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Book part
Publication date: 14 September 2020

Cultural Heritage Resources in National Parks in North America – The Challenge to Maintain Historic Structures and Sites in the Face of Increasing Demand and Decreasing Budgets

Fergus T. Maclaren

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The Overtourism Debate
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-487-820201013
ISBN: 978-1-83867-487-8

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Article
Publication date: 22 September 2020

Understanding systemic change in the context of the social and environmental disclosures of a conservation organisation in a developing country

Grant Samkin and Christa Wingard

This uses a framework of systemic change to understand the contextual factors including stakeholder, social, political, cultural and economic, which contribute to the…

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Purpose

This uses a framework of systemic change to understand the contextual factors including stakeholder, social, political, cultural and economic, which contribute to the social and environmental narratives of a conservation organisation that has and continues to undergo transformation.

Design/methodology/approach

The social and environmental disclosure annual report narratives for a 27-year period were coded to a framework of systemic change.

Findings

The end of apartheid in 1994 meant that South African society required transformation. This transformation impacts and drives the social and environmental accounting disclosures made by SANParks. The social and environmental disclosures coded against a framework of systemic change, fluctuated over the period of the study as the format of the annual reports changed. The systems view was the most frequently disclosed category. The political ecology subcategory which details the power relationships showed the most disclosures. However, 25 years after the end of apartheid, the transformation process remains incomplete. Although the evidence in the paper does not support Joseph and Reigelut (2010) contention that the framework of systemic change is an iterative process, it nevertheless provides a useful vehicle for analysing the rich annual report narratives of an organisation that has undergone and continues to undergo transformation.

Originality/value

This paper makes two primary contributions. First, to the limited developing country social and environmental accounting literature. Second, the development, refinement and application of a framework of systemic change to social and environmental disclosures.

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Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-05-2019-4010
ISSN: 0951-3574

Keywords

  • Systemic change
  • Transformation
  • Developing country
  • Social-ecological systems view
  • Strategic adaptive management
  • Threshold of potential change
  • South African national parks (SANParks)

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Article
Publication date: 19 March 2020

Place branding and local food souvenirs: the ethical attributes of national parks’ brands

Lucia Pizzichini, Valerio Temperini and Gian Luca Gregori

This paper aims to identify what ethical attributes tourists associate with national parks’ brands shown on food souvenir labels and the influence of such attributes on…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to identify what ethical attributes tourists associate with national parks’ brands shown on food souvenir labels and the influence of such attributes on purchase motivations.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory study was carried out involving a total of 102 Italian tourists, who were interviewed at two different souvenir shops in Italy. Respondents were first asked to describe what images and values they were associating with the visited Italian National Park. The second level of questions related to the association of food products with national parks and the purchase motivations of food products branded with the national park’s label. The ethical attributes associated with the national parks’ brands and their relevance in purchase motivations were detected and analyzed through content analysis.

Findings

The analysis of the national park brand allows highlighting the food souvenir role in communicating ethical values that influence the perceived quality of food as well as tourists’ purchase motivations. The analysis reveals interesting implications for the enhancement of local productions in tourist destinations, more specifically, how the place brand can act as a valuable communication tool. Particular attention is given to the crucial role that national parks’ brands play in strengthening the value proposition of small businesses located within parks. This vision must be implemented from the perspective of mutual promotion of local food and tourism in these parks.

Originality/value

The results of this paper contributed to the literature by filling the gap regarding the role of place brands in promoting food souvenirs.

Details

Journal of Place Management and Development, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-06-2019-0043
ISSN: 1753-8335

Keywords

  • Place brand
  • National parks
  • Ethical attributes
  • Food souvenirs

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1992

America's National Parklands: An annotated bibliography

Eva Lautemann

The Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound in Alaska; the battle over future oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska; oil spills in the Gulf…

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The Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound in Alaska; the battle over future oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska; oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico near Galveston, Texas; medical waste pollution on the beaches of the northeast; and nuclear contamination from the Department of Energy and Department of Defense facilities have all demonstrated how endangered and fragile America's remaining natural places have become. These ecological controversies make our designated parklands even more precious and reinforce the important responsibility given to the National Park System for preserving America's natural areas.

