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Open Access
Article
Publication date: 5 March 2024

Harun Sesen, Senay Sahil Ertan and Gözde Inal Cavlan

The aim of this research is to investigate the association between perceived overqualification and leisure crafting in the context of immigrants. Drawing on the cross-cultural…

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this research is to investigate the association between perceived overqualification and leisure crafting in the context of immigrants. Drawing on the cross-cultural adaptation theory, the study tests the moderating role that acculturation plays in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from a total of 226 immigrants living in Northern Cyprus. In the initial survey, data were collected on perceived overqualification and acculturation, which was followed by the measurement of leisure crafting. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Perceived overqualification asserts a significantly positive impact on leisure crafting. Assuming that acculturation plays a moderating role, the research shows that the positive effect that perceived overqualification has on leisure crafting is increased in cases where positive acculturation is elevated as opposed to reduced.

Research limitations/implications

The study results were based on self-reported surveys and data were limited to overqualified immigrant groups in Northern Cyprus.

Practical implications

The study provides significant practical implications for management teams. They can design managerial interventions to increase the acculturation of immigrants, which may in turn reduce the perceived overqualification and increase the positive impact of leisure crafting. Also, the government needs to implement policies targeted at immigrants in order to help them rapidly adapt to the host society.

Originality/value

This research will be a pioneering attempt to explore the positive relationship between perceived overqualification and leisure crafting. The results suggest actions that can be taken to promote leisure crafting behaviors through the use of acculturation to enhance organizational commitment, belongingness to the host society, and well-being in overqualified immigrants.

Details

Revista de Gestão, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1809-2276

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 September 2011

Hatice Kizgin

The purpose of this paper is to generate knowledge to understand individuals migrating from a non‐Western to a Western country and fill the gap of their attitude and behavior.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to generate knowledge to understand individuals migrating from a non‐Western to a Western country and fill the gap of their attitude and behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

The data from the European Social Survey measure basic human values with a new 21‐item instrument and are utilized for analysis. The quantitative research approach analysis measures immigrants' individual values in two directions: immigrants' value differences with the home country (Turkey) and immigrants' value similarities with the host country (Germany and The Netherlands). Second, effects of value priorities on media usage are measured.

Findings

The author found that there was a change of immigrants' values priorities, whereas two value dimensions remain equal to the home and two value priorities change towards the host, such as conservation and self‐transcendence and openness‐to‐change and self‐enhancement, respectively. The effects of value priorities on media usage showed that value orientation plays a role and effects innovativeness.

Research limitations/implications

This study was limited to only one group of immigrants, namely the Turkish immigrants representing the largest group in Germany and The Netherlands.

Originality/value

Immigrants are a growing group in Western European society and a large new group of consumers. If manufacturers want to target this group, a better understanding of their values is a first requirement. So far, no substantial empirical research has taken a broader focus and merges the perspectives of immigrants' individual values. There is a lack of research regarding how non‐Western immigrant values change and consequently affect the behavior in Western Europe. Furthermore, no existing study compares the influence of the outcomes on attitude and behavior.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 2 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0833

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 March 2009

Joop Hartog and Aslan Zorlu

The purpose of this paper is to describe the degree of ethnic residential segregation and diversification in Dutch neighbourhoods.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the degree of ethnic residential segregation and diversification in Dutch neighbourhoods.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data on neighbourhood level, the authors calculate segregation and diversification indices, and illustrate the distribution of main origin groups by cumulative distribution functions. A preliminary analysis is conducted to quantify the relationship between neighbourhood ethnic composition and economic outcomes (income and welfare dependency).

Findings

No evidence is found on the existence of mono‐ethnic neighbourhoods in The Netherlands. The higher concentration of non‐Western immigrants in the large cities occurs in neighbourhoods with a high degree of diversity from several origins. An apparent strong correlation between the concentration of non‐Western immigrants and the prevalence of social benefits is likely due to the composition effect. The findings counter the public opinion that ghetto‐like neighbourhoods are dominant. They suggest that neighbourhood housing composition plays possibly an important role to attract immigrants with a weak socio‐economic position, who are often from a variety of non‐Western countries, rather than from a single origin.

