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Mr Patrick in his paper has called for a liberal policy on the part of companies in making translations available; J shall now describe one method of combining liberality with enlightened self‐interest. Since I believe the BISITS to be the first successful one of its kind, I shall describe how it was formed and developed as well as how it works today.

Discusses the vital role of technical translation services in the process of information dissemination and technology transfer with particular reference to India. Argues that, for the most effective provision of translation services, subject specialists should be available in special libraries and documentation centres. Gives suggestions for improving translation services in India.

Multilingual user guides, manuals and thesauri, and more linguistically universal classification schemes need to be produced to help overcome the language barrier when searching for references. Such developments however would be of only limited value unless the full document can be made available in a language known to the user. In some countries centres have been founded to provide help with the identification of existing translations, these centres include the International Translation Centre. Published translations include translated books reports and journals while unpublished translations are those which are completed on an ad hoc basis. Bibliographic control is achieved by listing in abstracting/indexing journals or on bibliographic data bases. Publications including Journals in Translation for translated journals and World Transindex for ad hoc translations, can be used to trace the existence of a translation. The availability of the translated document itself varies according to the two types of translations. Published translations are reasonably accessible while ad hoc translations are scattered over many libraries and translating agencies. Libraries can help at both the stage of acquiring the reference and identifying and obtaining the documents.

This paper discusses the use of raw machine translations in an IT research and development environment. Researchers use machine translation as a drafting tool for scientific papers. The language pairs are German→ English and English→ German. The raw machine translations are produced on an experimental basis by means of the MT systems LOGOS, METAL and Globalink Power Translator Professional. The experiments are to show whether the systems are suitable for this purpose or not. Since the use of raw machine translations is considered to be crucial to the future of MT, the paper discusses success or failure of the technology against this background.

The Internet has the potential to facilitate understanding across cultures and languages by removing the physical barriers to intercultural communication. One possible contributor to this development has been the recent release of freely‐available automated direct machine translation systems, such as AltaVista with SYSTRAN, which translates from English to five other European languages (French, German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese), and vice versa. However, concerns have recently been raised over the performance of these systems, and the potential for confusion that can be created when the intended meaning of sentences is not correctly translated (i.e. semantic processing errors). In this paper, we use an iterative paradigm to examine errors associated with interlingual divergence in meaning arising from the automated machine translation of English proverbs. The need for the development of Web‐based translation systems, which have an explicit cross‐linguistic representation of meaning for successful intercultural communication, is discussed.

In his book The foreign language barrier in sciences and technology (Aslib, 1962), C. W. Hanson wrote about ‘the desirability of using one international language for scientific publication, whether it be an existing natural language or a constructed one’. ‘This global approach to the language problem has some support,’ he continues, ‘but even if international agreement were achieved progress would be slow and it would probably be several decades before the international language was in anything approaching universal use.’ Exactly ten years later, Prof. A. I. Mikhailov, director of the All Union Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI) concludes, speaking about ways to overcome linguistic barriers: ‘the final solution of the problem lies in developing a universal language of science which will develop into a single language common to the world scientific community’ (Invited Papers of the 36th International Congress of FID, Budapest, 1972). After ten years the problem of overcoming linguistic barriers in international exchange of information by means of introduction of a universal language appears to be as vivid as a full decade ago.

This article examines the role of BLDSC's Translations Section as a focal point in the national and international availability of translations. BLDSC's collection of translations into English is amongst the largest in the world (the Translations Index has over half a million entries) and the Centre is the principal source both of translations and of information about them in the UK. Translations are acquired from all over the world, covering most languages, with the main source languages emerging as Russian, German, French and Japanese. On average, 40,000 requests are received by the Translations Section each year, the majority treating BLDSC as the first and only resort. 11% of these requests are from overseas. The Centre also publishes several major bibliographical tools in this field, and has close links with other national and international translations centres. It acts not only as a document supplier but also as an information provider in this specialized area.

