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Nickel phosphorus (Ni−P) thin-films have been electrolessly deposited in an acid-plating bath with the addition of manganese sulfate monohydrate (MSM) to achieve higher resistance for the application of embedded resistor with value beyond 10 KΩ. As this material is being used for fabricating embedded resistors under the addition of MSM, its resistance properties including effects of MSM concentration and plating time on resistances, temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), and resistance tolerance of embedded resistor were investigated. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

The structure of fabricated Ni−P film was detected by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The properties of substrate, including the surface morphologies, glass transition process and boundary of copper pad and substrate surface, were performed by SEM, dynamic mechanical analysis and optical microscope, respectively. The resistance tolerances of embedded resistors were elaborated from the cases of Ni−P thin-film resistance tolerance and the size effects of resistors, respectively.

The fabricated film was found to be constructed with numerous Ni−P amorphous nanoparticles, which was believed to be the reason of increasing thin-film resistance. The Ni−P thin-films presented over one magnitude order of resistance increasing in the case of MSM concentration varied from 0 to 40 g/L. For the case of TCRs, Ni−P thin-films deposited with 20 g/L MSM exhibited low TCRs of within ±100 ppm/°C Before TR at temperature elevating from 40 to 160°C, indicating that this Ni−P thin-film belongs to the constant TCR materials according to the military standard. For the tolerance of embedded resistor, the tolerance contributed by Ni−P thin-film was obtained to be 9.8 percent, whereas the geometry tolerances were in the range of 0-20 percent according to the geometries of embedded resistor.

For Ni−P thin-film without MSM, its low resistance with around 100 ohm/sq. limit the values of resistor few KΩ and restricted its widespread application of embedded resistor with higher resistance beyond 10 KΩ. The authors introduced MnSO₄ in Ni−P electroless plating process to improve the low resistance of Ni−P thin-film. The resistance was increased over one order of magnitude after added with 40 g/L MnSO₄. Due to the specific structure, as this material is being used for fabricating embedded resistors, the electrical properties and its application properties to verify its appliance in embedded resistor were systematically investigated by means of SEM, TEM, XRD characterizations, TCRs, resistance tolerance analysis, respectively.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a deeper understanding of how to promote members’ beneficial behaviors toward other members and toward the virtual community (VC). The authors extend Ray et al.’s (2014) framework by developing a more precise definition of community embeddedness, and determining how such embeddedness relates to social support and community engagement.

The authors test the proposed research model using data collected from 333 users of online social support communities/groups dedicated to sharing knowledge about pregnancy and child care. Partial least squares is used to analyze the measurement and structural models.

The study shows that embeddedness and engagement are significant determinants of willingness to help others and willingness to help the community. Embeddedness has a strong, positive effect on engagement. Social support positively affects community identification and embeddedness. However, community identification does not have a significant effect on engagement.

Some of the findings, such as the relative importance of embeddedness in fostering willingness to help the community and the relative importance of engagement in fostering willingness to help others, might not be generalizable to VCs where members join for fun and sharing interests.

Although knowledge contributors could self-derive some drivers of embeddedness and engagement, managers or hosts of VCs should develop strategies and mechanisms to provide or enhance the value they add to knowledge sharing and other beneficial behaviors, even though such added value might be largely intangible.

Social support plays an important role in shaping an individual’s embeddedness within a VC. Managers of VCs should develop strategies to stimulate exchanges of support among members.

The authors believe that community embeddedness plays a more important role than engagement in shaping the VC’s success and effectiveness. However, the extant VC literature has indicated a relatively weak understanding of the notion of community embeddedness. This study intends to fill that void.

This study presents an integrated research model to test the relationships between trust in retailers, trust in mobile payment, loyalty to retailers and loyalty to mobile payment as well as the antecedents of trust in retailers and trust in mobile payment. Thus, this study investigates how customer journey design, relationship investment, structure assurance and perceived ubiquity build trust in retailers and trust in mobile payment and how trust affects loyalty to each aspect. At the same time, this study analyzes the reinforcement of trust and loyalty transfer between a retailer and its mobile payment system.

From the perspective of mobile payment in omnichannel retailing, the authors proposed a framework with several hypotheses and verified the model with structural equation modeling that involves LISREL and SPSS process and based on questionnaire data collected from mobile payment users.

