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The rapid rising of renewable energy sources particularly wind energy cannot be ignored. The numerical increase in wind energy farms throughout the world is the best example. The purpose of this paper is to assess the basic question of whether wind characteristics affect the performance and cost of energy. The importance of this question cannot be ruled out while comparing renewable energy to a conventional form of energy more specifically especially for the developing country where the cost of energy is very high.

The research design of this paper is consists of an assessment of local wind characteristics of the wind farm site using Weibull k and c parameters. The performance model is used to assess the performance of the wind turbine (WT) corresponding to local wind characteristics. The wind correlation with WT in terms of changing wind speed has been assessed to quantify the effects of wind speed on the WT behavior and failure of WT components. Similarly, the power curve of WT is assessed and compared with the International Electrotechnical Commission standards 61400-12-2. The WT power coefficient and tip speed ratio corresponding to wind speed is also investigated. The energy volume and cost of energy lost model is used to determine the cost and volume loss of energy/kWh of the wind farm.

The findings of practical wind farms showed that the wind conditions of the site are showing a strong tendency that can be determined from the results of Weibull k and c parameters. The k and c parameters are observed to be 3.44 and 9.16 m/s, respectively, for a period of a year. The standard deviation is observed to be 2.56 for a period of a year. WT shows the efficient behavior can be obtained from the power coefficient and tip speed of WT at different wind speeds. Also, wind farm observation showed that to be some increasing wind speed cause of based WT component failures. The results of energy volume and cost/kWh assessment showed that the major portion of energy volume and cost of energy is lost owing to network, voltage dip and frequency surge, electrical and mechanical components failures.

Generally, it can be concluded that the WTs are now able to cope with variable wind speeds. However, the results of this paper are showing that WT performance and availability decreased due to increased wind speeds. It can also be a reason to decreased volume and increase the cost of energy/kWh.

The research activity presented in this paper has the objective of developing models for the evaluation of technological risk and loss of production due to failures, which are among the criterions that enable the choice of optimal scenarios for energy supply. This activity is based on the European Project “Risk of Energy Availability: Common Corridors for Europe Supply Security” (REACCESS), which aims to develop an analytical tool to analyse scenarios for future secure European Union (EU) energy supply.

The paper proposes an innovative approach, since nowadays a generalised analytic model for risk assessment in large‐scale energetic systems does not exist. In particular, the methodology adopted includes models to assess risk for people safety, risk for the environment and availability for corridors and the related infrastructures. As regards technological risk, accidents producing loss of lives in the population and environmental damage are taken into account; while for the loss of production primary attention is paid to technical failures and maintenance.

Since the analytic models developed perform a large‐scale assessment, they must be flexible and simplified to adapt to different situations and to be easily updated when different future scenarios are investigated. Details of the analysis depend on the precision of data collected and inserted in the models. The damage assessment is affected by deficiency and uncertainties related to territorial and statistical data. Nevertheless, the outcomes obtained for each energy commodity are reasonable and often comparable to literature data.

Based on this study output, technological risk can be considered, more systematically than in the past, in the selection of EU strategies for future energy supply. The corridors social cost is included in future strategies selection, in addition to purely economical and environmental evaluations.

To better understand bioenergy's role in sustainable rural development and cleaner environment, it is necessary to place it in a local regional context. This paper aims to provide a conceptual approach for biomass-based energy self-sufficiency in rural areas of developing and underdeveloped countries having a strong agricultural sector. It further provides a framework for the estimation of surplus biomass and bioenergy potential and the biomass power emissions in a rural area.

A detailed approach is laid out to attain energy self-sufficiency in rural areas encompassing identification of surplus biomass resources in a selected area, suitable conversion technologies, consideration of local end-use priorities, skill development and monitoring of the project.

Following the novel approach proposed in this paper a case study analysis for Thanagazi block (Alwar District, India) is done, and it is observed that locally available biomass in the block can substitute more than 75% of the conventional energy demand and save 78% emissions vis-à-vis equivalent coal power. This indicates that creating local bioenergy production system as a means of substituting/complementing fossil energy can contribute to a cleaner self-sufficient ecosystem.

Biomass is a spatio-temporal resource. Prior works have looked at bioenergy potential for national or state levels; however, granular data to reveal a more realistic outlook in a rural area is the novelty of this work. Furthermore, biomass assessment studies largely focus on crop residual biomass, whereas the present study also includes livestock manure assessment which is a major resource in rural areas. This paper highlights the need and the approach for exploring locally available biomass to meet the local energy demands for clean energy security while considering the involvement of the local population in bioenergy planning and implementation.

