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Expert briefing
Publication date: 15 July 2019

Sanctions are triggered under the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) by Turkey’s acquisition of two Russian S-400 air defence systems. Russia began…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 9 March 2022

Georgia's evolving position on the conflict has been confused: a refusal to support sanctions followed by a sudden application for EU membership. Armenia's moral qualms are…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 28 February 2022

Simultaneous presidential and parliamentary elections are due by mid-2023 at the latest. Opinion polls suggest that support for Erdogan and his Justice and Development Party are…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 16 January 2019

Russia is contending with the West for influence in Serbia, a candidate for EU membership. For Belgrade, integration with the EU is economically advantageous but like several…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 11 May 2015

Azerbaijan's rising profile in South-eastern Europe, both as hydrocarbons supplier and source of investment.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 12 February 2016

It claims an additional 1.2 million square kilometres of seabed below the North Pole ice cap under Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). If…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 20 July 2016

Russia's contacts with Balkans political parties.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 26 March 2018

A merger with Romania is unrealistic but is a subset of a broader pro-European agenda supported by the Democratic Party-led coalition government and bitterly opposed by President…

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