Prelims

Half Title Page

The Emerald Handbook of Tourism Economics and Sustainable Development

Series Title Page

Building the Future of Tourism

Series editor: Anukrati Sharma

The world is entering the Third Millennium in which great changes are expected in all areas of human interest, life, and activity. These changes have been brought on by past and present man-made events, which have had both positive and negative consequences. The coming millennium will be marked by significant social, political, demographic, and technological changes and will definitely differ from the last century. The future will bring more leisure time, a higher standard of living, and a better quality of life for us all. This series examines recent and the most probable changes and gives a wide range of visionary insights, as well as operational takeaways.

Title Page

The Emerald Handbook of Tourism Economics and Sustainable Development

Edited by

Ahmed Imran Hunjra

International University of Rabat, Morocco

And

Anukrati Sharma

University of Kota, India

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Emerald Publishing, Floor 5, Northspring, 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds LS1 4DL

First edition 2024

Editorial matter and selection © 2024 Ahmed Imran Hunjra and Anukrati Sharma.

Individual chapters © 2024 The authors.

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters' suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-83753-709-9 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-83753-708-2 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-83753-710-5 (Epub)

List of Figures and Tables

About the Editors

Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Rabat Business School, International University of Rabat, Morocco. He has over 12 years of teaching experience in Finance and Quantitative Methods across a large number of universities internationally. His current area of research interest is in the domain of corporate finance, with a strong passion for topics related to the integrity and reputation of corporations, e.g., transparency, accountability, responsibility, fairness, and sustainability. He is a prolific author and has published in a broad range of highly cited international research journals, including International Review of Financial Analysis, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institution & Money, Pacific Basin Finance Journal, Global Finance Journal, Finance Research Letters, International Review of Economics & Finance, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Journal of Environmental Management, Economic Modelling, International Journal of Finance & Economics, Research in International Business & Finance, Quarterly Review of Economics & Finance, among others. He is a senior area editor of the International Journal of Emerging Markets and sits on the editorial board of several ABS & ABDC indexed journals. Recently, he won the ‘Best Researcher Award-2022’ from Rabat Business School, ‘Outstanding Reviewer Award-2021 & 2023’ by Emerald Literati, the ‘Distinguished Reviewer Award-2021’ by Virtus Interpress, ‘Best Paper Award-2022 & 2023’ by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), International Research Award and the ‘Best University Teacher Award-2020’ from PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. He has supervised 6 PhDs and over 50 MS/MPhil scholars to successful completion.

Anukrati Sharma, Head and Associate Professor of the Department of Commerce and Management at the University of Kota (A State Govt. University) in Kota, Rajasthan, India. She is the Director of the Skill Development Centre of the same University. In 2015, she received a Research Award from the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, for her project ‘Analysis of the Status of Tourism in Hadoti and Shekhawati Region/Circuit (Rajasthan): Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects’. She has been appointed as the Official Partner of the BRICS Funded Project for the years 2022–2024. Dr Sharma is a Routledge featured author. Dr Sharma is the Book Series Editor of ‘Building the Future of Tourism’ published by Emerald Publishing. UK She is also the Book Series Editor of ‘Routledge Insights in Tourism Series’, Routledge, UK. She also serves as Book Series Editor of ‘Perspectives and Anthropology in Tourism and Hospitality (PATH)’, Apple Academic Press (CRC Press a Taylor and Francis Group).

About the Contributors

Muhammad Adnan, a skilled Network Engineer at Ovex Technologies, Pakistan, boasts expertise in routing protocols like BGP and OSPF, switching with knowledge in VLANs and STP, and device familiarity with Huawei routers and Cisco Catalyst series. He is adept in both Windows and Linux operating systems and displays proficiency in network security, covering AAA levels and URL filtering. Adnan's educational background includes an MCS from Lincoln University College, Malaysia. He has garnered numerous certifications, such as CCNA and HCIA. Notably, he coauthored a paper in 2023 on digital banking.