Most energy planning exercises are carried out with aggregate data at the national level. At regional level namely village, block/district, there have been fewer efforts for energy planning. This paper aims to present a conceptual framework for analyzing energy consumption pattern at rural domestic sector. The entire framework is designed in such a way that user is provided with helpful tips and context-sensitive help options.

Decision support system (DSS) is developed with a graphical user interface (GUI) which helps to compute domestic energy consumption at a specific location. This user interface is fully menu-driven GUI in which different types of data are handled, maintained and displayed. Using this GUI, administrator can generate various reports regarding energy requirements from which decision maker can analyse the energy consumption pattern, per capita energy consumption (PCEC), adult equivalent, etc.

DSS assists in analyzing the energy sources and demand spatially. The technologies and methods used to develop and deploy DSS to aid in domestic energy consumption make work easier for a decision maker. GUI provides user an easy access of data analysis and the design and evaluation of domestic energy consumption strategies. DSS is validated with the data pertaining to energy situation of a block in central India. Stratified sampling survey, energy analysis covering 100 households from ten villages revealed that the average value of PCEC (in kWh/day) resource-wise ranges and activity wise for the surveyed block are as follows: fuel wood (0.60), dung cake (0.085), kerosene (0.18), liquefied petroleum gas (0.052) and electricity energy for lighting and appliances (0.353) and on the other hand it is observed that cooking PCEC is highest (0.505), followed by heating (0.24), lighting (0.162), cooling (0.162) and electrical appliances (0.108).

Energy analysis shows energy DSS will improve the quality of decision making at the block, district, and state level and enable the analysis and understanding of energy impacts of various decisions. Considering the Indian rural energy availability scenario, possible renewable energy solutions are also suggested to meet the current domestic energy requirements partially or fully.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze wind climate parameters and performance functions, on the basis of two years of data, and reliability of Pakistan’s first wind farm located at Jhimpir, Sindh.

The methodology covers assessment of wind climate parameters including wind variation at different hub heights, wind shear and diurnal wind shear. In addition, a performance assessment of a wind farm on the basis of technical and real availability, capacity factor and failure rate of mechanical and electrical components has been conducted. The Weibull method has been used for reliability analysis. The maintenance model is proposed for improving the performance. Last is about annual energy volume lost and of financial constraints’ assessment.

The monthly mean wind variation at heights of 80, 60 and 30 m was found to be 8, 6.9 and 5.9 m/s, respectively. The monthly mean wind shear coefficient was found to be 0.2419. The performance assessment of the wind farm includes technical and real availability, and the capacity factor was found to be 97, 90 and 35.5 per cent, respectively. The failure rate found in the first and second year was 8 and 14 per cent, respectively. Reliability decreased from the first year to the second year, i.e. 0.89 to 0.71 per cent. The components’ failure frequency rose to 57.2 per cent in the second year. The lost energy production due to electrical and mechanical failures was 27.241 GWh in two years that cost Pakistani Rs. 329.8m.

The results of the assessment show that a wind farm needs drastic maintenance strategies to maximize the its performance.

Introduction: Although the concept of energy security has different meanings for each country, it is included in the energy policies of all countries in general. Energy security policies have more strategic importance especially for energy-importing countries. Imported energy sources are widely used in Turkey as in many countries. The variety of imported energy sources and the density of imports according to the imported countries affect the security of imported energy supply. Although the high density of imports is a risk factor, there are political and structural factors that may affect economic relations with the countries where energy is imported.

Aim: The aim of this study is to measure the short-term risk for the import of fossil resources in Turkey for the period 1999–2018.

Method: An index has composed by revising the risky external energy supply index included in the study of Le Coq and Paltseva (2009).

Findings: Empirical findings showed that on average, the most risky source of imports based on fossil resources is oil, followed by natural gas and coal respectively.

Originality of the Study: Various risk factors such as fossil fuel import intensity, political risk, and logistics performance have been taken into consideration in the proposed index. So this index proposed for Turkey, is expected to offer a different perspective to the energy supply security literature.

Implications: The proposed risk index has enabled the measurement of the level of risk in imported fossil sources in Turkey. Thus, policy implications have been made for energy supply security.