Practical implications

Social policies aimed at improving neighbourhood quality affect non‐Western immigrants from different source countries simultaneously, as they tend to live together in immigrant neighbourhoods. But integration policies targeted at neighbourhoods are insufficient, as many immigrants live in areas with low immigrant density: policies targeted at individuals (and families) remain indispensable.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to document segregation and diversity in The Netherlands, using unique neighbourhood level data. Applying cumulative distribution functions to these issues is also novel.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 30 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 October 2008

Sibylle Heilbrunn and Nonna Kushnirovich

The purpose of this paper is to examine governmental support to immigrant entrepreneurs and its impact on their businesses. The study seeks to explore the needs of immigrant

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine governmental support to immigrant entrepreneurs and its impact on their businesses. The study seeks to explore the needs of immigrant entrepreneurs as to government support schemes, and the impact of government policy upon mobilization of resources and growth of immigrant businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

Combining convenient and snowball sample, 218 former Soviet Union immigrant entrepreneurs from all over Israel and all business spheres were surveyed via a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted by quantitative statistical methods.

Findings

Entrepreneurs who encountered more problems at business start‐up are more likely to receive government support. Receiving support facilitates mobilizing resources and compensates for fewer opportunities of initially weak businesses.

Research limitations/implications

Further research might focus upon comparing the impact of policy on immigrant entrepreneurs between countries. Utilization of the findings by policy makers may improve the impact of policy and help to focus the allocation of resources more efficiently.

Originality/value

The paper provides valuable insight for academics and practitioners who are interested to foster immigrant entrepreneurship as mechanism of economic integration.

Details

International Journal of Public Sector Management, vol. 21 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0951-3558

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 March 2009

Delia Furtado and Nikolaos Theodoropoulos

The purpose of this paper is to test whether marriage to a native affects the probability that an immigrant will be employed.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test whether marriage to a native affects the probability that an immigrant will be employed.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing 2000 US Census data, first the effect of cross‐nativity marriages on employment is examined using an ordinary least squares model. To deal with endogeneity concerns, a two‐stage least squares model instrument for marriage to a native using local marriage market conditions is then estimated.

Findings

Results from an ordinary least squares model controlling for the usual measures of human capital and immigrant assimilation suggest that marriage to a native increases an immigrant's employment probability by approximately four percentage points. When taking into account the endogeneity of the intermarriage decision, marriage to a native increases the probability of employment by about 11 percentage points.

Research limitations/implications

Although various mechanisms are discussed through which marriage to a native can increase employment probabilities of immigrants, the authors do not disentangle these mechanisms. This is an area ripe for future research.

Originality/value

It is shown that, from a theoretical perspective, marriage to a native has an ambiguous effect on immigrant employment rates. The empirical answer to this question provides insights into the assimilation process, which may prove useful in designing optimal immigration policies.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 30 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 November 1998

Augustin de Coulon

This paper represents an attempt to investigate the assimilation process of immigrants in Switzerland. Some institutional and historical background is first presented, after which…

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Abstract

This paper represents an attempt to investigate the assimilation process of immigrants in Switzerland. Some institutional and historical background is first presented, after which we analyse the education profile of the immigrants through four cohorts of arrival. The results tend to show that the immigrant workforce is rather heterogeneous and should be analysed with a breakdown by country of origin. Following Chiswick (1978), we then proceed to an analysis of the assimilation process of immigrants in Switzerland. We take into account the possible decline in cohort quality by introducing cohort dummies. The main results are that the assimilation process is closely connected with the education profile of the immigrants and that training in the home country accounts for a large part of the wage differential between the immigrants and the native Swiss.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 19 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 February 2011

Faqin Lin

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether there are any systematic relationships between the characteristics of each study about immigrants' pro‐trade impacts and its…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether there are any systematic relationships between the characteristics of each study about immigrants' pro‐trade impacts and its results.

Design/methodology/approach

A meta‐analysis of 24 papers and 184 estimates that study the trade‐creating network effects of immigrants is employed.

Findings

The paper finds that, first, immigrant's trade‐creating effects are higher for English‐speaking countries than for non‐English‐speaking countries; second, immigrant's trade‐creating effects are higher for disaggregated data than for aggregated data; third, the trade‐creating effects seem declining over time. Besides, no evidence of publication bias has been found.

Research limitations/implications

This study relied heavily on case studies on developed countries.

Practical implications

Given strong evidence about the pro‐trade effects of immigrants and the unevenness of such effects, the world countries could reduce the cost and barriers for the movements of immigrants and thus help to increase international trade.