Naema Mohammed Al Bimani holds a PhD in Business Administration with concentration in Management from the University of South Alabama, USA, in 2022. Her Master's degree is in Media Management from Curtin University of Technology, Australia, 2008. She also has a Post Diploma in Project Management Professional from Maastricht School of Management, Netherlands, 2010. She currently serves as an Assistant Professor at the University of Nizwa. She has over 20 years of experience in both industrial and academic sectors in Oman, and she served as a graduate assistant at the University of South Alabama, USA. Her research interests include entrepreneurship, strategic management, dynamic capabilities, and leadership.

Manpreet Arora, a Senior Assistant Professor of Management at the Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India, brings over 22 years of rich teaching experience. She holds academic accolades including a PhD in International Trade, an MPhil, a gold medalist, and several other academic distinctions from Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. Dr Arora's diverse research interests encompass accounting, finance, strategic management, entrepreneurship, qualitative research, and microfinance. She works on mixed methods research. Noteworthy for guiding doctoral research and delving into microfinance, entrepreneurship, behavioral finance, and corporate reporting, she has presented at numerous seminars, delivering talks on various academic subjects across multiple universities and colleges. An accomplished academic, she has an impressive publication record, having authored over 30 papers in esteemed national and international journals listed in Scopus, WOS, and Category journals, alongside contributing to 55 book chapters in publications by reputed publishers like Emerald, Routledge, CABI, Springer Nature, AAP, and more. Her commitment to management research is evident through the editing of four books. Dr Arora is not only a dedicated researcher but also an ardent advocate for women's rights, combining academia with active social work in that domain. A motivational speaker and workshop facilitator, she inspires through communication and motivation workshops. Her impactful contributions showcase a multifaceted professional excelling in academia, research, and social advocacy.

Shruti Arora is currently working as a Guest Faculty in the Department of Commerce and Management, University of Kota, Rajasthan, India. She has an experience of 14 years in the education industry. She has attended various international conferences, and her publication includes various chapters in edited books like Routledge, Emerald, Springer and research papers in national and international UGC approved and peer-reviewed journals. Dr Arora has authored one book in and two edited under Apple Academic Press, CRC and the other two edited books under Emerald. She is appointed as the BRICS Community of Practice (CoP) Researcher for promoting cross-BRICS nations' collaborations in co-authorship, co-supervision, co-examining, co-publishing in DHET and SCOPUS accredited journals, co-conferencing participation and hosting rotating BRICS workshops, seminars and guest lectures in the academic years 2023 and 2024. The term ‘Food Walk Tourism’ is included in Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing, Editor-in-Chief, Professor Dimitrios Buhalis: Bournemouth University, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, ISBN: 9781800377479, e-ISBN: 9781800377486 in 2022.

Saira Arsh is a PhD scholar in Economics at Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. Currently, she is working as a Visiting Faculty at Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. Her research interests are energy economics and environmental science.

Jahanvi Bansal is currently working as an Assistant Professor, School of Management, GSFC University, Vadodara, Gujarat (India). Her research papers have been published in reputable national and international journals. She was honored with ‘Emerald Literati Award- Highly Commendable Paper 2020’ by Emerald Publishing House, United Kingdom. Her research interests include workforce diversity, business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and SDGs.

Truong Thi Xuan Dao is the Head of the Tourism Department and a researcher at Hong Bang International University of Viet Nam. She has an MBA degree from the University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City and a PhD degree in Tourism at VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities – VNU-USSH. She has more than 10 researches in business and tourism. Her field research includes marketing, business, management, and organizational commitment.

Antony Davis is an Assistant Professor at Christ academy Institute for Advanced Studies and is currently pursuing PhD from the school of Business and Management at Christ University, Bangalore. He holds an MBA in Finance specialization from CHRIST University, Bangalore and a degree in Philosophy from Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram, Bangalore. His research interests include social innovations, financial inclusion, social entrepreneurship, and their profound impact on well-being of rural artisans and people at the bottom of the pyramid. He has twelve years of extensive experience in teaching and administrative and leadership roles in various educational institutions, he specializes in courses on Entrepreneurship and Skill Development. And actively engages with artisans by conducting orientation sessions on skill development in collaboration with the Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts in India, contributing significantly to empowering and uplifting these communities. Presented impactful papers on Social Entrepreneurship Models at National Law University, Gujarat, and Humanistic Management at IIM, Nagpur. He also holds a patent in product design in the domain of psychological wellbeing.