This study confirms the positive influences of customer journey design and relationship investment on trust in retailers and the positive impacts of structure assurance and perceived ubiquity on trust in mobile payment. Meanwhile, the findings validate the effects of trust in retailers and mobile payment on loyalty to both retailers and mobile payment and how trust in retailers transfers to trust in mobile payment and loyalty to retailers transfers to loyalty to mobile payment.

This study contributes to the marketing literature by filling the research gap and offering a complete model that explicates customers' trust and loyalty in omnichannel context. The findings help businesses better understand the omnichannel retailing landscape and thereby develop effective marketing strategies in order to gain customers' trust in both retailer and mobile payment and retain more loyal customers.

This paper aims to propose several characteristics of check-in services and investigates whether these characteristics influence customer perceived utilitarian and hedonic values. These perceived values mediate the influences of check-in services on customers' responses.

From the perspective of mobile check-in service, the authors proposed a framework with several hypotheses and verified the model with structural equation modeling based on questionnaire data collected from mobile device users.

The results indicate that self-disclosure, expressive support and self-congruity positively relate to utilitarian value; instrumental support positively relates to hedonic value and both hedonic and utilitarian values positively relate to continuance intention and re-patronage intention. However, sales promotion has no significant influence on both hedonic and utilitarian check-in values.

This study applies the concept of location-based social networks to provide new insights into the evolving user-generated content research in the interactive marketing field.

This research studies the development of the evolving dynamic system model and explores the important elements or factors and what detailed attributes are the main influences model in achieving the success of a business, industry and management. It also identifies the real and major differences between static and dynamic business management models and the detailed factors that influence them. Later, this research investigates the benefits/advantages and limitations/disadvantages of some research studies. The studies conducted in this research put more emphasis on the capabilities of system dynamics (SD) in modeling and the ability to measure, analyse and capture problems in business, industry, manufacturing etc.

The research presented in this work is a qualitative research based on a literature review. Publicly available research publications and reports have been used to create a research foundation, identify the research gaps and develop new analyses from the comparative studies. As the literature review progressed, the scope of the literature search was further narrowed down to the development of SD models. Often, references to certain selected literature have been examined to find other relevant literature. To do so, a supporting tool (that connects related articles) provided by Google Scholar, Scopus, and particular journals has been used.

The dynamic business and management model is very different from the static business model in complexity, formality, flexibility, capturing, relationships, advantages, innovation model, new goals, updated information, perspective and problem-solving abilities. The initial approach of a static system was applied in the canvas business model, but further developments can be continued with a dynamic system approach.

Based on this study, which shows that businesses are developing more towards digitalisation, wanting the ability to keep up with the era that is moving so fast and the desire to increase profits, an instrument is needed that can help describe the difficulties of the needs and developments of the future world. This instrument, or tool of SD, is also expected to assist in drawing future models and in building a business with complex variables that can be predicted from the beginning.

This study will contribute to the SD study for many business incubator research studies. Many practical in business incubator management to have a benefit how to achieve the business performance management (BPM) in SD review.

The significant differences between static and dynamics to be used for business research and strategic performance management. This comparative study analyses some SD models from many authors worldwide. Their goals behind their strategic business models and encounter for their respective progress.

The purpose of this study is to determine how and when choice variety influences consumers’ willingness to purchase, according to a personal emotion perspective. The choice paradox indicates that although having many choices can be beneficial, it can also cause customer decision paralysis and unhappiness. This article proposes that the desire and motivation to process information vary from person to person, and emotional factors are relevant.

With a 2 × 2 experimental design, this study examines the influence of the interaction of choice variety with need for cognition (NFC) on positive and negative emotions, and then tests the mediating effects on purchase intentions. The sample includes 214 college students, assigned randomly to self-assessment questionnaires.

Both high NFC respondents in the high variety condition and low NFC respondents in the low variety condition exhibit more positive emotions than low NFC respondents in the high variety condition but not more than high NFC respondents in the low variety condition. Positive (negative) emotions increase (decrease) consumers’ purchase intentions.

The experiment was conducted in a virtual store, which may not match real-life store environments or reflect participants’ actual purchase behaviours, so additional research should consider the influence of involvement further.

The results offer suggestions for developing more effective communication with emotions, increasing involvement to maintain consumers’ positive emotions and relieve their confusion, and managing product variety.

This article meets the identified need to study how choice variety influences consumers’ willingness to purchase from a personal emotion perspective.