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Increasing student readiness for higher education is an objective and goal for many college-level preparation programs. Within the college-level programs, there is a group of students who will need additional preparation and support to make the successful transition into higher education. Adult English language (AEL) learners have the task of learning the target language with all of the rules and exceptions to the rules, while applying the language in a meaningful, memorable, and useful manner. When AEL learners are engaged in hands-on project-based learning (PBL) activities, the English language becomes more applicable for everyday use inside and outside the classroom. Learners also have the opportunity to develop additional skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, information gathering, synthesizing, evaluating, and collaborating with a team. All of these skills are critical for success in higher education and transferrable with AEL learners who are completing their college-level preparatory programs.

This chapter discusses the in-class approach of implementing a high-quality PBL activity that integrates English language learning in an authentic real-world manner. Practitioners of AEL programs can draw on their in-class practices and the theories of adult education to utilize PBL in their classroom as a means to facilitate the language acquisition process. Through the PBL process, practitioners become facilitators who help learners meet the challenges of learning English, developing their understanding of American classrooms and improving their readiness for transition into higher education.

Undergraduate/Masters/MBA.

Anamika Enterprise Limited (AEL) is an export-import company founded in 1988. Today, AEL primarily imports coal from India which it then sells to customers in Bangladesh. However, a recent ban on coal mining in the Indian state of Meghalaya has created a huge problem for AEL. It is now considering opening trade routes to China and Indonesia. For that, it will need to consider both the short- and long-term factors related to its decision. It will need to take into consideration the cultural, economic and social factors in all three countries and trade accordingly. Tariff barriers and transportation costs will be a problem for AEL in the short run but in the long run, that may be overcome because of the experience effect arising from international business. Information and communication technology is also expected to have a huge impact.

Students are expected to learn the challenges of running international business in the real world and ways to overcome these challenges.

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

CSS 5: International Business.

In this study, active empathetic listening is purposed as being an antecedent to a salesperson's communication skill, ability to maintain quality relationships and build trust. The study proposes that communication skill, relationship quality and trust all moderate the relationship between AEL and sales performance.

Survey research using salespersons was conducted; structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses of the model.

The findings confirmed that AEL was positively related to salespersons' communication skills, relationship quality and trust. The proposed moderators of communication and trust received support when predicting sales performance.

This was the first empirical study to examine the role of AEL in a relationship selling model. AEL was found to directly affect levels of trust, relationship quality and overall communication skills of salespeople. More research on the role of AEL in the relationship selling process should be investigated.

Managers that focus on long-term relationships in a dyadic buyer-seller relationship may benefit most from this study. A scale that can be used to measure existing levels of AEL in the sales force is included. AEL may better enable salespeople to develop long-term relationships with their customers.

This study examines a form of listening (AEL) that is proposed to be superior to other forms of listening within the personal selling context. Presently little research on the importance of listening and its impact on relationship building exists. This is the first study to test AEL as an antecedent to relationship skills of salespeople.

The effect of market power on allocative efficiency is one of the most important topics in industrial organization and has undergone rigorous investigation since the 1970s. However, empirical studies based on firm-level data are relatively rare, especially with regard to China's tobacco and food industries. Accordingly, this research measures market power and allocative efficiency loss (AEL) of the main tobacco and food industries in China with micro data at firm level. Subsequently, it conducts a comparative analysis on them.

This research applies the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) model, consisting of five pricing and demand simultaneous equations to measure market power, and the AEL model to measure AEL induced by market power. To match with the micro data at firm level, the study implements a change in the traditional NEIO model by abandoning the aggregating process.

Empirical results show that China's tobacco industry, among five sectors selected, has the largest market power and thus the highest degree of AEL, whereas other sectors have apparently smaller market power and lower levels of AEL. Comparative analysis demonstrates a coarse positive correlation between market power and AEL in the selected industries. In general, the results accord well with the existing empirical findings and the reality.

This study has some deficiencies. First, owing to the limitation of high-quality data, the sectors analyzed in this research are insufficient to sum up all the characteristics and rules of China's whole food industry. Second, this research only analyzes seller market power and leaves out buyer market power, which could be a direction for future research.