M. Bina Celine Dorathy is a Professor at Alliance University, Bangalore. Holding a PhD in Commerce from the University of Madras and an MCom from Madras Christian College, her expertise lies in foreign trade. Additionally, she has earned an MBA in Shipping and Logistics, enriching her insights into maritime affairs. With a teaching tenure exceeding 25 years, including a significant stint at a Maritime University, she has mentored students in international business and shipping intricacies. Dr Dorathy is an avid researcher, contributing prolifically to shipping and logistics, finance and international business literature. Her commitment extends to supervising PhD scholars and spearheading entrepreneurial initiatives, fostering a holistic educational experience for her students.

David T. Easow is a Professor and the Deputy Director – International Affairs, in Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai. He has Cross-Functional Experience and Cross-Industry Expertise in Cross-Cultural Environment Senior Cross-functional management executive with strong domestic and international experience in diverse industries and business management institutions. Ambitious, innovative, result-oriented, strategically focused, influential strategist with exceptional team-based leadership skills. Proven record of accomplishment in planning, building, and managing high-profile businesses and institutions from concept to completion.

Yuzine Esa is affiliated with the Department of Aquaculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. He is currently providing services as Deputy Dean of Office [Development, Industry, and Community Relations] and has authored and coauthored multiple peer-reviewed scientific papers and presented works at many national and international conferences. His contributions have acclaimed recognition from honorable subject experts worldwide. He is actively associated with different societies and academies. His academic career is decorated with several reputed awards and funding. Her research interests include genetic and fish reproduction.

Sanjeev Gupta is presently the Dean of School of Commerce and Management. He had more than 60 publications in his credit in journals of repute. He has expertise in Data Science, Applied Forecasting, FinTech, and Financial Econometrics. He works on mixed methods research and currently deals with decentralized finance. He has widely traveled in India and abroad. He is a life member of various academic and professional bodies. He has strong administrative and career guidance skills. He has contributed a lot in terms of guest lectures and discussions in institutes of higher education on research and academics.

Suziana Hassan is a Senior Lecturer in the Center of Sustainable Inclusive and Development at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. She obtained her PhD from Faculty of Sciences in Copenhagen University, Denmark. Her areas of expertise are Nature Resource and Applied Economics which focus on the implementation of Choice Experiment Method for Economic Modelling. Her current fields of interest are economics valuation of ecotourism, natural resources, and biodiversity conservation. Her contributions include scientific publications, supervision, and teaching of the same discipline. She has supervised PhD and Master Science students of related fields.

Mohamad Syahrul Nizam Ibrahim is a Senior Lecturer from the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. He is an expert in biodiversity and natural resource conservation. He has authored articles on Langkawi UNESCO Global Geopark and UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Gunung Mulu National Park, Malaysia. His research interests span environmental sociology, economics, community psychology, biodiversity, tourism, and protected areas. Notably, he serves as a peer reviewer for several reputable journals, including the Journal for Nature Conservation, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Cogent Food and Agriculture, and more. He is an active member of esteemed organizations like the Asian Association of Environmental Economics, Southeast Asia Research Academy, and others. Furthermore, he has actively participated in research collaborations with Sarawak Forestry Corporation and Sarawak Tourism Board, focusing on tourism and forestry. In addition to his early career, he was trained by the Academy Sciences of Malaysia through series of workshops via Chrysalis Award 2022.

