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The goals of this review are to identify key theories, constructs and themes in the international business travel (IBT) literature and to propose a model based on findings, theories and constructs drawn from adjacent research literature.

The authors reviewed the business travel (BT) literature to identify conceptual and empirical articles on IBT published from 1990 to 2022. Only 53 publications were suitable for review. The authors reviewed them using an open coding system.

The IBT literature is dispersed across several disciplines that use different methods, focus on different aspects of travel and emphasize different positive and negative outcomes that IBT engenders. The publications employed a diverse range of methods, including review and conceptual (11), quantitative (28) and qualitative methods (14). The samples were diverse in country, age, marital status and tenure. Many publications were descriptive and exploratory. The few that based their research on theory focused on two stress theories: Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory and conservation of resources (COR) theory.

Experimental and longitudinal designs are needed to reduce the causal ambiguity of this body of mostly correlational and cross-sectional research. The authors discuss the impact of emerging advances in virtual global communication technology on the future of IBT.

More research is needed on positive aspects of IBT. Human resource (HR) people should be aware of these issues and are encouraged to decrease the deleterious aspects of the international trips and increase the positive ones.

Increasing well-being of international business travelers is important for the travelers, their families and the organization.

This is the first IBT review focused on the theoretical underpinnings of research in the field. The authors offer a model for IBT and introduce adjustment and performance as important constructs in IBT research. The authors encompass crossover theory to add the reciprocal impact of travelers and spouses and label IBT a “double-edge sword” because it arouses both positive and negative outcomes.

This study investigates how virtual reality (VR) travel attributes (e.g. sense and quality of information) influence spectators' flow experience, how emotion and past experience affect enjoyment and examines the impact of flow experience and enjoyment on satisfaction and booking or visiting intention.

The VR tour stimuli were fabricated using scenic views from the National Aquarium in the USA. Participants were equipped with Matterport VR and audio headsets and started their virtual travel. Once the participants completed their VR tours, they were asked to complete the questionnaire. Using the stimulus-organism-response theory, 303 valid responses were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

The results showed that the sense and quality of information in VR travel positively and significantly impacted the flow experience. Moreover, emotions and past experiences positively and significantly influenced the enjoyment of VR travel. Similarly, flow experience and enjoyment positively and significantly affect satisfaction. However, satisfaction with VR-related tourism experiences negatively affects users' bookings and visiting intentions.

This study concludes that, from Thai tourists' perspectives, virtual travel should be used as a solution only during the pandemic because, in the long term it can cause a loss to the business chain in the tourism industry.

To the best of the authors' knowledge, no prior research has examined the influence of past experiences and emotions on satisfaction with VR travel.

The distinct characteristics of slow tourism compared to mass tourism determine the differences between slow travelers and mass travelers. This transformation is essential for potential tourists to transition into slow travelers when promoting slow tourism to them. Can travel vlogs, a “fast” way of promoting, achieve such a “slow” transformation? To address this question, the purpose of this paper is to introduce the resonance theory and investigate the impact of resonance with slow tourism vlogs on potential travelers’ destination image and travel intention.

Through the distribution of online questionnaires on site, this study collected a total of 349 valid questionnaires. Subsequently, the researcher used partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.

The research findings indicate that cognitive resonance only positively affected cognitive image, while emotional resonance was positively associated with both cognitive image and affective image. In addition, it was observed that cognitive image and affective image played a positive mediating role between resonance with slow tourism vlogs and travel intention.

This research is pioneering in quantitatively validating the structure linking resonance, destination image and travel intention in the context of slow tourism. By validating the second-order structure of cognitive and emotional resonance, this study underscores the crucial role of resonance in shaping tourists’ transition toward a slow mindset in slow tourism.

Institutional theory assumes practice adoption and subsequent decoupling. However, there is a range of alternative organizational theories that challenge this view and offer instead their reinterpretation, extension and modification of institutional predictions with regard to the adoption and possible range of various responses and processes that follow the decision to adopt. This paper aims to review this spectrum of theories and suggest how they clarify, supplement, correct, restrict and/or abandon some institutional explanations and predictions.

Extensions and alternatives to institutional theory are mainly motivated by the need to have a theory of practice adoption and variation, and a plethora of alternative practice adoption theories currently exists in the literature. The authors review these theories and compare them against institutional theory and against each other.

