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This study aims to investigate the effect of smoking on the income of workers in the Brazilian labor market.

Using data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS), we initially address the sample selection bias concerning labor market participation by using the Heckman (1979) method. Subsequently, the decomposition of income between smokers and nonsmokers is analyzed, both on average and across the earnings distribution by employing the procedure of Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux (2009) - FFL decomposition. Ñopo (2008) technique is also used to obtain more robust estimates.

Overall, the findings indicate an income penalty for smokers in the Brazilian labor market across both the average and all quantiles of the income distribution. Notably, the most significant differentials and income penalties against smokers are observed in the lower quantiles of the distribution. Conversely, in the higher quantiles, there is a tendency toward a smaller magnitude of this gap, with limited evidence of an income penalty associated with this habit.

This study presents an important limitation, which refers to a restriction of the PNS (2019), which does not provide information about some subjective factors that also tend to influence the levels of labor income, such as the level of effort and specific ability of each worker, whether smokers or not, something that could also, in some way, be related to some latent individual predisposition that would influence the choice of smoking.

The relevance of the present study is clear in identifying the heterogeneity of the income gap in favor of nonsmokers, as in the lower quantiles there was a greater magnitude of differentials against smokers and a greater incidence of unexplained penalties in the income of these workers, while in the higher quantiles, there was low magnitude of the differentials and little evidence that there is a penalty in earnings since the worker is a smoker.

The article aimed to identify and analyze the income differences across the income distribution between homosexuals and heterosexuals by occupational groups in Brazil.

PNAD-C microdata was used in two periods (2013–2015 and 2016 to 2019), highlighting the different economic, social and political contexts in Brazil. Recentered influence function and quantile income decomposition were estimated to verify the difference and income discrimination according to the guideline the worker’s sexuality.

For some cases homosexual workers earn more and in others, homosexuals earn less than heterosexuals. The differences in remuneration according to sexual orientation were smaller in positions that demand low qualification and competence. The quantile income decomposition between 2013 and 2015 revealed the positive effect of discrimination was the generator of income disparities between homosexuals and heterosexuals, with greater impact for the 10th and 90th quantiles and on groups that require small levels of complexity and education. Between 2016 and 2019, there was the presence of both effects, but the explained effect was the promoter of wage disparities in most occupational groups.

Given the dataset, it was only possible to work with proxies of homosexual couples.

There has been little research linking the themes of discrimination based on sexual orientation and occupational groups, and so far, it does not exist similar in Latin America. This study found that sexual orientation influences remuneration according to the occupational group that the worker belongs to, affecting income and, consequently, occupational choice. This connection of issues will contribute to new insights into discrimination based on sexual orientation, as well as more effective public policies aimed at reducing discrimination against homosexuals.

This study aims to adapt and validate the need satisfaction and frustration scale (NSFS) for the Brazilian gig work context and investigate the distinctiveness of the constructs of basic needs satisfaction and frustration among Brazilian gig workers.

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted on a sample of 351 Brazilian gig workers.

Results from EFA supported a three-factor structure, while results from CFA psychometrically supported a six-factor correlated model. The items that constitute the NSFS presented good discriminant validity (heterotrait-monotrait ratio) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficients). Results regarding criterion validity partially support previous empirical evidence that considers needs satisfaction and frustration independent in relation to well-being and ill-being while reinforcing the need for further investigations. The Brazilian version of the NSFS is shown to be an instrument with robust psychometric qualities to assess workers’ perception of basic needs satisfaction and frustration in Brazilian gig work context.

This study broadens the scope of research on basic psychological needs by introducing a valid and reliable instrument to assess workers’ perceptions of needs satisfaction and frustration in the Brazilian gig work context, a population that has been neglected in self-determination theory research.

O presente estudo teve como objetivos (1) adaptar e validar a Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale para o contexto brasileiro de gig work e (2) investigar a distinção dos construtos de satisfação e frustração das necessidades básicas entre os trabalhadores gig brasileiros.

A análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e a análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) foram realizadas em uma amostra de 351 trabalhadores gig brasileiros.