The relevant administrations should strictly limit the monopoly behaviors of enterprises and establish a favorable and competitive market environment, especially for the tobacco industry. This suggestion is precisely an important content of China's Supply-side Reform.

The research improves the NEIO model in that it can be estimated with micro data at firm level. To the best knowledge of the authors, very few empirical and comparative analyses exist on market power and AEL for China's tobacco and food manufacturers using micro data.

The main purpose of the study is to examine the relationships between e-listening and customers’ perceptions of interpersonal service quality and utilitarian value during e-contact center interactions.

Participants completed an online survey about their service experiences with e-contact centers. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

This study found that e-listening is highly related to interpersonal service quality and utilitarian value. Interpersonal service quality is positively related to e-satisfaction and e-loyalty, both with e-contact centers and e-retailers.

The study utilizes general active empathetic listening (AEL) constructs identified in previous research. Although these constructs provide a way to differentiate the cognitive aspects of AEL, and therefore, a mechanism for discerning utilitarian value, further qualitative studies on nonverbal cues in online communications would develop insights into more granular, behavioral dimensions and effects of e-listening. In addition, the study is based on general e-retailing processes, and is not focused on a specific business or sector. The magnitude of the effects of e-listening on the different factors related to customer relationships may vary with different sectors.

E-contact centers should provide interpersonal interactions that emphasize utilitarian value. The centers should be staffed by employees who are well trained in AEL and who are provided with appropriate resources. The interactions of these e-contact centers can provide significant input to e-retailers about the improvement of service quality and resulting customer e-loyalty.

The research provides an original view of service quality in e-contact center contexts and makes a valuable contribution to understanding the evolving service offerings of multi-channel e-retailing. The study provides support for the argument that value and quality in interpersonal interactions with e-contact centers lead to satisfaction and consequently to customer loyalty.

Delhi Metro Airport Express Line (AEL) from New Delhi Metro Station to Dwarka Sector 21 linked the Indira Gandhi International Airport. The line was operated by the Delhi Airport Metro Express Pvt Limited (DAMEPL), a subsidiary of Reliance Infrastructure (RInfra), the concessionaire of the line. The AEL was opened on February 23, 2011. Due to defects with the civil structure on the elevated section of the line, it was temporarily shut down on July 8, 2012. DAMEPL had been unable to run the AEL profitably ever since it started operations due to poor ridership and high operating costs. After three months in October, 2012 with the repairs nearly completed, RInfra had to take a call on the way forward.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the functionality and main results of the ImmoRisk tool. The aim of the project of the Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS), in corporation with the Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR), was to develop a user-friendly tool that provides a sound basis with respect to the risk situation caused by extreme weather events.

The tool calculates the annual expected losses (AEL) for different types of extreme weather hazard and the damage rate as the proportion of AEL on building value, based on a trinomial approach: natural hazard, vulnerability and the value of the property.

The paper provides property-specific risk profiles of both the present and future risk situation caused by various extreme weather events.

The approach described in the paper can serve as a model for the realization of subsequent tools in further countries bound with other climatic risks.

The real estate industry is affected by a significant rise in monetary damages caused by extreme weather events. Accordingly, the approach is suitable for implementation in the companies’ real estate risk management systems.

The tool offers homeowners a profound basis for investment decisions with regard to adaptation measures.

The approach pioneers fourfold: first, by meeting the needs of the housing and real estate industry based on a trinomial approach; second, by using a property-specific bottom-up approach; third, by offering both a comprehensive risk assessment of the hazards storms, flood and hailstorm and finally, by providing results with respect to the future climatic risk situation.

The purpose of this study is to examine how a service provider’s offer quality is evaluated (OQ).This study shows that attitude toward the salesperson in a service context (AS) is an important antecedent to OQ.

This study involves three studies, first is a dyadic data analyzed with HLM, second is an experiment and the third an IAT.

The findings of this study show that active empathetic listening increases offer quality evaluations, regardless of the AS level. However, at lower levels of AS, sales perseverance negatively affects offer quality evaluations.

While research suggests that listening is extremely important, there is also research that suggests that perseverance is more important. Considering data from sales people and from consumers, the authors examine when listening and when perseverance is important.