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1 – 10 of 11Michele Conconi, Nicola Sancisi, Reid Backus, Christian Argenti and Albert J Shih
3D-printed devices proved their efficacy across different clinical applications, helping personalize medical treatments. This paper aims to present the procedure for the design…
Abstract
Purpose
3D-printed devices proved their efficacy across different clinical applications, helping personalize medical treatments. This paper aims to present the procedure for the design and production of patient-specific dynamic simulators of the human knee. The scope of these simulators is to improve surgical outcomes, investigate the motion and load response of the human knee and standardize in-vitro experiments for testing orthopedic devices through a personalized physical representation of the patient’s joint.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper tested the approach on three volunteers. For each, a patient-specific mathematical joint model was defined from an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee. The model guided the CAD design of the simulators, which was then realized through stereolithography printing. Manufacturing accuracy was tested by quantifying the differences between 3D-printed and CAD geometry. To assess the simulator functionality, its motion was measured through a stereophotogrammetric system and compared with the natural tibio-femoral motion of the volunteers, measured as a sequence of static MRI.
Findings
The 3D-printing accuracy was very high, with average differences between ideal and printed parts below ± 0.1 mm. However, the assembly of different 3D-printed parts resulted in a higher average error of 0.97 mm and peak values of 2.33 mm. Despite that, the rotational and translational accuracy of the simulator was about 5° and 4 mm, respectively.
Originality/value
Although improvements in the production process are needed, the proposed simulators successfully replicated the individual articular behavior. The proposed approach is general and thus extendible to other articulations.
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Sérgio B Gonçalves, Pedro Dantas, Francisco Guedes de Melo, João Gouveia, José Guimarães Consciência, Jorge Martins and Miguel Tavares da Silva
Arthroscopic osteochondroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that has been used to treat femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, leading to significant improvements in…
Abstract
Purpose
Arthroscopic osteochondroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that has been used to treat femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, leading to significant improvements in patients’ clinical outcomes and quality of life. However, some studies suggest that inadequate bone resection can substantially alter hip biomechanics. These modifications may generate different contact profiles and higher contact forces, increasing the risk of developing premature joint degeneration. To improve control over bone resection and biomechanical outcomes during arthroscopic osteochondroplasty surgery, this study aims to present a novel system for measuring femoroacetabular contact forces.
Design/methodology/approach
Following a structured design process for the development of medical devices, the steps required for its production using additive manufacturing with material extrusion and easily accessible sensors are described. The system comprises two main devices, one for measuring femoroacetabular contact forces and the other for quantifying the force applied by the assistant surgeon during lower limb manipulation. The hip device was designed for use within an arthroscopic environment, eliminating the need for additional portals.
Findings
To evaluate its performance, the system was first tested in a laboratory setup and later under in-service conditions. The 3D printing parameters were tuned to ensure the watertighness of the device and sustain the intraoperative fluid pressures. The final prototype allowed for the controlled measurement of the hip contact forces in real-time.
Originality/value
Using additive manufacturing and readily available sensors, the present work presents the first device to quantify joint contact forces during arthroscopic surgeries, serving as an additional tool to support the surgeon’s decision-making process regarding bone resection.
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Xiangyun Li, Liuxian Zhu, Shuaitao Fan, Yingying Wei, Daijian Wu and Shan Gong
While performance demands in the natural world are varied, graded lattice structures reveal distinctive mechanical properties with tremendous engineering application potential…
Abstract
Purpose
While performance demands in the natural world are varied, graded lattice structures reveal distinctive mechanical properties with tremendous engineering application potential. For biomechanical functions where mechanical qualities are required from supporting under external loading and permeability is crucial which affects bone tissue engineering, the geometric design in lattice structure for bone scaffolds in loading-bearing applications is necessary. However, when tweaking structural traits, these two factors frequently clash. For graded lattice structures, this study aims to develop a design-optimization strategy to attain improved attributes across different domains.
Design/methodology/approach
To handle diverse stress states, parametric modeling is used to produce strut-based lattice structures with spatially varied densities. The tailored initial gradients in lattice structure are subject to automatic property evaluation procedure that hinges on finite element method and computational fluid dynamics simulations. The geometric parameters of lattice structures with numerous objectives are then optimized using an iterative optimization process based on a non-dominated genetic algorithm.
Findings
The initial stress-based design of graded lattice structure with spatially variable densities is generated based on the stress conditions. The results from subsequent dual-objective optimization show a series of topologies with gradually improved trade-offs between mechanical properties and permeability.
Originality/value
In this study, a novel structural design-optimization methodology is proposed for mathematically optimizing strut-based graded lattice structures to achieve enhanced performance in multiple domains.
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Jintian Yun, Deqiang Zhang, Weisheng Cui, Shuai Li and Guan Miao
The purpose of this paper is to improve the problem of kinematics incompatibility of human–exoskeleton in the existing rigid lower-limb exoskeleton (LLE).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the problem of kinematics incompatibility of human–exoskeleton in the existing rigid lower-limb exoskeleton (LLE).