Os resultados da EFA apoiaram uma estrutura de três fatores, enquanto os resultados da AFC apoiaram psicometricamente um modelo correlacionado de seis fatores. Os itens que constituem a NSFS apresentaram boa validade discriminante (razão heterotraço-monotraço) e consistência interna (coeficientes alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald). Os resultados relativos à validade de critério apoiam parcialmente as evidências empíricas anteriores que consideram a satisfação e frustração das necessidades independentes em relação ao bem-estar e mal-estar, reforçando a necessidade de mais investigações. A versão brasileira da Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale mostra-se um instrumento com qualidades psicométricas robustas para avaliar a percepção dos trabalhadores quanto à satisfação e frustração das necessidades básicas no contexto brasileiro de trabalho gig.

Este estudo amplia o escopo da pesquisa sobre necessidades psicológicas básicas ao introduzir um instrumento válido e confiável para avaliar as percepções de satisfação e frustração das necessidades dos trabalhadores no contexto brasileiro de gig work, uma população que tem sido negligenciada nas pesquisas da teoria da autodeterminação.

el presente estudio tuvo como objetivos (1) adaptar y validar la Escala de frustración y satisfacción de necesidades para el contexto del trabajo gig brasileño, y (2) investigar el carácter distintivo de los constructos de satisfacción y frustración de necesidades básicas entre los trabajadores gig brasileños.

se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios (AFE) y análisis factoriales confirmatorios (CFA) en una muestra de 351 trabajadores gig brasileños.

los resultados de EFA respaldaron una estructura de tres factores, mientras que los resultados de CFA respaldaron psicométricamente un modelo correlacionado de seis factores. Los ítems que componen la NSFS presentaron buena validez discriminante (relación heterorrasgo-monorrasgo) y consistencia interna (coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald). Los resultados con respecto a la validez de criterio apoyan parcialmente la evidencia empírica previa que considera la satisfacción y la frustración de necesidades independientes en relación con el bienestar y el malestar, al tiempo que refuerzan la necesidad de más investigaciones. La versión brasileña de la Escala de Satisfacción de Necesidades y Frustración se muestra como un instrumento con sólidas cualidades psicométricas para evaluar la percepción de los trabajadores sobre la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas y la frustración en el contexto del trabajo gig brasileño.

este estudio amplía el alcance de la investigación sobre las necesidades psicológicas básicas al presentar un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar las percepciones de los trabajadores sobre la satisfacción y la frustración de las necesidades en el contexto del trabajo gig brasileño, una población que ha sido descuidada en la investigación de teoría de la autodeterminación.

This paper aims to discuss how trade union leaders deal with the implementation of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). The study is circumscribed to the Brazilian automotive sector and came from a human-centric (Industry 5.0) concern related to issues such as organisational learning, knowledge, innovation and workplace learning.

Case studies in two truck plants related to union participation during new product and process implementation based on Industry 4.0. Semi-structured interviews with union leaders from both plants were conducted to determine the subtle similarities and differences between the two polar types.

The findings pointed out that human resources and workplace learning must be reviewed to prepare workers to face I4.0. Four themes are explored: modernisation origins; negotiation process; workers’ concerns; and results and lessons learned. The findings highlight concerns about employees and job loss; replacement of workers by technological devices; workplace learning and the trade union perspective; and influence of the country’s economic situation on I4.0 implementation in social systems dependent on worker tacit knowledge.

This paper presents labour union leaders’ perspectives related to the impact of I4.0 and contributes to a better understanding of industry-worker workplace learning.

The present study aims to present the adaptation and validation of the empowering leadership questionnaire (ELQ) for a sample of Brazilian workers (N = 827).

The procedures of items translation, adaptation and back-translation of the original instrument were carried out. Data collection was performed using the snowball method. Data were evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis.

The results showed that the factor structure was maintained as in the portuguese (from Portugal) and English versions (original). Convergent validity was tested using the ethical leadership at work questionnaire (ELW). The analyses showed that the measure has good psychometric qualities, reliability indices and convergent validity results with the ELW.

