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Open Up is Mental Health Media's anti‐discrimination project run by and for mental health service users. It spans nine geographical regions throughout England and Wales. Each region has a part‐time co‐ordinator, whose role is to network with groups and individuals, set up training courses, and support people who want to take forward action to challenge discrimination. Here, Mina Sassoon outlines the development of Open Up, and Chandra Shah describes how the training has been used at local level to campaign against cuts in services.

The objective of this chapter is to understand innovative processes of resource redeployment taking place during consumption. We label this as consumer entrepreneurship. We define consumer entrepreneurship as the process of sharing and recombining resources innovatively to seek opportunities for self-creating user value. Through the illustration of heterogeneous forms of consumer peer-to-peer sharing, we argue that consumer entrepreneurship: (1) differs ontologically from a view of entrepreneurship as creation of exchange value; (2) bridges the notion, established in marketing studies, of consumers as value creators with the field of entrepreneurship; (3) develops mostly when the process of sharing is regulated informally, based on trust relationships; and (4) thrives as groups of sharing consumers discover and enact their values through the experimentation of multiple forms of product and service procurement. On the basis of these points, consumer entrepreneurship contributes to provide a novel perspective on hybrid organizations, that is, a view of hybrid organizations as everyday spaces where consumers create heterogeneous forms of (utilitarian, social, or environmental) value that they personally use as opposed to reward exchanges. Relative to the current definition of hybrid organizations (Pache & Santos, 2013) and organizing (Battilana & Lee, 2014), we argue that consumer entrepreneurship helps better explain “why, when, and how” consumers increasingly engage in peer-to-peer sharing organizations – a fledging and still underexplored way of organizing consumption worldwide.

Information on job openings by occupation is important for those looking for jobs, for those contemplating education and training options and for policy makers in education and training. Job openings in an occupation are a result of employment growth and the replacement of workers who leave the occupation. In this paper, three concepts of replacement demand are outlined and net replacement demand is estimated and projected for 81 occupational groups, covering the whole of employment in Australia. The results show the net replacement demand rate to vary substantially across occupations, with an average annual rate of 2 per cent.

This paper provides an account of Australian immigration in the late twentieth century focusing on labour market and industrial relations issues. The paper chronicles the changing immigration policy framework, from one premised on exclusion to one designed primarily to serve the needs of the domestic labour market. One of the consequences of the policies, more by default than design, has been the transformation of society from a monocultural to a multicultural one. In spite of this migrants from other than mainly English speaking (MES) countries often have poor labour market outcomes, sometimes well after the time of arrival. This group appears to be more adversely affected by the downturn in economic cycles than other migrants or the Australian‐born population. At the industrial relations level trade unions have made a pragmatic, as well as a principled, shift to embrace immigrant workers from non‐MES countries. However the transition from a centralized system of conciliation and arbitration to a more deregulated labour market has compounded the disadvantage suffered by these workers.

This index covers all issues between February 2005 (Volume 9, Issue 1) and November 2008 (Volume 12, Issue 4). Numbers in bold refer to yolume, numbers in brackets refer to issue, with subsequent numbers to pages.

This paper aims to investigate the process of innovation in firms founded by user-entrepreneurs. It also empirically investigates the role of customer involvement and user-entrepreneurs’ learning goal orientation in the innovation process.

A survey design is used to collect data from entrepreneurs managing small businesses. A total of 255 entrepreneurs responded to the survey questionnaire. The partial least square structural equation model was used to test the measurement and structural model.

Results suggest a positive association of user-entrepreneurship with innovation and customer involvement. Results also confirmed that customer involvement mediates the relationship between user-entrepreneurship and innovation. In addition, results suggest that the higher learning orientation (LO) of user-entrepreneurs plays a vital role in innovation by strengthening the relationship between user-entrepreneurship and customer involvement.

The study focuses on small entrepreneurial firms with less than equal to or less than 250 employees. The results may not be generalizable to larger user-entrepreneurial firms. Also, this study is based on American entrepreneurs. Therefore, the results may not be generalizable to other countries.

Evidence for the role of customer involvement and LO in the innovation process can be used by entrepreneurs and small business owners in hiring and training decisions. Also, the findings suggest the important role played by customers in the innovation process. Firms can use this insight to involve their customers in the product development process to secure better innovation outcomes.