Shazali Johari, a distinguished Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Forestry and Environment at Universiti Putra Malaysia, holds a PhD from the same institution in the field of nature tourism. His areas of expertise encompass recreation programming, sustainable indigenous tourism, community-based tourism, outdoor recreation, and social entrepreneurship. Beyond academia, he has also made a significant impact as the principal assistant secretary of the Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture in Sarawak. Dr Johari's multifaceted career extends to mentoring students and guiding research projects in these domains, nurturing future professionals with a profound understanding of tourism. His contributions bridge the gap between theory and practice, making him a respected figure in the field, with a lasting influence on the development of sustainable and responsible tourism practices.

Narentheren Kaliappen is an Associate Professor of International Business at School of International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia. He has published in WoS/Scopus journals from Emerald, Inderscience, and Sage, focusing on strategic management and business administration. He is the author of ‘Match Your Strategies for Brilliant Performance’ and ‘Strategy Execution for Performance Excellence’. He has earned accolades, including the Distinguished Doctoral Dissertation Award, Best Paper Awards, and the 2016 Emerald Literati Award for Excellence.

K.Lakshmypriya holds a doctoral degree in Management on the research area work–life balance of women entrepreneurs. 20 years of teaching experience in UG and PG programs. Certified entrepreneurship educator from Stanford technological ventures and NEN. Underwent Faculty training in entrepreneurship from EDII, Ahmadabad. MDP in Design Thinking from XIME, MOOC course on Agile meets design thinking. Curated courses on Innovation and Entrepreneurship for students. Presented a paper on social entrepreneurship at IIM Trichy, INDAM conference, 2020 Consultant at SHG and women empowerment program at KRRA, Trivandrum, Kerala, 2016–2017. She has 31 publications in the domain of entrepreneurship and HRM. Ms Lakshmipriya is currently doing a university funded project on understanding succession planning and financial models and its impact on organizational sustainability of nonprofit organizations and has been involved in consultancy projects with start-ups.

Mustafa Malik received his PhD degree in Commerce (Tourism Management) from Aligarh Muslim University (India) in 2004 and his Master's degree in Tourism Administration (MTA) from Aligarh Muslim University in 2001. He also Qualified UGC-NET examination in Tourism Management in 2004. He is two times recipient of the University Medal from Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) for securing first position in BSC (Hon's) 1999 and in MTA 2001. Dr Malik is presently an Assistant Professor of Management, Assistant Dean for Undergraduate Studies, and Quality Management Officer in the College of Economics, Management and Information Systems, University of Nizwa, Oman. He has over 15 years of experience in teaching, research, and academic administration. His research interests include tourism and community development, sustainability, organizational leadership, and quality management in higher education. He has published in several international journals and completed three TRC-funded research projects.

Diana Oliveira Marques holds a Master in Marketing from the Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave (IPCA), Barcelos, Portugal. Diana holds a Bachelor's degree in Tourism from Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo (IPVC, Portugal). She strives to unravel the intricacies of marketing strategies in the context of the tourism industry and is committed to exploring innovative approaches that bridge the gap between marketing theory and the practical nuances of the tourism sector. Research areas: relational marketing, strategy, management, and health marketing.

Amit Mittal has over two decades of domestic and international experience in academic leadership, teaching, research, consulting, training, and mentorship. At Chitkara University, his current mandate is to manage and coordinate the PhD programs, research publications, and international/domestic research collaborations. Seventeen scholars have been awarded PhD degrees under his guidance, and he has published over 100 Scopus/SSCI indexed papers with a number of these included in the ABDC/ABS journal list. He was the recipient of the Career 360 ‘Outstanding Faculty Researcher Award’ 2023, the Chitkara University Excellence award 2023 (Publications in Business School Category), 2021 (February) for highest cited author and publications with highest h-index (Business School category). He is an active resource person for FDPs, MDPs, and Corporate Trainings. He is a member of the thesis review board of a number of universities. He presently reviews for reputable journals such as Technological Forecasting and Social Change (Elsevier), Public Health (Elsevier), Benchmarking (Emerald), Technology Analysis and Strategic Management (Taylor and Francis), International Journal of Consumer Studies (Wiley), Journal of Public Affairs (Wiley), Routledge Studies in Global Student Mobility, International Journal of Emerging Markets (Emerald), Sustainability (MDPI), Management Decision (Emerald), IIM KSMR (Sage), etc. He serves on the editorial boards of Frontiers in Psychology (SSCI/Scopus indexed), Open Psychology Journal (Scopus indexed), Proceedings on Engineering Sciences (Scopus indexed), and Research on Enterprise in Modern Economy (Gdańsk Univeristy of Technology, Poland). He is currently guest editing a special issue in the International Journal of Information Management Data Insights (Elsevier).