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, following an introduction, the motion characteristics of the human knee joint and the design method of the exoskeleton were introduced. A kinematics model of the LLE based on cross-four-bar linkage was obtained. The structural parameters of the LLE mechanism were optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The predefined trajectories used in the optimization process were derived from the ankle joint, not the instantaneous center of rotation of the knee joint. Finally, the motion deviation of the optimization result was simulated, and the human–exoskeleton coordination experiment was designed to compare with the traditional single-axis knee joint in terms of comfort and coordination.
Findings
The lower limb exoskeleton mechanism obtained in this paper has a good tracking effect on human movement and has been improved in terms of comfort and coordination compared with the traditional single-axis knee joint.
Originality/value
The customized exoskeleton design method introduced in this paper is relatively simple, and the obtained exoskeleton has better movement coordination than the traditional exoskeleton. It can provide a reference for the design of lower limb exoskeleton and lower limb orthosis.
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Kexin Liu, Shuhan Meng, Yi Zhang, Peng Zhou, Tao Zhang and Fuhui Wang
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings and sealed PEO coatings on the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings and sealed PEO coatings on the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of a novel Mg-1Zn-0.45Ca alloy in simulated body fluid (SBF).
Design/methodology/approach
The microstructure, corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of PEO coatings and phosphate conversion-treated PEO coatings were investigated and was compared with the bare Mg alloy.
Findings
The hot-extruded Mg-Zn-Ca alloy exhibit inhomogeneous microstructure and suffered from localized corrosion in the SBF. The PEO coating after phosphate conversion treatment offers enhanced protectiveness to the Mg alloy within an immersion period of up to 60 days, which is significantly improved compared with the performance of the PEO-coated Mg alloy, but the cytocompatibility was slightly decreased.
Originality/value
This work offers new perspective in balancing the protectiveness and cytocompatibility of bio-materials.
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Yogesh Patil, Milind Akarte, K. P. Karunakaran, Ashik Kumar Patel, Yash G. Mittal, Gopal Dnyanba Gote, Avinash Kumar Mehta, Ronald Ely and Jitendra Shinde
Integrating additive manufacturing (AM) tools in traditional mold-making provides complex yet affordable sand molds and cores. AM processes such as selective laser sintering (SLS…
Abstract
Purpose
Integrating additive manufacturing (AM) tools in traditional mold-making provides complex yet affordable sand molds and cores. AM processes such as selective laser sintering (SLS) and Binder jetting three-dimensional printing (BJ3DP) are widely used for patternless sand mold and core production. This study aims to perform an in-depth literature review to understand the current status, determine research gaps and propose future research directions. In addition, obtain valuable insights into authors, organizations, countries, keywords, documents, sources and cited references, sources and authors.
Design/methodology/approach
This study followed the systematic literature review (SLR) to gather relevant rapid sand casting (RSC) documents via Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCO databases. Furthermore, bibliometrics was performed via the Visualization of Similarities (VOSviewer) software.
Findings
An evaluation of 116 documents focused primarily on commercial AM setups and process optimization of the SLS. Process optimization studies the effects of AM processes, their input parameters, scanning approaches, sand types and the integration of computer-aided design in AM on the properties of sample. The authors performed detailed bibliometrics of 80 out of 120 documents via VOSviewer software.
Research limitations/implications
This review focuses primarily on the SLS AM process.
Originality/value
A SLR and bibliometrics using VOSviewer software for patternless sand mold and core production via the AM process.
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Rishi Parvanda and Prateek Kala
Three-dimensional (3D) casting means using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to print the mould for casting the cast tool. The printed mould, however, should be checked for…
Abstract
Purpose
Three-dimensional (3D) casting means using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to print the mould for casting the cast tool. The printed mould, however, should be checked for its dimensional accuracy. 3D scanning can be used for the same. The purpose of this study is to combine the different AM techniques for 3D casting with 3D scanning to produce parts with close tolerance for preparing electrical discharge machining (EDM) electrodes.
Design/methodology/approach
The four processes, namely, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modelling and vacuum casting, are used to print the casting mould. The mould is designed in two halves, assembled to form a complete mould. The mould is 3D scanned in two stages: before and after using it as a casting mould. The mould's average and maximum dimensional deviations are calculated using 3D-scanned results. The eutectic Sn-Bi alloy is cast in the mould. The surface roughness of the mould and the cast tool are measured.
Findings
The cast tool is selected from the four processes in terms of dimensional accuracy and surface finish. The same is electroplated with copper. The microstructure of the cast tool (low-melting-point alloy) and deposited copper is analysed using a scanning electron microscope. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques are used to verify the composition of the cast and coated alloy. The electroplated tool is finally tested on the EDM setup. The material removal rate and tool wear are measured. The performance is compared with a solid copper tool. The free-form customised EDM mould is also prepared, and the profile is cast out. The same is tested on the EDM. Thus, the developed path can be successfully used for rapid tooling applications.