Effective translation has become essential for seamless cross-cultural communication in an era of global interconnectedness. Translation management systems (TMS) have redefined the translation landscape, revolutionizing project management and execution. This study examines the attitudes of translation agencies and professional translators towards integrating and utilizing TMS, with a specific focus on Saudi Arabia.

The study's design was based on a thorough mixed-methods strategy that purposefully combined quantitative and qualitative procedures to create an array of findings. Through a survey involving 35 participants (both project managers and professional translators) and a series of interviews, this research explores the adoption of TMS, perceived benefits, influencing factors and future considerations. This integrated approach sought to investigate the nuanced perceptions of Saudi translation companies and expert translators about TMS. By combining the strengths of quantitative data's broad scopes and qualitative insights' depth, this mixed-methods approach sought to overcome the limitations of each method, ultimately resulting in a holistic understanding of the multifaceted factors shaping attitudes within Saudi Arabia's unique translation landscape.

Based on questionnaires and interviews, the study shows that 80% of participants were familiar with TMS, and 57% had adopted it in their work. Benefits included enhanced project efficiency, collaboration and quality assurance. Factors influencing adoption encompassed cost, compatibility and resistance to change. The study further delved into participants' demographic profiles and years of experience, with a notable concentration in the 6–10 years range. TMS adoption was linked to improved translation processes, and participants expressed interest in AI integration and mobile compatibility. Deployment models favored cloud-based solutions, and compliance with industry standards was deemed vital. The findings underscore the evolving nature of TMS adoption in Saudi Arabia, with diverse attitudes shaped by cultural influences, technological compatibility and awareness.

This research provides a holistic and profound perspective on the integration of TMS, fostering a more comprehensive understanding of the opportunities, obstacles and potential pathways to success. As the translation landscape continues to evolve, the findings from this study will serve as a valuable compass guiding practitioners and researchers towards effectively harnessing the power of technology for enhanced translation outcomes.

The Thai video game domain has witnessed substantial growth in recent years. However, many games enjoyed by Thai players are in foreign languages, with only a handful of titles translated/localized into the Thai locale. Some Thai video game enthusiasts have taken on the role of unofficial translators/localizers, contributing to a localization domain that accommodates both official and unofficial translation/localization efforts. This general review paper aims to outline the author's experiences in collecting data within the domain of video game translation/localization in Thailand.

Using a descriptive approach, this general review paper employs the netnography method. It sheds light on the complexities of video game translation/localization in Thailand and incorporates semi-structured interviews with a snowball sampling technique for the selection of participants and in-game data collection methods.

The netnography method has proved instrumental in navigating the intricacies of this evolving landscape. Adopting the netnography method for data collection in this research contributes to establishing more robust connections with the research sites. “Inside” professionals and individuals play a significant role in data gathering by recommending additional sources of information for the research.

While netnography is conventionally applied in the market and consumer research, this paper demonstrates its efficacy in unraveling the dynamics of video game translation/localization in Thailand.

The present article seeks to further the analysis by examining the epitext employed by the press seeing as the epitext in the digital spaces might have given Animal Farm and its Thai re-translations a new lease on life.

The interest in the study of translation and paratext has primarily been in analysing peritextual material of translated texts, not on the epitext, the distanced elements located outside the book. To add to a limited amount of research into epitext, this study focusses on the element that is external to the published re-translations: the news items published by the media in the Thai and English languages from May–June 2019, immediately after the Thai PM’s book recommendation.

These news items, as an epitextual element, primed, explained, contextualised, justified and tempted readers. The “Afterlife” of Animal Farm in Thailand is sustained by political upheavals and re-translations. Rather than through their textual qualities, the re-translations of Animal Farm compete with each other through epitext.

In discussing literary re-translation of Animal Farm in the digital age, Genette’s categories of paratextual field are not without their merits. The materials examined in this article are posted by web administrators with collective identity or institutional affiliation. In some of these news items or articles, materials created by different paratextual creators are selectively coalesced within a singular textual space. The site users or news readers encounter various elements in the texts that had been curated by journalists. In other words, these elements had been consciously crafted.