The analysis revealed shortcomings and advantages of alternative theories compared to institutional theory and against each other. It is suggested which theory is most useful in each domain of application. The authors review and compare institutional theory, Scandinavian institutionalism, management fashion theory, virus theory and institutional inertia theory and analyze how and whether they are able to reproduce the success of institutional theory and successfully address and resolve its shortcomings and gaps. The authors conclude by discussing whether regular emergences of new theories that account for the idea-handling stage of diffusion signals institutional theory’s limit of validity in this domain.

The problem of idea emergence/diffusion/disappearance and adoption/variation/use are fundamentally different, but both of them motivated researchers to go beyond institutional theory. Despite being the dominant theory of organizations internally consistent and explaining a wide range of empirical observations, it is evident that institutional theory is not a complete theory. This paper contributes to this problem by exploring and comparing existing candidates for practice variation theory.

This study aims to address the need for robust conceptual foundations in the digital nomadism discourse through a systematic literature review (SLR). It delves into digital nomadism within sustainable tourism, providing valuable insights to foster community development.

This study uses a rigorous eight-step process that combines an SLR and a system dynamics approach. In the SLR phase, the authors use the theory, context, characteristics and methodology framework to identify key variables for a dynamic model of sustainable tourism through digital nomadism, following detailed search and selection criteria based on PRISMA guidelines. The second phase uses causal loop diagrams (CLDs) from the literature review to visualize relationships and inform future research directions. The CLD model is validated through literature-based and stakeholder interaction processes, focusing on the social, economic and environmental dimensions, resulting in the development of a robust conceptual model.

This study identified 28 theories, including agency–structure theory, travel career ladder theory, stakeholder theory and grounded theory, among others. Semi-structured interviews were the primary research method. Major themes explored encompass community interactions, work lifestyles, cultural aspects, financial considerations, infrastructure and policy. The proposed conceptual model aims to scrutinize relationships across economic, environmental and social dimensions, providing a foundation for investigating and promoting sustainable tourism.

Policy implications involve refining taxation policies to maintain tax bases, promoting collaborative economic models and enforcing environmental regulations. Additionally, integrating community planning infrastructure and implementing demographic strategies to manage potential population shifts are crucial. Policies supporting education, skill transfer, health and well-being initiatives contribute significantly to fostering sustainable tourism practices and enhancing community vitality.

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is the first in the digital nomadism space to propose a conceptual model for sustainable tourism adoption.

本研究通过系统的文献综述解决了数字游牧话语中对坚实概念基础的需求。它深入研究了可持续旅游业中的数字游牧主义, 为促进社区发展提供了宝贵的见解。

本研究采用严格的八步流程, 结合了系统文献综述（SLR）和系统动力学方法。在 SLR 阶段, 我们利用 TCCM 框架, 遵循基于 PRISMA 指南的详细搜索和选择标准, 通过数字游牧主义确定可持续旅游业动态模型的关键变量。第二阶段利用文献综述中的因果循环图（CLD）来可视化关系并为未来的研究方向提供信息。 CLD 模型通过基于文献和利益相关者互动过程进行验证, 重点关注社会、经济和环境维度, 从而开发出稳健的概念模型。

本研究确定了 28 种理论, 包括代理结构理论、旅游职业阶梯理论、利益相关者理论和扎根理论等。半结构化访谈是主要的研究方法。探讨的主要主题包括社区互动、工作生活方式、文化方面、财务考虑、基础设施和政策。提出的概念模型旨在审查经济、环境和社会维度之间的关系, 为调查和促进可持续旅游业提供基础。

政策影响包括完善税收政策以维持税基、促进协作经济模式以及执行环境法规。此外, 整合社区规划基础设施和实施人口战略以管理潜在的人口变化也至关重要。支持教育、技能转让、健康和福祉举措的政策对促进可持续旅游实践和增强社区活力做出了重大贡献。

据作者所知, 这项研究是数字游牧领域第一个提出可持续旅游业概念模型的研究。

Este estudio aborda la necesidad de fundamentos conceptuales sólidos en el discurso del nomadismo digital, mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Profundiza en el nomadismo digital dentro del turismo sostenible, proporcionando un conocimiento valioso para fomentar el desarrollo comunitario.

Este estudio emplea un riguroso proceso de ocho pasos que combina una revisión sistemática de la literatura (SLR) y un enfoque de dinámica de sistemas. En la fase SLR, utilizamos el marco Teoría-Contexto-Características-Metodología (TCCM) para identificar variables clave para un modelo dinámico de turismo sostenible a través del nomadismo digital, siguiendo criterios detallados de búsqueda y selección basados en las directrices del método de elementos de notificación preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis (PRISMA). La segunda fase utiliza diagramas de bucles causales (CLD) a partir de la revisión de la literatura para visualizar las relaciones e informar sobre futuras direcciones de investigación. El modelo CLD se valida mediante procesos basados en la literatura y en la interacción con las partes interesadas, centrándose en las dimensiones social, económica y medioambiental, lo que da como resultado el desarrollo de un modelo conceptual sólido.