The ELQ can still be used to identify the presence of empowering leadership (diagnostic phase) and contribute to proposing organizational interventions that lead to healthier and more productive work environments. Its convergent validity with ethical leadership suggests that managers can apply both (empowering and ethical leadership complementarily) to create quality interactions between leaders and team members that increase workers’ autonomy and allow them to respond promptly to organizational challenges.

Using the ELQ can represent an important tool for the theoretical and practical development of studies of empowering leadership with Brazilian samples.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo presentar la adaptación y validación del Cuestionario de Liderazgo Empoderador (CLE) para una muestra de trabajadores brasileños (N = 827).

Se realizaron procedimientos de traducción de ítems, adaptación y retrotraducción del instrumento original. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante el método de bola de nieve. Los datos se evaluaron con el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC).

Los resultados mostraron que la estructura factorial se mantuvo como en las versiones en Portugal e inglés (original). La validez convergente se probó utilizando el Cuestionario de Liderazgo Ético en el Trabajo (CLET). Los análisis realizados mostraron que la medida tiene buenas cualidades psicométricas, buenos índices de confiabilidad y buenos resultados de validez convergente con el CLET.

El uso del CLE puede representar una herramienta importante para el desarrollo teórico y práctico de estudios de liderazgo empoderador con muestras brasileñas.

El CLE aún puede ser utilizado para identificar la presencia de liderazgo empoderador (fase de diagnóstico) y contribuir a proponer intervenciones que conduzcan a la creación de entornos de trabajo más saludables y productivos. Su validez convergente con el liderazgo ético sugiere que los gerentes pueden aplicar ambos tipos de liderazgo, complementarmente, para crear interacciones de calidad entre líderes y miembros del equipo que aumenten la autonomía de los trabajadores y les permitan responder con prontitud a los desafíos organizacionales.

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de apresentar a adaptação e validação do Questionário de Liderança Empoderadora (QLE) para uma amostra de trabalhadores brasileiros (N = 827).

Foram realizados os procedimentos de tradução, adaptação e retroversão dos itens do instrumento original. A recolha de dados foi realizada utilizando o método bola de neve. Os dados foram avaliados com a Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC).

Os resultados mostraram que a estrutura fatorial se manteve como nas versóes portuguesa e inglesa (original). A validade convergente foi testada com a aplicação do Questionário de Liderança Ética no Trabalho (QLET). As análises realizadas mostraram que a medida possui boas qualidades psicométricas, bons índices de confiabilidade e bons resultados de validade convergente com o QLET.

A utilização do QLE pode representar uma importante ferramenta para o desenvolvimento teórico e prático dos estudos da liderança empoderadora com amostras brasileiras.

O QLE ainda pode ser utilizado para identificar a presença da liderança empoderadora (fase diagnóstica) e contribuir para proposição de intervenções que levem a criação de ambientes de trabalho mais saudáveis e produtivos. Sua validade convergente com a liderança ética sugere que os gestores podem aplicar os dois tipos de liderança, complementarmente, de modo a criar interações de qualidade entre líderes e liderados que aumentem a autonomia dos trabalhadores e permitam que respondam prontamente aos desafios organizacionais.

This research assesses the economic impact of biomass plant installations on Brazilian municipalities, focusing on (1) labor income, (2) sectoral labor income and (3) income inequality.

Municipal data from the Annual Social Information Report, the National Electric Energy Agency and the National Institute of Meteorology spanning 2002 to 2020 are utilized. The Synthetic Difference-in-Differences methodology is employed for empirical analysis, and robustness checks are conducted using the Doubly Robust Difference in Differences and the Double/Debiased Machine Learning methods.

The findings reveal that biomass plant installations lead to an average annual increase of approximately R$688.00 in formal workers' wages and reduce formal income inequality, with notable benefits observed for workers in the industry and agriculture sectors. The robustness tests support and validate the primary results, highlighting the positive implications of renewable energy integration on economic development in the studied municipalities.

This article represents a groundbreaking contribution to the existing literature as it pioneers the identification of the impact of biomass plant installation on formal employment income and local economic development in Brazil. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to uncover such effects. Moreover, the authors comprehensively examine sectoral implications and formal income inequality.

The purpose of this study is to examine how a group of special companies, i.e. highly acknowledged and awarded ones operating in Brazil handle the gender issue.