Originality/value
The eutectic composition of Sn-Bi is cast in the 3D-printed mould using different AM techniques combined with 3D scanning quality to check its feasibility as an EDM electrode, which is a novel work and has not been done previously.
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Gülfer Akça, Aslihan Sanri and Unal Akca
This study aims to evaluate the health literacy level of the parents of children diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS) within one institution in Turkey.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the health literacy level of the parents of children diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS) within one institution in Turkey.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey measuring demographics, information of the child and the parent and health literacy was administered to participants. The health literacy levels in the study were measured with the European Health Literacy Scale (EHLS), which consists of 47 questions.
Findings
Of the 65 participants who completed the questionnaire, 56.9% were mothers, 68.1% were diagnosed in the neonatal outpatient clinic examination after birth, and 58.5% stayed in the neonatal intensive care unit after birth. The mean score of the IHLS scale was 25.06 ± 6.59. Of the parents, 63.1% were found to be inadequate, 18.5% problematic-limited, and 18.5% adequate health literate. Any parent with excellent health literacy level was identified. High education level (p < 0.001), high income level (p < 0.001), living in the city center (p < 0.05), planned pregnancy (p < 0.05) and being a health worker (p < 0.001) were found to be statistically significant with a high EHSL score.
Research limitations/implications
The presence of Down syndrome (DS) in a child also necessitates ongoing monitoring for a range of conditions, including eye diseases and heart disease. Some surgical procedures, such as heart or gastrointestinal surgeries, may also be required. Additionally, the child may require the administration of various medications. Finally, due to the potential lifelong need for assistance, the child may require the support of an adult throughout their lifetime. This is because of the child's inability to live independently due to their mental state. Therefore, parent education is the most important issue in the follow-up of the disease.
Practical implications
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to determine that parents of children diagnosed with DS have very limited knowledge of the disease and health literacy. Explanation of current diseases, treatments and training of parents should also be included in genetic counseling.
Social implications
DS is a chromosomal disease that requires multidisciplinary care. Parents have to know the course of the disease and its complications.
Originality/value
The findings of this study indicate that parents of children with Down syndrome exhibit a profound lack of knowledge regarding the nature of their child's condition and the available healthcare options. It is therefore imperative that genetic counseling incorporates an explanation of the diagnosed diseases, treatments, and educational resources for parents.
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Nirmal Singh, Harmanjit Singh Banga, Jaswinder Singh and Rajnish Sharma
This paper aims to prompt ideas amongst readers (especially librarians) about how they can become active partners in knowledge dissemination amongst concerned user groups by…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to prompt ideas amongst readers (especially librarians) about how they can become active partners in knowledge dissemination amongst concerned user groups by implementing 3D printing technology under the “Makerspace.”
Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a brief account of various tools and techniques used by veterinary and animal sciences institutions for information dissemination amongst the stakeholders and associated challenges with a focus on the use of 3D printing technology to overcome the bottlenecks. An overview of the 3D printing technology has been provided following the instances of use of this novel technology in veterinary and animal sciences. An initiative of the University Library, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, to harness the potential of this technology in disseminating information amongst livestock stakeholders has been discussed.
Findings
3D printing has the potential to enhance learning in veterinary and animal sciences by providing hands-on exposure to various anatomical structures, such as bones, organs and blood vessels, without the need for a cadaver. This approach enhances students’ spatial understanding and helps them better understand anatomical concepts. Libraries can enhance their visibility and can contribute actively to knowledge dissemination beyond traditional library services.
Originality/value
The ideas about how to harness the potential of 3D printing in knowledge dissemination amongst livestock sector stakeholders have been elaborated. This promotes creativity amongst librarians enabling them to think how they can engage in knowledge dissemination thinking out of the box.
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Luis Mendes and Grazielle França
Healthcare organizations have been facing challenges due to high costs and low efficiency in health services. The growth of costs and losses caused by avoidable mistakes lead to…
Abstract
Purpose
Healthcare organizations have been facing challenges due to high costs and low efficiency in health services. The growth of costs and losses caused by avoidable mistakes lead to the search for solutions, and Health Lean Management appears as a potential solution to help in solving service quality problems, as well as reducing risks. This study aims to analyse the state of the art in the literature centred on the Lean approach in the context of risk management in healthcare organizations, and to identify new research opportunities, highlighting possible lines of future research.
Design/methodology/approach
Following a systematic literature review approach, 51 papers were considered relevant for this research, and reviewed to explore the development of literature in this area.
Findings
Based on the results, five main research streams were identified: (1) risk management oriented towards patient safety; (2) risk management oriented towards employee safety; (3) importance of attitudes and behaviours in risk reduction projects; (4) Lean tools used in healthcare risk management and (5) Integration of approaches. Moreover, several shortcomings were identified in literature.
Originality/value
Identified shortcomings represent significant opportunities for further research development.
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