Originality/value

The paper is the first to use meta‐analysis to assess the pro‐trade effects of immigrants across different studies.

Details

Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, vol. 4 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-4408

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 16 February 2024

Aleksandra Gaweł and Bartosz Marcinkowski

Immigrant integration through entrepreneurship is hindered by the prevalent informality of their ventures. This study aims to examine the factors influencing the formalisation of…

Abstract

Purpose

Immigrant integration through entrepreneurship is hindered by the prevalent informality of their ventures. This study aims to examine the factors influencing the formalisation of immigrant entrepreneurship, with special focus on those who are under the impact of the host country.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on a series of focus groups conducted among a total of 59 Ukrainian immigrants in Poland. Based on coding into first-order categories, second-order themes and aggregate dimensions, the authors created a model of immigrant entrepreneurship formalisation.

Findings

The results of the research included in the model show the groups of factors influencing the formalisation of immigrant entrepreneurship. Immigrants bring both their personal attitudes and embeddedness in their country of origin during immigration. Then, factors of the host country’s institutions, interactions between local authorities and local communities and the need for a new place of belonging interact in the formalisation process. Formal entrepreneurs, as a new identity for immigrants, are the result of the formalisation process.

Originality/value

The results not only focus on social capital or the institutional failures of formal and informal institutions in transforming immigrants into formal entrepreneurs, but we also recognise the individual aspect of the new identity as formal entrepreneurs and a new place of belonging. In addition, the authors distinguish the importance and interactions between local communities and local authorities in this process. The paper contributes to the theory of entrepreneurship, migrant study and institutional theory.

Details

Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2053-4604

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 February 2024

Aleksandra Gaweł and Timo Toikko

The social inclusion of immigrants has been a central public policy issue in European countries, and entrepreneurship is often promoted as a form of integration. Female immigrants

Abstract

Purpose

The social inclusion of immigrants has been a central public policy issue in European countries, and entrepreneurship is often promoted as a form of integration. Female immigrants face double discrimination of gender and ethnicity while becoming entrepreneurs. The aim of the paper is to investigate the female empowerment in the host country as a predictor of immigrant women engagement in entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on panel data for European Union countries for years 2006–2021, female immigrant entrepreneurship was modelled by the impact of variables showing the empowerment of women in host countries. Data availability was the determinant regarding the inclusion of 22 countries: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden were all in the research sample.

Findings

Although immigrant entrepreneurship is highly context-oriented and locale-specific (as in the physical setting for relationships among people), some universal patterns for a group of countries are found. A stronger political and managerial position of power for the women in host countries encourages female immigrant entrepreneurship, while the gender pay gap is statistically insignificant.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper is due to the multi-country level and female-focused research perspectives in immigrant entrepreneurship. The study refers to the intersectionality of gender and ethnicity, arguing that the empowerment of women in host countries affects female immigrant entrepreneurship at the macro-level.

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 22 February 2024

Agnieszka Nowinska and Marte C.W. Solheim

The purposes of this paper are to delve into the “liability of foreignness” among immigrants and to explore factors that may enhance or moderate such liability while obtaining…

Abstract

Purpose

The purposes of this paper are to delve into the “liability of foreignness” among immigrants and to explore factors that may enhance or moderate such liability while obtaining jobs in host countries. We explore the competition for jobs in a host country among foreign-born individuals from various backgrounds and local residents, by examining such factors as their human capital, as well as, for the foreign-born, their duration of residence in the host country.

Design/methodology/approach

Applying configurational theorizing, we propose that the presence of specific human capital can help reduce the challenges associated with the “liability of foreignness” for migrants who have shorter durations of stay in the host country, and, to a lesser extent, for female migrants. Our study draws upon extensive career data spanning several decades and involving 249 employees within a Danish multinational enterprise.

Findings

We find that specific human capital helps established immigrants in general, although female immigrants are more vulnerable. We furthermore find a strong “gender liability” in the industry even for local females, including returnees in the host countries. Our findings suggest that for immigrants, including returnees, career building requires a mix of right human capital and tenure in the host country, and that career building is especially challenging for female immigrants.

Originality/value

While the concept of “liability of foreignness” – focussing on discrimination faced by immigrants in the labour market – has been brought to the fore, a notable gap exists in empirical research pertaining to studies aiming at disentangling potential means to overcome such liability, as well as in studies seeking to explore this issue from a stance of gendered experience.

Details

Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2049-8799

Keywords

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