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Cobalt, Nickel and Copper hexaazabiphthalocyanine were prepared by the reaction of pyridine 2,3‐dicarboxylic acid anhydride, pyromillitic acid dianhydride, with urea and metal salt in presence of ammonium molybdate catalyst. The reaction is carried out in an inert solvent [nitrobenzene]. The structure of the prepared compound was confirmed by microanalytical and pectrophotometric methods. Evaluation of the highly coloured products according to international standard methods showed their suitability as excellent pigments for coating applications.

This study aims to assess the relationship between sleep habits and obesity in children.

This is an observational cross-sectional case–control study conducted on 100 children aged 6–12 years, selected randomly from the OPC of the Pediatric Hospital, Ain-Shams University. The subjects were subdivided into two groups: the control group of 50 and the target group of children who are classed overweight or obese. Subjects were excluded where the obesity could be explained owing to an endocrinal and/or any identified disease, those who have a medical or psychiatric illness, and those whose parents refused to give consent. All patients had a full history taken, and each child’s parent fulfilled one questionnaire on sleep behaviors.

This study found that 72% with bedtime resistance compared to only 14% among the control subjects, 68% of children experienced a delay with sleep onset compared to 14% among controls, 68% experienced sleep duration abnormalities compared to 12% in the control group, 60% of children stated they needed their parents while going to sleep, compared to 12% among controls, 64% of cases suffered from walking during the night compared to 12% among controls, 64% of cases had a Parasomnia compared to 12% among controls, 66% of cases snoring loudly compared to 12% among controls, and 66% suffering from Apnea, compared to 6% in the control group, and 50% of cases had daytime sleepiness compared to 14% among controls.

It is hoped that this research will be remedied through the adoption of a child-centered approach inspired by the rights to health and play, and the general principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).

The results showed a strong association between excessive weight and increased risk of sleep problems, which were broadly diffused in the population childhood.

This current study has given us a base for the overwhelming fact that these children are directly affected by obesity. A chronic medical condition has enormous implications on health and can lead to many associated disease processes.

Linear electron beam radiation has been used to induce irradiation grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), glycidyl methacrylate/β-cyclodextrin (GMA/β-CD), and glycidyl methacrylate/monochlorotriazinyl-β-cyclodextrin (GMA/MCT-β-CD) onto cotton fabrics. The effect of radiation dose, GMA concentration and CDs concentration on graft yield, epoxide content and the bonded amount of CDs was investigated. Results obtained reveal that the amount of CDs bonded within the fabric; the add-on and the epoxide content are directly related to the CDs concentration, GMA concentration and the irradiation dose. Graft yield and epoxide content increase with the increase of radiation dose to a certain extent, and they decrease due to degradation of GMA at higher irradiation doses. Results also reveal that although the bonded amount of CDs is nearly proportional to the concentration of CDs in the treatment solution, the accessibility ratio of CDs decreases with increasing CDs concentration. Treatment of fabrics grafted with GMA (Cell-g-GMA) and GMA/CDs mixtures (Cell-g-GMA/CDs) in a sequel step with the corresponding CDs increases the amounts of CDs fixed onto the fabrics, while epoxide content decreases. The treatment of the cotton fabrics with GMA and CDs was established on the basis of spectral data studies.

Summary The present work aims to study the inhibition mechanism of barium metaborate pigments. Six grades of barium metaborate pigments were prepared in the Laboratory of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre of Cairo, Egypt. The methods of preparation modification and evaluation is the main subject of a recent article. The pigments were incorporated, with other ingredients, into formulations, and the electrode potential, electrical resistance, water uptake and weight loss measurements were taken. Formulations based on a commercial pigment supplied by an international company were prepared and used as blanks.

The effect of pigment filler and extender on the antifouling efficiency of six compositions containing organotin polymer is studied. The binder mixture is a blend containing a copolymer of tri‐n‐butyltin methacrylate and methylmeth acrylate (OTP) with 22% tin content, a vinyl copolymer with its external plasticizer and little amount of rosin. Cuprous oxide was added as a supplementary toxin with the OTP. Leaching rates of microamounts of copper and tin were determined for a period of nearly one year applying standard techniques. Painted plates were immersed in Suez Canal waters at Port‐Said for more than 36 months. Comparison between different fillers and extenders on the antifouling behaviour of painted surfaces is shown. Compositions containing cellite and china clay exhibited the maximum antifouling performance.