Ravi Kant Modi is presently working as a Professor and Dean, Nirwan University Jaipur. He is a distinguished faculty member bringing with him an extensive 13 years of teaching experience. His contribution in research solidifies his position as a highly accomplished researcher and scholar. Dr Modi is an active member of several professional bodies, staying connected with the latest developments in his field. He has organized numerous online and offline conferences, seminars, FDP, workshops as Conference Secretary, showcasing his commitment to advancing knowledge and fostering intellectual exchange. As an author, Dr Modi has contributed to the academic community through his textbooks and edited books. Moreover, he has published over 40 papers in renowned national and international journals, including notable Scopus journals. His expertise in research is further exemplified by his position as an editorial board member for reputable journals. Dr Modi is an avid participant in academic conferences and seminars, having attended more than 50 events where he has presented his research. His comprehensive knowledge and rich academic background make him an invaluable and a dedicated mentor to the students.

Rozihan Mohamed is affiliated with the Department of Aquaculture, University Putra Malaysia. Dr Rozihan Mohamed has received a BSc degree from UPM in Fisheries Sciences, an MS from UPM in Biotechnology, and a PhD from UKM in Zoology. Dr Rozihan Mohamed is currently providing services as a Lecturer. Dr Rozihan Mohamed has published numerous publications in national and international peer-reviewed journals and presented scientific papers worldwide. Because of his active association with different societies and academies and his contributions, Dr Rozihan Mohamed has been recognized by subject experts around the world. Various reputed awards appreciate Dr Rozihan Mohamed's contributions. Dr Rozihan Mohamed's clinical and scientific research interests include fish population genetics.

Mohd Hairul Mohd Salleh, a Graduate Research Fellowship holder, started his PhD in Genetics in 2019 and graduated in 2024 at Universiti Putra Malaysia. He was born in Johor Bahru, Johor, on May 14, 1983. He received a Bachelor's degree in environmental biology from Universiti Sains Malaysia and a Master's degree in conservation biology from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. He has about 19 years of working experience. Recently, he has published 20 articles with 121 citations, and his h-index is 5 (Google Scholar). From a biological standpoint, he is interested in turtle, tortoise, and penguin studies. Keep in touch with Hairul via the web: ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohd-Hairul-Mohd-Salleh

Samia Nasreen is an Associate Professor at Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. Her research interests focus on various issues concerning macroeconomy, environment, growth, and development. Her research has featured in journals such as International Journal of Finance and Economics, International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Energy Economics, Empirical Economics, Computational Economics, and many others.

Xuan-Hoa Nghiem received his PhD in Economics from School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, College of Business, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia. He is currently a Lecturer in Economics at the International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam. His research interests include macroeconomics, monetary policy, international economics, environmental economics, and energy economics. He has published various Scopus-indexed journals such as Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Renewable Energy, Finance Research Letters, Utilities Policy, Economic Analysis and Policy, Management of Environmental Quality, Journal of Environmental Management, etc. He also acts as a reviewer for various journals such as Finance Research Letters, Heliyon, Economic Change and Restructuring, Journal of Asia Pacific Economy, International Journal of Manpower, and Journal of International Economics and Management (JIEM). Before that, he used to work as a Lecturer at Foreign Trade University, Hanoi, Vietnam; in the banking sector, as a Researcher at Deposit Insurance of Vietnam (DIV) – a Bank Regulator and as a Risk Management Officer at PVcomBank – a commercial bank in Vietnam.