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Reference Services Review, vol. 20 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb049154
ISSN: 0090-7324

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Article
Publication date: 25 September 2019

Dark sky tourism: economic impacts on the Colorado Plateau Economy, USA

David Mitchell and Terrel Gallaway

This paper aims to examine the economic impact from dark-sky tourism in national parks in the USA on the Colorado Plateau. The Colorado Plateau is a region encompassing…

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Purpose

This paper aims to examine the economic impact from dark-sky tourism in national parks in the USA on the Colorado Plateau. The Colorado Plateau is a region encompassing parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah that is known for its dark, star-filled night skies. Tourists in national parks are increasingly interested in observing this natural recreational amenity – especially considering that it is an ecological amenity that is quickly disappearing from the planet. Using a 10-year forecast of visitors to the national parks and using standard input-output modeling, it is observed that, for the first time anywhere, the value of dark skies to tourism in this area. The authors find that non-local tourists who value dark skies will spend $5.8bn over the next 10 years in the Colorado Plateau. These tourist expenditures will generate $2.4bn in higher wages and create over 10,000 additional jobs each year for the region. Furthermore, as dark skies are even more intense natural amenity in the non-summer months, they have the ability to increase visitor counts to national parks year-round and lead to a more efficient use of local community and tourism-related resources throughout the year.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a 10-year forecast of visitors to the national parks and using standard input-output modeling, we find that non-local tourists who value dark skies will spend $5.8bn over the next 10 years in the Colorado Plateau.

Findings

These tourist expenditures will generate $2.4bn in higher wages and create over 10,000 additional jobs each year for the region. Furthermore, as dark skies are even more intense natural amenity in the non-summer months, they have the ability to increase visitor counts to national parks year-round and lead to a more efficient use of local community and tourism-related resources throughout the year.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other study has attempted to value the environmental amenity of dark skies.

Details

Tourism Review, vol. 74 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-10-2018-0146
ISSN: 1660-5373

Keywords

  • Ecotourism
  • Dark skies
  • Economic impact analysis
  • National parks
  • Light pollution
  • Colorado Plateau

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Book part
Publication date: 8 February 2021

Proposals for Sustainable Transport in Natural Areas: A Case Study of Teide National Park

Rosa Marina González, Concepción Román and Ángel Simón Marrero

The exponential growth in the number of visitors and the mass-tourism mobility patterns in natural areas are causing serious issues such as traffic congestion, crowding in…

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Abstract

The exponential growth in the number of visitors and the mass-tourism mobility patterns in natural areas are causing serious issues such as traffic congestion, crowding in car parks, pollution, high noise levels, and traffic accidents. In order to redress this situation, demand management policies that propose more sustainable transportation systems are crucial. In this chapter, the authors summarize extensive research carried out in Teide National Park (Canary Islands, Spain), the most visited national park in Spain, one of the most visited in the world, and a clear example of a natural area under pressure from mass tourism. The authors present the current situation of the natural site and three scientific contributions based on a survey combining revealed and stated preferences that analyzes visitor preferences with regard to the use of sustainable transportation systems. The first study analyzes visitors’ preferences regarding the implementation of a public bicycle-sharing system. The second study explores visitors’ willingness to pay to reduce the environmental impact of their visit and the potential implementation of a shuttle-bus service. The third study investigates the recreational economic value of the site. The chapter provides useful information for decision-makers who need to address problems associated with the unsustainable visitor mobility and reports results that can be extrapolated to other natural parks with similar characteristics and high inflow of tourists.

Details

Sustainable Transport and Tourism Destinations
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2044-994120210000013014
ISBN: 978-1-83909-128-5

Keywords

  • Revealed/stated preferences
  • discrete choice models
  • alternative transportation systems
  • national park
  • recreational value
  • Teide National Park

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Book part
Publication date: 14 October 2011

Fort Davis National Historic Site: An Indian Fort without Indians

Robert Pahre

National parks are selected as places of national importance, with national meaning. At the same time, the political process that shapes park management is often a local…

