism, which describes the expected future growth of a firm, is an important but underexplored construct in strategy. This paper aims to assess the planning antecedents of such growth optimism by using a large Australian sample of small enterprises.

The authors use a secondary data set, gathered among Australian small to medium enterprises (SMEs), by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). The analysis adopts a regression approach including a mediated and a non-mediated path to explore the direct and indirect effects of strategic planning and budgetary planning and management on expected future revenues.

This paper assesses the implications of concurrent strategic planning and financial management dynamic capabilities on anticipated future revenue growth, an important predisposition dynamic capability. The authors note that this configuration of actions and predisposition aligns closely with the necessary requirements for growth. The findings suggest that firms that use strategic planning and robust budget planning and monitoring processes exhibit higher optimism about future sales growth and firms that effectively configure these planning activities with market development tend to exhibit higher growth and more growth optimism.

In terms of theoretical contributions, the paper strongly supports the formality view in the formal/informal debates associated with effectuation strategies. The authors suggest that appropriate strategic and budgetary planning and control systems act as a counterbalance to organisational confusion and managerial capriciousness, leading to improved confidence among managers and their employees regarding future resource commitments and plans.

The findings of the paper are potentially important for both managers and policy makers. For managers seeking to grow their future sales, planning is shown to be an important antecedent activity. The presence of financial and strategic planning may predispose firms to make important investment decisions that drive future growth. Also, a better understanding of the firm’s current and future strategic and financial position may be evidence of effective firm management, a situation that, in turn, drives growth.

In terms of social and policy implications, the data gathered for the survey by the ABS forms a valuable collection of information in relation to business practices. Australian firms are required by law to regularly report budget plans and outcomes. The research suggests that this data can inform policy initiatives, particularly in relation to programmes that may assist small and young firms to undertake prospective strategic and budgetary planning.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to investigate the particular configuration of strategic and financial planning and anticipated sales growth in the SME context.

Design an innovative Flipped classroom’s Delivery through virtual laboratory.

The fundamental framework of the present investigation is a Participatory Action Research (PAR) design. By merging the impetus of “action.” with the inclusiveness of “participation,” PAR establishes a “network” for collaborative teaching or research. PAR is pertinent to our research because it facilitates the participation of infrastructures and individuals in formulating a critical community. This community encourages critical self-reflection, promotes accountability, redistributes authority, and cultivates confidence in research. PAR fosters constructive transformation in educational environments by utilizing participants' combined insights and experiences to establish a structure for substantive dialogue and proactive measures.

As virtual laboratories are becoming essential in 21st-century science education, we found groundbreaking evidence that can support our novel approach to enhance the quality and equity in education. Our results show that virtual labs engage scientific goals and practices, develop scientific literacy, foster scientific inquiry and problem-solving, and promote metacognition. The effects of the virtual laboratory can develop high self-efficacy and positive attitudes among students. It improves students' laboratory performance, which we noted from laboratory activities, simulations, and long exam results.

The study offers groundbreaking account to depict epistemic fluency aided by virtual laboratory.

There has been a lot of research on how to set marketing budgets, but the overlooked aspect was how allocating funds influences business performance in a multi-goal context. This study aims to examine the relationship between business performance, the process of allocating funds to multiple goals and the interaction among the goals.

Ratio data were generated through “a constant sum scale” from a sample of 362 managers from the B2C sector, besides data on after-tax revenue for two years. The data file was created. Then, a factor analysis was performed on the data. Furthermore, an econometric model with interaction terms was fitted to the data.

The results show that allocating funds to multiple marketing goals – demand generation, customer experience, brand image, marketing competency and purchase intention – influences business performance. Furthermore, a goal’s impact on business performance is higher when coupled with other goals than in isolation.

The findings of the study should assist managers in increasing revenue while spending less on marketing and shifting funds from less efficient goals and pairs of goals to highly efficient ones.

By extending the relevant theory on the relationship between the process of marketing fund allocation, multiple goals and business performance, this study contributes to the literature on marketing.