Este estudio identificó 28 teorías, entre ellas la teoría de la estructura de agencia, la teoría de la carrera profesional en los viajes, la teoría de las partes interesadas y la teoría fundamentada. Las entrevistas semiestructuradas fueron el método de investigación primordial. Los principales temas explorados abarcan las interacciones comunitarias, los estilos de vida laborales, los aspectos culturales, las consideraciones financieras, la infraestructura y la política. El modelo conceptual propuesto tiene como objetivo examinar las relaciones entre las dimensiones económica, medioambiental y social, proporcionando una base para investigar y promover el turismo sostenible.

Las implicaciones políticas conllevan el perfeccionamiento de las políticas fiscales para mantener las bases impositivas, el fomento de modelos económicos colaborativos y el cumplimiento de la normativa medioambiental. Además, es fundamental integrar la infraestructura de planificación comunitaria y aplicar estrategias demográficas para gestionar los posibles cambios en la población. Las políticas de apoyo a las iniciativas de educación, transferencia de habilidades, salud y bienestar contribuyen significativamente a fomentar prácticas de turismo sostenible y a mejorar la vitalidad de la comunidad.

Hasta donde el autor sabe, este estudio es el primero en el espacio del nomadismo digital que propone un modelo conceptual para la adopción del turismo sostenible.

This study aims to evaluate the key factors affecting the behavioural intention of urban tourists towards visiting national parks by integrating the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and expectancy theory (ET).

Data were collected from urban tourists using an online questionnaire developed through Google forms. A total of 489 valid online questionnaires were considered for this study. The proposed research model was empirically evaluated using the structural equation modelling method.

According to the results of this research, TPB constructs are significantly and positively associated with the behavioural intention of urban tourists towards visiting national parks in India and out of ET constructs, only expectancy and valence are significantly and positively associated with behavioural intention while instrumentality does not.

This study manifests the behaviour of urban tourists towards national parks and contributes to academics by incorporating existing literature. The findings of this study also help policymakers in formulating innovative strategies for national parks. It presents an integrated framework that lays the platform for a new study domain on urban tourists' intentions to visit national parks, which will be useful to urban managers, officials and the tourism sector. Furthermore, as the scope of this study is confined to assessing the intentions of urban tourists toward visiting national parks, it is difficult to generalize the findings.

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first research of its kind to provide an understanding of the behavioural intention of urban tourists towards visiting the national parks in India by optimizing the TPB and ET.

This paper aims to fill gap in the literature and explore policy options for resolving the problems of accountability by framing three research questions. The research questions are (i) whether certain elements of Scott’s (2014) institutional pillars attenuate (accentuate) corporate and public accountability; (ii) whether the presence of ruling party-affiliated enterprises (RPAEs) create an increase (decrease) in the degree of corporate (public) accountability; and (iii) whether there is a particular form of ownership change that transforms RPAEs into public investment companies.

Using a qualitative research methodology that involves term frequency and thematic analysis of publicly available textual information, the paper examines Mechkova et al.’s (2019 forms of government accountability. The paper analyzes the gaps between the de jure and de facto accountability using the institutional pillars framework.

The findings of the paper are three. First, there are gaps between de jure and de facto in all three (vertical, horizontal and diagonal) forms of government (public) accountability. Second, the study finds that more than three fourth of the parties that contested the June 2021 election did have regional focus. They did not advocate for accountability. Third, Ethiopia’s RPAEs are unique. They have regional focus and are characterized by severe forms of agency and information asymmetry problems.

The main limitation of the paper is its exploratory nature. Extending this research by using cross-country data could provide a more complete picture of the link between corporate (public) accountability and a country’s institutional pillars.

Academic research documents that instilling modern corporate (public) governance standards in the Sub Sahara Africa (SSA) region has shown mixed results. The analysis made in this paper is likely to inform researchers and policymakers about the type of change that leads to better corporate (and public) accountability outcomes.

