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Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine the significant difference between the performance of the Indian banks in pre coronavirus disease (COVID 19) and post COVID 19 periods. Further, it explores the impact of COVID 19 on the profitability of the Indian banks by investigating variation between the non-performing assets (NPAs) and the net profit of the banks during pre and post COVID 19 periods.

Need of the study: The COVID 19 outbreak has affected various industries including Indian banks which reported an increase in NPAs, and demand for credit which in turn impacted profitability. This study was carried out to examine the impact of COVID 19 outbreak on Indian banking sector.

Methodology: This study uses different banks’ NPA and net profits performance to examine the effect of COVID 19 on banks’ overall performance. The data have been collected from secondary sources, commercial websites, and websites of Indian banks (private and public sectors). t-Test was used to analyse the data.

Findings: Among public sector banks, Canara Bank was found to have a significant difference in net profit in the pre and post COVID 19 periods. In private sector banks, HDFC Bank showed a significant difference in the net profit in pre and post COVID 19 periods. For NPAs, all private banks showed no significant difference in pre and post COVID 19 period results.

Implications: The study revealed that both private and public sector banks in India were mildly affected by pandemic and most of them are significantly reporting no difference in net profit and NPAs during pre and post COVID 19 periods.

Purpose: This chapter discusses the role and use of chatbots adopted by the different categories of banks (private and public sector banks) in India. The chapter presents brief essential services offered by Indian chatbots regarding accuracy, technology providers and virtual assistance, ways to connect, etc. This chapter concluded that most of the questions answered by the Indian chatbots are already available on the banks’ websites, and there is a need for enhancement in the capabilities of Indian chatbots.

Need for the Study: The need for the study is based on the working of banking chatbots, customer query handling, and the efficiency of the chatbots in India. The chapter helps to analyze the services offered by various banks.

Methodology: This chapter is based on secondary data collected from banks’ websites and articles from various journals. The study is based on nine banks (both private and public sectors) those are having working chatbots (SBI, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Yes Bank, IndusInd Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Axis Bank, Andhra Bank, Bank of Baroda). The present study is focused on chatbots, their services, and software applications for various customer-handling capacities.

Findings: The research concluded that Indian banks are investing a small amount in using chatbots, yet Indian chatbots are deficient regarding far too provincial administrations as they are adequate just for standard and basic inquiries. Also, Indian customers are not properly aware of chatbots and virtual assistance.

Practical Implications: This study provides an overview of the working chatbots in India (for both public and private sector banks) and their functions, as well as the capacities of these chatbots. The previous conducted studies are based on the uses, importance, and working of chatbots/artificial intelligence (AI) in banking. In this study, after discussing the different services, it is found that Indian banks need to update their AI/Virtual assistance with more features.

There has been an increase in the number of multinational banks (MNBs) in India and Nigeria. While the literature is replete with analysis of multinational banking in developed countries, not much is known about the drivers of multinational banking in developing countries. This chapter uses the linear probability estimation technique and a sample of 57 Indian and Nigerian banks to investigate firm-level determinants of bank internationalization, as well as inter-bank variations in the number of foreign branches/subsidiaries. The empirical results suggest that the decision by banks from India and Nigeria to internationalize is influenced by firm-level characteristics such as after-tax profit, capital adequacy ratio (CAR), total assets (TA or bank size), volume of customer deposits (CD) and the number of domestic branches. A bank’s decision to establish a given number of foreign branches and subsidiaries depends on variables such as CAR, CD and TA. Based on the empirical results, the chapter proposes some hypotheses about bank internationalization in developing countries.

This study gauges the profitability and performance of Indian commercial banks under the technology advancements. In this study, the authors identified three domains that give advantage to banks due to technology incorporation, that is, increased sales revenue, reduced operating expenses, and increased employee productivity. The authors assess the effect of these domains on banks’ profitability and performance. This study is conducted for the period between the years 2003 and 2018 across 34 public and private banks for empirical analysis. The authors examined the impact of investment in technology on the profitability using panel data analysis and evaluated the long-term effect of technology investment using the vector error correction model. This study found that there is a mixed effect of technology spend on the profitability and performance of Indian banks, where private sector banks are more aggressive in technology investment as compared to the public sector banks. This study recommends an optimal technology-related strategy to gain improved productivity for the banking business, that is, planned technology reserves, customer awareness campaigns about technology-enabled products, and robust employee–customer motivation policy.

This study develops a multidimensional framework using data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a benchmarking tool to assess the performance of the commercial banks in India. Using the DEA approach, this study compares the relative performance of 35 banks against one another with 8 variables as the benchmark parameters. This study finds that most of the banks are consistently performing well over a period from 2005 to 2009. The study also shows the areas in which inefficient banks are lagging behind and how they can improve their performance to bring them at par with the efficient commercial banks.

The Eurozone debt crisis has indeed jeopardized the recovery plans put in place post global crisis by regulators, policymakers, and the sovereigns. Though the crisis is epicentered in the Eurozone, the knock-on effects of the crisis are felt all across the globe. The emerging and developing economies (EDEs) are also expected to post lower growth on account of worsening external environment and a weakening internal demand. This chapter analyzes the causes for sovereign debt crisis, presents the implications of sovereign debt crises, and draws lessons for banking sectors more particularly in the context of emerging markets like that of India.