Cotton-based fabrics, namely loomstate cotton fabric, grey mercerized cotton fabric, loomstate cotton/polyester (50/50 and 35/65) blended fabric were bio-desized by α amylase enzymes and bio-scoured by alkaline pectinase enzymes. The obtained bio-scoured substrates were subject to bleaching with peracetic acid and proceeded for bio-polishing under a variety of conditions. Results show that the extent of bio-polishing depends on the conditions of the treatment. The loss in fabric weight exhibits values which are comparable at 50° and 60°C and substantially higher than those obtained at 40°C. Temperatures of bio-polishing, specifically 40° and 50°, decrease the whiteness index; higher temperature, i.e. 60 °C, does not cause further decrease in the whiteness index whereas the tensile strength decreases. The temperature has a positive effect on surface roughness particularly when bio-polishing is performed at 50°and 60 °C. It was also found that cellulase is more active in mercerized cotton than in either 100 % cotton or cotton/polyester blend. The scanning electron micrograph of fibers after the enzymatic treatment reveals smoothened faces. The ridges that are present in the untreated fiber samples are not found in the case of cellulase-treated fibers. Bio-polishing of cotton fabrics can offer unmatched results by optimizing the process conditions, which can be otherwise achieved with chemical finishes. Reasonably good results were obtained from all the cotton and cotton blend fabrics and show high flexibility and versatility of the treatment in the manufacturing process.

The purpose of this paper is to assess and monitor a sample of heavy metals, namely lead, cadmium and copper, in water treatment plants at Greater Cairo, Egypt, to assess the efficiency of water treatment plants for metals removal and to monitor lead concentrations in the distribution system.

Water samples were collected from two water treatment plants. In addition, randomly flushed tap water samples from different districts at Greater Cairo were analyzed for lead concentration. Other water quality parameters also were monitored in water samples.

The study indicated that for water treatment plant intake, the mean concentrations were 4.44, 0.38 and 5.54μg/l for lead, cadmium and copper respectively. However, the final effluent shows that the mean concentrations of lead, cadmium and copper were 2.0, 0.15 and 2.78μg/l respectively. The drinking water mean metals concentrations were below World Health Organization drinking water guidelines and the Egyptian drinking water standards. The results revealed that water‐treatment plants have a high efficiency for metals removal where lead, cadmium and copper concentrations were reduced by 54.9, 60.5 and 49.8 per cent respectively. On the other hand, as expected, the water treatment plant sludge showed high accumulation with metals in concentrations decreased in the following order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd. The mean lead concentration was 9.5μg/l in tap water samples.

Water treatment plants have a high efficiency for metals removal; water treatment plant sludge contains high concentrations of metals and should be treated before discharge; lead contamination from the distribution system is well established and lead concentration in homes in studied areas were higher than concentrations in plant effluent.

This paper aims to synthesise, characterise and find out the properties of a model dye for convenient union dyeing of wool, polyester and wool/polyester blend fabric compared with C.I. Disperse Yellow 23. The reactive disperse dye was prepared containing sulphatoethylsulphone (SES) as a reactive group. The dye was synthesised by diazotization and coupling reaction. Firstly, we synthesized azo dye intermediate I using 1-aminobenzene-4-sulphatoethylsulphone diazotized and then coupled it with aniline. The synthesized azo dye intermediate I was diazotized and coupled with phenol to give dye 2. Different factors affecting the dyeability and fastness properties of SES dye 2 were thoroughly investigated on wool, polyester and wool/polyester blend fabrics in comparison with C.I. Disperse Yellow 23 dye 1. Maximum exhaustion and total fixation yield using sulphatoethylsulphone (SES) dye 2 were achieved on wool fabric at neutral pH 7. The dye showed high dyeing performance due to its nonionic reactive VS derivative. The dyeing results indicate high quality dyeing properties

Copper and nickel 1,8 binaphthalocyanines were prepared by the urea fusion method. The proposed structure of these compounds was confirmed via micro‐analytical, volumetric and spectrophotometry methods. The prepared binaphthalocyanines compounds showed excellent pigmentary properties on evaluating them according to specific international standard methods.

Nano-sized silver particles at a concentration of 1620 ppm were prepared using hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) as a reductant of silver nitrate and a stabilizer for silver nanoparticles. A solution containing 1620 ppm silver nanoparticles was diluted to 50 ppm and 100 ppm. The diluted solution was applied to cotton fabrics in the presence and absence of a binder to impart antibacterial properties to the fabrics. The solution containing 50 ppm silver nanoparticles with 1% binder (Printofix® Binder MTB EG liquid) induces excellent and durable bactericidal activity in cotton fabrics. The finished fabrics were examined for morphological features and surface characteristics by making use of the SEM. The SEM pictures reveal that silver nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of fibrils (fabric fibres).