Phuong Mai Nguyen is an Associate Professor at the International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Her main research interests include sustainable development, consumer behaviors, corporate governance, and entrepreneurship. She obtained her MBA from National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences in Taiwan. In addition, she gained her PhD in Business Administration from University of Economics and Business, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, and a postdoctoral fellowship at Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea.

Thi Kim Duyen Nguyen is a Lecturer at the International School – Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU-IS). She holds a Bachelor's degree in international business and a Master of Business Administration (MBA), demonstrating her commitment to academic excellence and leadership in the business world. In her career as an educator, Ms Duyen has focused primarily on a diverse range of subjects, including international business, management, tourism, marketing, and e-commerce. Her research interests align closely with her teaching areas. In the field of tourism, Ms Duyen is particularly interested in how global events and market trends influence consumer preferences and the overall industry landscape.

Thu Giang Nguyen is currently a PhD candidate in Agricultural and Resources Economics at Kangwon National Univeristy (Korea). She has obtained a Master’s Degree in Development Economics from Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University (France).

Jackie Lei Tin Ong is an experienced Tourism and Hospitality Consultant and an educator. She has lectured in her expertise for universities, government, and United Nations agencies with deep dedication in nurturing the next generation of leaders in tourism and hospitality industry in enhancing the quality and sustainability of this dynamic sector. She is currently a Senior Lecturer in the RMIT University based in Vietnam. Her professional expertise focuses on managing sustainability in the tourism and hospitality sector in the Asia Pacific region. Her skills extend across various domains including community-based tourism, coastal tourism development, urban tourism planning, corporate social responsibility, policy analysis, and cultural heritage tourism. Strong program and project management professional, Dr Ong graduated with a doctorate in Sustainable Development Planning from the University of Queensland, a Master’s degree in Urban Planning from the University of Melbourne, and a Bachelor’s degree from the National University of Singapore.

Ana Teresa Pedreiro holds a PhD in Public Health from the National School of Public Health of the Nova University Lisbon. She is the author and coauthor of several papers, and her research interests include health promotion, health management, health marketing, and public health. She is a researcher at the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing.

Huong Trang Pham is a Lecturer at the Business School, RMIT University Vietnam. She holds a doctoral degree in Tourism from Vietnam National University Hanoi, a Diploma in Tourism Management in Austria, and two MBA degrees from the University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Germany, with distinction. She got Austrian and German scholarships for her studies. Her primary areas of teaching and research encompass international strategic management, sustainable tourism, destination marketing, and tourism management. Dr Trang consistently engages with individuals possessing significant expertise and experience across diverse backgrounds.

Aishwarya Singh Raikwar is currently working as an Assistant Manager in the Vibrant Village Programme (VVP) Cell of the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. She is a TEDx Speaker and a recipient of the ‘Young Researcher Award’ at the Asian Tourism Research Conference held at Christ University, Bangalore. She is also a UGC-NET qualified candidate and a certified Tourism Professional. Her research interests include blue economy and maritime tourism in the context of changing global order and diplomacy in the Indo-Pacific region. She is passionate about oceans and wants to work on some of the biggest challenges of our times: Climate Change, Maritime Security, Sustainable Development Goals, and Geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific region. A traveler with a strong academic background, a diplomatic, personable, highly organized, and self-motivated person with a maritime vision. She aspires to contribute to the field of research and wishes to positively impact people's lives with her work.

Sandhya H. is an Assistant Professor at Christ (Deemed University) Bangalore and is currently pursuing PhD from the school of Business and Management at Christ University, Bangalore. has successfully completed her MPhil in Tourism and Master’s in Tourism Administration (MTA) from Christ University Bangalore, India, by securing first rank. She has industry experience of one year having worked with one of the leading multinational tour operations companies, Kuoni SOTC, Bangalore, and teaching experience of over 7 years in various colleges and institutions in Kerala. She has worked as a Research Associate of the Major Research Project on Strategic Intervention of Destination Management Organizations – State of Karnataka. Her research interests include Tourism Marketing, Destination Management, Smart Tourism, and Destination Branding.