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National parks are selected as places of national importance, with national meaning. At the same time, the political process that shapes park management is often a local one. This biases park interpretation away from national concerns and toward local ones. The National Park Service's corporate interests and decision-making processes often reinforce the role of local interests except in the rare cases of congressional intervention. A close look at the political environment of Fort Davis National Historic Site, Texas, illustrates these points. Congress mandated the site to interpret westward expansion and its impact on American Indians. It became instead a program of park interpretation based on westward expansion and the role of African-American “Buffalo Soldiers” within it. As a result, Indians have effectively been written out of the story of this “Indian fort.” Interestingly, Native American issues reappear in commercial establishments, both the gift shop in the park and businesses in the town of Fort Davis outside the park. If businesses perceive a demand for information about Native Americans among tourists, presumably there is a similar, unmet demand among the same tourists as they visit the historic site. Given the role of local concerns in park interpretation, national intervention will probably be necessary to provide political support for reinterpreting the site.

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Studies in Symbolic Interaction
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0163-2396(2011)0000037003
ISBN: 978-1-78052-156-5

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1993

Sustainable tourism for Europe's protected areas: Guidelines and ways forward

Rosie Simpson

Europe's nature and national parks protect some of the most important landscapes in the world and give pleasure to millions of people every year. Their peace and quiet…

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Europe's nature and national parks protect some of the most important landscapes in the world and give pleasure to millions of people every year. Their peace and quiet, beautiful landscapes and interesting wildlife attract visitors like moths to a candle. But are so many of us visiting the parks that we are in danger of loving them to death?

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The Tourist Review, vol. 48 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058123
ISSN: 0251-3102

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 2017

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Urban Parks and Their Driving Forces in Xi'an, China from 1949 to 2015

Xuhui Wang, Kewei Liu, Kai Wang, Jian Gong, Yanjun Wang and Yajiang Fan

Urban parks play a key role in recreational activities, public health, and ecosystem services in urban areas. Using GIS and Fragstats, this study investigated the…

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Urban parks play a key role in recreational activities, public health, and ecosystem services in urban areas. Using GIS and Fragstats, this study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban parks in Xi'an, China from 1949 to 2015 and the corresponding driving forces. The results show that the number and area of parks in Xi'an increased constantly during this period, especially from 2000 to 2015. Up to 2015, small green spaces, usually adjacent to streets, occupied the largest proportion among all types of parks. Archaeological parks were the largest in total area, but wetland parks were leading in average size of a single park. The density of parks was negatively correlated with their distance to the Clock Tower at the center of Xi'an. The dynamics of urban parks in highly urbanized areas were significantly different from that of their counterparts in suburban areas. Driving forces such as urban planning, urbanization and green space policies, and milestone events in the city's development jointly had a great effect on the distribution of parks in Xi'an. The research outcomes will support the upcoming Green Space Planning of Xi'an and benefit the pursuit of sustainability and human wellbeing.

Details

Open House International, vol. 42 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-03-2017-B0023
ISSN: 0168-2601

Keywords

  • Urban parks
  • GIS
  • spatiotemporal dynamics
  • green space planning
  • Xi'an

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Book part
Publication date: 6 September 2010

Equity, influence, and access: Central Park's role in historical and contemporary urban park financing

Dorceta E. Taylor

Purpose – This chapter will examine the role of Central Park in setting in motion certain practices related to park development as well as revolutionizing park financing…

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Purpose – This chapter will examine the role of Central Park in setting in motion certain practices related to park development as well as revolutionizing park financing in the mid-nineteenth century and again in modern times. It will examine the shift from public financing of parks to the development of public–private partnerships to design, build, fund, and administer urban parks.

Design/methodology/approach – The author takes an historical approach to put contemporary park debates vis-à-vis funding and administration in context. Archival materials are used to examine park financing models all over the country.

Findings – Central Park still continues to revolutionize urban park financing. Cities are cutting back on funding for public parks; as a result, there is a greater reliance on private financing options. Not all parks are in a position to rely heavily on private financing, and this raises questions about access to open space in cities.

Originality/value – The chapter raises questions about equity in the shift toward the private financing of urban parks. It extends the environmental justice discourse to examine open space issues. It examines long-term historical trends in helping the reader understand the contemporary state of urban park financing.

Details

Environment and Social Justice: An International Perspective
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0196-1152(2010)0000018004
ISBN: 978-0-85724-183-2

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