This chapter explores the CSR conceptual framework, with a particular focus on the CSR policy diffusion and integration in the corporate banking in India. In a nutshell, the research has threefold objectives, it explores: the dynamics of the CSR conceptual development, sketching out the main contextual drivers leading to CSR policy importance in developed/developing countries; the CSR evolution in Indian scenario, pointing out India’s cultural and institutional contextual factors; and the context of banking sector regulations on CSR policy and guidelines. The analysis is supported by a comparative multiple case study analysis, on three leading public banks: State Bank of India (SBI), Bank of Baroda and Punjab National Bank. The rationale for case selection is based on the social and environmental implications of banking financial decisions on the matter. The banking sector is still at the initial stage of integrating CSR policies in their regulations. The findings reveal increasing attention among the banks towards the adoption of social banking regulations. There is a substantial body of empirical evidence showing that the newly CSR core values and guidelines at international level have often had little effect on CSR practice in the banking sector at the country level. The research shows that it is important to look at the CSR evolution through an integrated model of analysis, based on conceptual and empirical evidence. It pointed out an integrated model of analysis of the banking sector through the lens of comparative case studies.

Non-performing assets (NPAs) are classified as loans and advances which are in default, either refund of principal or interest payments are not duly met. This not only leads to dishonour of loan agreement from the recipients' point of view but also huge NPAs result macroeconomic instability and economic crisis. The financial crisis may create hindrances towards achievement of sustainable development of an economy. Keeping NPA in balance sheet portrays lacunae in management of the lender. The non-recovery of interest and principal reduces the lender's operating cash flow, which upsets the budget and drops the earnings. Statutory provisions, set aside to cover probable losses, reduce the income further. When the non-recovery is determined to be definite in nature, they are written off against earnings of the lending institution. Thus, presence of NPAs in balance sheet gives a distress signal to the stakeholders of the lending institution. Under this consideration, the present study will look upon some of these issues related to NPA management in Indian banking sector. The main objective of this study is to discuss the nexus between the NPA of Indian scheduled banks for priority sector, non-priority sector and public sector and the gross domestic product (GDP) of Indian economy for the time period 2005–2020. To study this objective, the ratio analysis and the trend analysis of NPA of three sectors and GDP of Indian economy over the given time frame have been done. Finally, some policy prescriptions regarding achievement of sustainable development after taking into account NPA management of an economy have also been proposed.

Purpose: Worldwide economies have been shattered by the alarming increase in Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in Banking Sector. In India, the rise in NPA levels gives a clear insight into the health of industry and state. This study aims to determine how NPAs in India impact the profitability of eight banks chosen from the public and private sectors; specifically: Punjab National Bank (PNB), Bank of India (BOI), UCO Bank, Punjab and Sind Bank (PSB), HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, ICICI Bank, and Yes Bank; during the period 2009/2010 to 2017/2018.

Design/methodology/approach: The study utilised IBM SPSS version 20 application to carry out our statistical analysis of measures of central location (mean and median), measures of dispersion (standard deviation), to carry out the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test to check the normality of data, the Mann–Whitney U test (for two groups) for median comparison between private and public sector banks and the Kruskal–Wallis test (for more than two groups) for median comparison for more than two banks. p ≤0.01 and p ≤0.05 were the two-tailed significance level used for determining the significance of all statistical tests.

Findings: Trend analysis and statistical tests show that the trend in public sector banks to have NPAs is higher compared to private sector banks, and losses arising from NPA impact the banks’ profitability.

Practical implications: It is apparent that NPAs are a large threat to banks in India as it reflects the state of the Indian economy. The growth of the economic cycle is predominantly dependent on the smooth and profitable functioning of private and public sector banks. This current study focusses on and compares the impact of NPAs on the profitability of public and private sector banks. NPAs have grown exponentially more in the case of public sector banks than private sector banks, which has affected the former banks’ financial health and performance. Increases in the level of NPAs adversely affect the working style and long-term stability of public and private sector banks in the economy.

Social Implications: NPAs have a negative influence on the profitability of the banks as well as on the economic growth of the country too. However, it is recommended that management in the banking sector, particularly the public banks, should use various preventive and recovery strategies to reduce the risk of failure and to keep track of NPAs to stay safe.

Originality/value: This study aims to determine how NPAs in India impact the profitability of eight banks chosen from the public and private sectors; specifically: PNB, BOI, UCO Bank, PSB, HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, ICICI Bank, and Yes Bank; during the period 2009/2010 to 2017/2018.

The study aims to evaluate the financial distress position of selected sample banks in India. The top 10 banks with the highest levels of gross non-performing assets (NPA) under both public and private sector ownerships have been chosen for the study. Application of the Altman Z-score model has been used to compare both ownership banks’ financial distress for five years from 2017 to 2021. Based on the study’s findings, it was found that private sector banks demonstrated better financial stability than their public sector counterparts. Specifically, the average Z-score of the selected sample banks was higher than the safe zone threshold of 2.9 during the study period.