The institutional change proposed in the paper is likely to advance the public interest by mitigating agency and information asymmetry problems and enhancing government accountability. The changes make the enterprises investable, save scarce jobs, enhance diversity and put the assets in RPAEs to better use.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that uses the institutional pillars analytical framework to examine an SSA country's corporate (public) accountability problem. It demonstrates that accountability is a domestic and a (novel) traveling theory. The paper identifies the complexity of resolving the interlock between political institutions and business enterprises. It theorizes that it is impossible to instill modern corporate (public) accountability standards without changing regulatory, normative and cultural cognitive pillars of institutions. The paper contributes to the change management and public interest literature.

The present study investigates the customers' behavioural intention to use voice-based artificial intelligence (AI) to find the appropriate hotels and resorts in an emerging nation. This study determines the influences of information quality, system quality, privacy, and novelty value on attitude and behavioural intention to use voice-based artificial intelligence to obtain the appropriate information and find the location of the hotels and resorts.

This study used a purposive sampling method for collecting data from the respondents, who are customers of the hotels and resorts in Bangladesh. A self-administered survey questionnaire was used to obtain responses from 378 respondents. After collecting the data, the reliability and validity of the constructs and hypotheses were tested via partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

The findings of the study indicate that information quality, system quality, privacy and novelty value have a positive and significant impact on attitude and behavioural intention to use voice-based AI assistant services in an emerging nation. However, system quality does not significantly influence behavioural intention to use voice-based AI assistant but it has an indirect significant influence on behavioural intention through the mediation effect of attitude.

The study’s findings provide essential guidelines for practitioners to understand the impacts of information quality, system quality, privacy, and novelty value on attitude and behavioural intention to use voice-based artificial intelligence to find the appropriate hotels and resorts to meet customers' needs and expectations.

This study contributes to the existing literature on technology adoption by highlighting the interconnectedness of various factors influencing users' behavioural intentions. The study’s focus on an emerging nation provides a valuable theoretical contribution. It highlights that user perceptions and attitudes towards technology adoption may differ from those in developed nations due to unique contextual factors.

This study aims to explore tourism live streamers’ motivations of sharing their travel experiences based on the grounded theory.

The use of purposive and snowball sampling methods was used to conduct 22 in-depth semi-structured interviews. The manuscript was analyzed based on the grounded theory.

This study identifies five tourism live streamers’ motivations of sharing their travel experience, including information sharing, entertainment, self-presentation, monetary incentives and socialization. Information sharing and entertainment are identified as the most important motivations of travel livestreaming (TLS) among the motivations. Monetary incentive is identified as a new motivation for tourism live streamers compared to other social media users.

This study provides valuable suggestions for livestreaming platforms and tourism product providers to attract more tourism live streamers and better serve them.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to offer empirical findings and discussions on tourism live streamers’ motivations of sharing their travel experiences.

本研究旨在基于扎根理论探讨旅游直播主分享旅游体验的动机。

使用目的性和滚雪球抽样方法进行了22个深入的半结构化访谈。 本研究采用扎根理论对数据进行分析。

本研究发现了五种旅游直播主分享旅游体验的动机, 包括信息共享、娱乐、自我展示、金钱激励和社交。信息共享和娱乐被认为是旅游直播最重要的动机。与其他社交媒体的用户相比, 货币激励被认为是旅游直播的新动机。

本研究为直播平台和旅游产品提供商提供有用的建议, 以吸引更多的旅游直播者并更好地为他们服务。

这是对旅游直播主分享旅游体验的动机提供实证研究结果和讨论的首批研究之一。

este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar las motivaciones de los transmisores en vivo del turismo para compartir sus experiencias de viaje según la teoría fundamentada.

Des méthodes d'échantillonnage raisonné et boule de neige ont été utilisées pour mener 22 entrevues semi-structurées approfondies. Le manuscrit a été analysé sur la base de la théorie ancrée.

este estudio identifica las motivaciones de cinco transmisores en vivo del turismo para compartir su experiencia de viaje, incluido el intercambio de información, el entretenimiento, la autopresentación, los incentivos monetarios y la socialización. El intercambio de información y el entretenimiento se identifican como las motivaciones más importantes de la transmisión en vivo de viajes (TLS) entre las motivaciones. El incentivo monetario se identifica como una nueva motivación para el transmisor en vivo del turismo en comparación con los usuarios de otras redes sociales.

este estudio proporciona sugerencias útiles para que las plataformas de transmisión en vivo y los proveedores de productos turísticos atraigan a más transmisores turísticos en vivo y les brinden un mejor servicio.

este es uno de los primeros estudios que ofrece hallazgos empíricos y debates sobre las motivaciones de los transmisores en vivo del turismo para compartir sus experiencias de viaje.