Parag Shukla is an Assistant Professor in Commerce at Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India, specializing in Marketing Management. He earned his Bachelor's and Master's degrees from the same university, focusing on Marketing Management. Dr Shukla's research centers on retailing, and he has a background in content analysis within the television and media research industry. He teaches management courses at various levels and has published extensively in national and international journals and conferences. His current research project is titled ‘An Empirical Investigation of Experiential Value vis-a-vis Usage Attitude of Selected Mobile Shoppers in Gujarat’. Dr Shukla is notable for receiving the Silver Medal at the 68th International All India Commerce Conference for his research, earning the Best Business Academic of the Year Award, a significant recognition in Indian Education and Retail Industry.

Bruno Barbosa Sousa, PhD, is a Professor in Polytechnic Institute of Cavado and Ave (IPCA, Portugal) Head of Master Program – Tourism Management and Head of Master Program Tourism Marketing (IPCA, Portugal). PhD Marketing and Strategy (University of Minho, Portugal). He is the author and coauthor of several papers, and his research interests include tourism management, marketing, and strategy. Editorial board member of several peer-reviewed scientific journals and ad hoc reviewer of several peer-reviewed scientific journals. Member of the scientific committee of several national and international congresses and conferences. He has published in the Journal of Enterprising Communities, Tourism Management Perspectives, Current Issues in Tourism, Journal of Organizational Change Management, World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, Wine Economics and Policy, among others.

Fathimah Nachia Syed completed her Master of Science in International Business at the Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government (GSGSG), Universiti Utara Malaysia. The title of her project paper was ‘The Effects of Muslim Tourist Perceived Values Towards Muslim Tourist Satisfaction in Langkawi’. Her research interests include cross-cultural management and selected issues in international business. Ms Fathimah has experience working in the corporate sector and has also published book chapters.

Pankaj Kumar Tripathi is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Accounting and Financial Management, Faculty of Commerce, the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara. He has vast experience in academics, worked in different states of India adding varied multicultural experience to his career. He holds a PhD in Finance and Accounting. His areas of expertise include financial accounting, financial economics, business economics, and business administration. He has published various papers in national and international journals.

Bindi Varghese is currently affiliated with CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, as an Associate Professor in the tourism department. With 20 years of experience instructing undergraduate and graduate students, Bindi Varghese holds a doctorate in Commerce specialized in Tourism Management. She is also the campus research coordinator and associate editor of ATNA, Journal of Tourism Studies which is a UGC peer-reviewed journal. Along with her academic expertise, she is closely associated with several NGOs working in the field of Tourism livelihood. Dr Bindi has completed a major research project on Strategic Intervention of Destination Management Organizations for the State of Karnataka. She has authored and edited books in the area of tourism and destination management, and her active researches undertaken include: Impact Assessment Studies, Medical Tourism, Destination Management Organization, and Ecological Studies. Currently, she is undergoing two funded projects under CHRIST university.

Amirah Sariyati Mohd Yahya is a PhD candidate in the Department of Geography Universiti Malaya. Her research focuses on e-waste, and she already published her findings in both local and international publications together with both her supervisors Dr Tengku Adeline Adura Tengku Hamzah and Associate Professor Dr Aziz Shafie. Her research focuses on the Malaysian public's knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding e-waste. She graduated with a Bachelor of Science (Geography) from Universiti Malaya in 2016 and a Master of Environment from Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2018.

Kashifa Yasmeen holds a PhD in Psychology and serves as an Assistant Professor at the University of Sahiwal. Her expertise lies in organizational psychology and personality development. An active researcher, she has published many academic papers. She has played the role of a reviewer for numerous publications and is a member of various committees within the University of Sahiwal. Additionally, she has a 5-year tenure as a practicing psychologist.