This investigation relies on historical analysis by addressing essentially a surface-level indicator (i.e. gender preferences). Rather, this study is grounded on data from the companies that were awarded as one of the best organizations to work for in Brazil by Época-Great Place to Work® Institute and Guia Você S/A lists (between 2012 and 2016). As a result, four organizations were selected, that is, the most representative examples of gender doing.

Overall, it found that the glass ceiling is apparently breaking down within at least some germane Brazilian organizations. However, data suggest that other sorts of institutional discrimination may be taking place, i.e. the one in which a feminist mindset may be permeating an organization or even a whole business sector. Under such a scenario, male workers will likely have only a few opportunities.

The sample size of this study does not permit that the results be generalized. In addition, data were elicited from only a specific cohort of companies.

It was found no substantial evidence that these organizations are making strides toward at least mitigating the effects of their gender unbalance, although gender equality and, broadly speaking, diversity does not constitute a new management topic anymore.

Unlike other investigations, it encompasses a larger sample of companies, draws exclusively upon gender-based organizations and is grounded on multiple sources of information. Additionally, data revealed that gendered organizations may encompass different levels of salience.

Software industry, one of the most knowledge-intensive industries, in Brazil has increased opportunities of evolution. Its competitive advantage relies on the efficiency of the organizational knowledge management, but the knowledge hiding, its antecedents and moderators are still understudied. This study seeks to identify a new antecedent to knowledge hiding, such the occupational stress.

The author focused on the moderating effect of social self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy in the relationship between occupational stress and knowledge hiding in software industry in Brazil. The author collected data from 189 software industry Brazilian employees in 30 firms using a time-lagged research design.

This study demonstrated that employees with high levels of social self-efficacy (SSE) and emotional self-efficacy (ESE) or both have more tendency to engage on knowledge hiding behavior comparing to their colleagues with low SSE and ESE. This study showed that SSE and ESE related positively to rationalized hiding, evasive hiding and playing dumb.

The author’s main contribution relies on the finding related to the joint role of social self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy on engaging employees under occupational stress conditions in knowledge hiding behaviors.

The paper presents the concept of Solidarity Economy proposed by the Austrian-Brazilian economist and professor Paul Singer who passed away in 2018 at age 86 years in his home in São Paulo. Singer arrived at the concept of Solidarity Economy by mixing utopian socialist thought originated in Europe during the Industrial Revolution with the wisdom of Latin American working people to find alternative paths to the capitalist economic system. Following the teachings of Paul Singer, we, as practitioners and academics, report the first stage of the formation of a popular cooperative in the sector of recycling that occurred between 2019 and 2021 in the Town of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil. Our analysis of this collective endeavour leads to two main lessons: first, Solidarity Economy is an even broader proposal of an alternative to the capitalist economy than Paul Singer imagined, because its roots are not restricted to the European cooperativism of the nineteenth century, and second, economics must be taught in more popular way because the most urgent economic problems affect primarily the working people.

The study compares how distinct mechanisms that connect pre-established policy objectives to professionals' practices, and the health policy implementation context influenced different approaches to frontline staff participation. The authors analysed 26 teams in six cities from two Brazilian states, during the last cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ).

About 172 in-depth interviews were conducted with frontliners – community health workers (78), nurses (37), doctors (30) – and managers (27). Interview guides were based on key issues identified in the implementation and pay-for-performance (P4P) literature. Drawing on thematic analysis and synthesis of the literature, three types of participation mechanisms were identified: relational, motivational and incremental learning. They were analysed considering distinct contexts at the local level to understand how they influenced different forms of participation: mere adherence, result-oriented and transformative.

Administrations with stronger institutional organizational structures were able to control work processes and reduce professional discretion. However, sustained participation was more likely where there was greater integration between management and frontline health care teams. Motivation based only on financial incentives could not bring about transformative participation. This depended on the degree of professional's ideational motivation towards primary care. Finally, contexts with unfavourable working conditions tend to demotivate professionals, but incremental learning helps teams cope with these obstacles.

The study overcomes gaps in the literature in relation to PMAQ's implementation process. Overall, the study delves into which/how mechanisms alter frontliners participation in performance-oriented health programs.