This study contributes to the innovation and entrepreneurship literature by emphasizing the critical role of customer networks in user-entrepreneurs’ innovation performance. It offers a process model that offers empirical evidence supporting the positive role of customer involvement in new ventures. It highlights the role of the LO of user-entrepreneurs in the customer engagement process.

The chapter discusses how adolescents are moving beyond the dichotomy of biological and linguistic socialization, forming interpretive meanings at home through the reading of literature in their mother tongue, Bengali. Involving cultural relevance and non-vulnerability, the chapter conceptualizes “leisure activities” and “leisure pursuits” of reading practice of the IXth and Xth graders from both Bengali and English medium schools in Kolkata. The discussion from the theoretical construction mentions the further conceptualization of reading habits and language choice. This is where adolescents derive their agency. Adolescents from the Indian and especially from the Bengali perspective have a path of colonial discourse. From historical standpoint, the change in Bengali language and its grammar structure has influenced the acceptance of Bengali literature among adolescents in varying degrees through generations. Using mixed methods and content analysis, the chapter focuses on young teenagers’ narration on the way they maneuver curriculum and literature in their respective homes. Authors, for example, Sunil Gangopadhyay, Satyajit Ray, and Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay, form the Bengali identity construction in the present time. Rabindranath Tagore’s, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay’s and Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s works are always prevalent in the Bengali language syllabus. These are considered the foundational modern literary figures of pre-independent India. These are taught from a nationalist and gender discourse perspective. The adolescents in this chapter also read those at a minimum level at home and attempt to juggle the difficult vocabulary involved. The simple language of post-independent literature is much sought after by teenagers compared to pre-independent literature. Sunil Gangopadhyay’s Kakababu series, Satyajit Ray’s Feluda and Professor Shanku series, and Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay’s Chander Pahar stand out among the adolescents from both English and Bengali medium unanimously in this chapter.

This paper aims to provide the security and privacy for Byzantine clients from different types of attacks.

In this paper, the authors use Federated Learning Algorithm Based On Matrix Mapping For Data Privacy over Edge Computing.

By using Softmax layer probability distribution for model byzantine tolerance can be increased from 40% to 45% in the blocking-convergence attack, and the edge backdoor attack can be stopped.

By using Softmax layer probability distribution for model the results of the tests, the aggregation method can protect at least 30% of Byzantine clients.

The purpose of this paper is (1) to determine the factors that significantly influence the capital structure, (2) to determine the factors that significantly influence profitability, (3) to find the factors that significantly influence growth opportunities, (4) to find reciprocal influence between capital structure and profitability and (5) to find reciprocal influence between capital structure and growth opportunity.

The population of this research is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2010–2016. The number registered in the manufacturing sector is 144 companies. The sampling technique applied is purposive sampling. The fulfillment criteria are companies that have been approved before 2010. Another criterion is that the company is not delisting during the observation period. From that total of population, companies that meet the requirements are 117 companies. This observation was conducted for seven years since 2010–2016, so the center of the analysis of this research was a total of 819. The inferential statistics method used to analyze the research data is generalized structural component analysis (GSCA).

The results of this study indicate that (1) the factors that influence the capital structure include effective tax rate, financial flexibility, growth, uniqueness, asset Utilization, firm size and tangibility; (2) factors that affect profitability include liquidity, growth, firm age, uniqueness, tangibility, volatility, advertising and asset turnover; (3) growth opportunity have a negative and significant influence on capital structure. This means an increase in growth opportunity can be defined as an increase in depreciation that will not be used as collateral for managers to increase debt. This increase in debt will have an impact on reducing growth opportunities; (4) profitability and capital structure have a two-way causality relationship, which means they influence each other and (5) capital structure and growth opportunities have a negative reciprocal relationship.

The authenticity of the study is implied in the following explanation: The authors try to examine the reciprocal effect of capital structure on profitability and capital structure on growth opportunities and the factors that influence these two endogenous variables that have never been done by previous researchers. This research is motivated by research conducted by (Chathoth and Olsen, 2007; Jian-Shen Chen et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2010) using the structural equation model (SEM). However, this study uses GSCA as a method of research analysis.