Kausar Yasmeen is an esteemed academic currently serving as an Assistant Professor at the University of Nizwa since 2017. Previously, she was the Head of the Department at Preston University, Kohat, Pakistan, and a Lecturer at University Utara Malaysia. She boasts an extensive publication record on topics like economic happiness, entrepreneurship, and microfinance. She has authored a book, a book chapter, completed two research projects, and received awards for her contributions.

Do Hai Yen got a PhD in Cultural Studies at Hanoi University of Culture, Viet Nam. She graduated with a BA and an MA degree in Tourism Studies at Hanoi National University, Vietnam. She also has more than 15 years of working experience in tourism businesses in different positions in travel agencies and 16 years of working experience in the field of teaching tourism in Vietnam, in the positions of tour guide tour program operator, and salesman. She is currently a Lecturer at the Faculty of Tourism, East Asia University of Technology, Hanoi. Fields and research interests are sustainable tourism development, tourism culture, culture tourism, and tourism studies.

Rosmiza Mohd Zainol is a Senior Lecturer at the Geography Programme, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). She graduated in Master in Geography from UKM. She completed her PhD in Agricultural Geography from the same university. Her research interest area includes the agricultural geography, small farmers and agripreneur development, crop residue management, community development, and sustainable agriculture development. At the national level, her research group has worked closely with government agencies such as the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industries, Muda Agricultural Development Authorities, and other agencies to evaluate socioeconomic program outcomes and impact studies of agriculture development.

Preface

The Emerald Handbook of Tourism Economics and Sustainable Development is a meticulous effort of many minds. Before finalizing the topic of the book, the editors conducted a lot of research. We received constant support from Emerald Publishing's team during the whole process, and the contributors were very committed. The face of the tourism industry is vastly changed. Tourism economics is experiencing several unpredictable changes around the world, especially after COVID. Chapters have been thoroughly organized and revised, yet greatly edited to emphasize the key points. There are several specialization chapters in the handbook, including Bridging the Nexus: A Comprehensive Review of Tourism, Technology, and Climate Change – Uncharted Territories and Future Avenues, Green Horizon, Qualitative Insights into Harvesting Sustainability: The Role of Organic Agriculture in Advancing Sustainable Development Goals, Chapter on Agrotourism, Chapter on Transshipment Troubles, Challenges and Socio-economic Impacts of Proposed Road Development to Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia: A Case Study of Local Community Perspectives in Sustainable Tourism, The Role of ICT and Infrastructure in Tourism Development: New Evidence from Asian Economies, The Tourism-Climate Nexus, Tourists' Behavior Post-Covid 19: Do Education, Perceived Knowledge and Perceived Risk Matter? Branding India as a Sustainable Blue Economy Destination in the Indian Ocean Region, Fostering Resilience through Travel: Prioritizing Well-being, Accessibility, and Sustainability, The Importance of Relational Marketing in Health and Wellness Tourism: Study applied to the Euroregion Northern of Portugal and Galicia, The Economics of Market and Inclusive growth in tourism: A Narrative of Rural artisans' Socio-economic Well-being, Halal Tourism as a New Strategy for Sustainable Tourism Economic Contribution and Employment Opportunities of Tourism and Hospitality Sectors, Revenge or Renewal? Nexus of Revenge Tourism, Boomerang Effect, and Sustainable Development Goals, Revitalization and Adaptive Re-use of Heritage Buildings for Event Venue in Rajasthan: Opportunities and Challenges. Thus, this handbook serves as an indispensable guide for navigating the complex terrain of tourism economics and sustainability. Drawing upon the collective wisdom of leading experts in the field, this book offers a comprehensive framework to drive sustainable development, making it a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners. Within the pages of this handbook, you will discover an invaluable resource for those seeking a deeper understanding of tourism economics and its pivotal roles in forging a path toward sustainable development. We wish you all a happy reading.

Editors

Ahmed Imran Hunjra

Rabat Business School, International University of Rabat, Morocco

Anukrati Sharma

Department of Commerce & Management, University of Kota, India