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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2008

Personality disorder and offending in people with learning disabilities

Jenny Torr

This article reviews the literature on personality disorder in offenders with learning disabilities, using Medline, PsychoInfo and CINAHL databases, and search terms…

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Abstract

This article reviews the literature on personality disorder in offenders with learning disabilities, using Medline, PsychoInfo and CINAHL databases, and search terms ‘offending’, ‘personality disorder and intellectual disabilities’, ‘learning disabilities’ and related terms. Methods of defining offending population, personality disorder and learning disabilities vary greatly, and few studies focus specifically on personality disorder, learning disability and offending. The definition of learning disability often encompasses both borderline learning disability and low average intelligence. Personality disorder, especially anti‐social personality disorder, is prevalent in offenders with learning disabilities, but less than in the general population, and is associated with higher levels of security and poorer outcomes. The study concludes that there is a continuum of offenders with borderline and mild learning disabilities, reflected in learning disability forensic services.

Details

Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17530180200800002
ISSN: 1753-0180

Keywords

  • Offending
  • Personality disorder
  • Anti‐social personality disorder
  • Psychopathy
  • Learning disability
  • Borderline learning disability

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Article
Publication date: 14 October 2011

The Confidential Inquiry into the deaths of people with learning disabilities – the story so far

Pauline Heslop and Anna Marriott

This paper aims to outline the process of undertaking the Confidential Inquiry (CI) into the deaths of people with learning disabilities and discusses three particular…

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to outline the process of undertaking the Confidential Inquiry (CI) into the deaths of people with learning disabilities and discusses three particular issues: engaging with professionals; maintaining confidentiality; and the tension between wanting to base the findings on a sufficiently large number of cases so that the findings are robust and reliable, but also wanting to make immediate changes to any potentially modifiable factors found to contribute to the deaths of people with learning disabilities.

Design/methodology/approach

The CI into the deaths of people with learning disabilities reviews the deaths of all people with learning disabilities living in the (former) Avon and Gloucestershire areas. It has been commissioned by the Department of Health to run until March 2013. One of the key drivers for a CI has been the work of Mencap in exposing the unequal health care that some people with learning disabilities received in the NHS.

Findings

The principal goal of the CI is to improve the standard and quality of care for people with learning disabilities and ultimately their health outcomes. The CI team aims to detect potentially modifiable contributory factors in the care of a person with learning disabilities who has subsequently died, share any examples of good practice in their care and provide information to guide the commissioning of services.

Originality/value

It is anticipated that the findings of the CI will provide a considerable amount of evidence on which to improve the standard and quality of care for people with learning disabilities and ultimately their health outcomes.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13595471111185729
ISSN: 1359-5474

Keywords

  • Confidential Inquiry
  • Premature death
  • Learning disabilities
  • Health care

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2007

Copying Letters to Patients: Views of Professionals Working with People with Learning Disability

Indermeet Sawhney, John Morgan and Afsaneh Tajer

The National Health Service Plan (DoH, 2000) requires that patients receive copies of correspondence between health professionals about them, as of right. Patients with…

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Abstract

The National Health Service Plan (DoH, 2000) requires that patients receive copies of correspondence between health professionals about them, as of right. Patients with learning disabilities are not exempt from this rule. Copying letters to patients with learning disabilities is undoubtedly going to be challenging and complex for professionals working with them and, because of the heterogeneous nature of this group, specific guidelines need to be in place to support professionals in this task. The aim of the study was to ascertain the views of various professionals working in learning disability teams, on the copying of clinical letters to patients and their carers. The majority of respondents commented that, if letters are copied to patients with learning disabilities, then the persons may find it difficult to understand them, and a separate ‘simpler’ letter may need to be sent. Despite expressing concerns about this policy, the majority stated that they will be sending copies of letters regularly in their clinical practice in the future.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 12 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13595474200700029
ISSN: 1359-5474

Keywords

  • Copying letters
  • Learning disability
  • Learning disability teams
  • Patients' rights
  • Carers
  • Consent

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Article
Publication date: 7 April 2015

What do Joint Strategic Needs Assessments tell us about people with learning disabilities in England?

Susannah Baines and Chris Hatton

Joint Strategic Needs Assessments (JSNAs) are required for every local authority in England, and should contain information to allow for strategic health and wellbeing…

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Abstract

Purpose

Joint Strategic Needs Assessments (JSNAs) are required for every local authority in England, and should contain information to allow for strategic health and wellbeing planning for the local population, including disabled people. A 2013 analysis of JSNAs showed that JSNAs were not routinely including information on the numbers and health needs of people with learning disabilities, particularly children. The purpose of this paper is to compare the information included in 2013 and 2014 JSNAs.

Design/methodology/approach

JSNAs for 141 local authorities in England were sought. Local authorities were contacted when JSNAs were not initially found online. All 137 JSNAs found were analysed for mentions and specific sections concerning people with learning disabilities, and content analysed concerning the specific information they contained.

Findings

In total, 72 per cent of JSNAs mentioned people with learning disabilities (vs 82 per cent in 2013); 24 per cent mentioned children (vs 39 per cent in 2013) and 72 per cent mentioned adults (vs 81 per cent in 2013). Overall, 13 per cent of JSNAs included a section on children with learning disabilities (vs 9 per cent in 2013), 65 per cent included a section on adults (vs 48 per cent in 2013) and 11 per cent included a section on older adults (vs 8 per cent in the 2013). More JSNAs contained information on current and projected future populations, health needs, social context and service usage concerning adults with learning disabilities compared to children. There was large regional variation in all these indicators.

Originality/value

Further work is needed for JSNAs to contain sufficient information on people with learning disabilities to allow for strategic planning, and for JSNAs to be accessible to the public.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 20 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TLDR-01-2015-0002
ISSN: 1359-5474

Keywords

  • England
  • Intellectual disability
  • Learning disability
  • Joint Strategic Needs Assessment
  • Local authority
  • Regional variation

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Article
Publication date: 3 January 2017

Living arrangements of adults with learning disabilities across the UK

Chris Hatton

The purpose of this paper is to compare data from national social care statistics on the living situations of people with learning disabilities across England, Scotland…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to compare data from national social care statistics on the living situations of people with learning disabilities across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach

National social care statistics (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland) reporting the living situations of adults with learning disabilities (residential and nursing care, living with family, other forms of accommodation) were accessed, with data extracted on trends over time and rate of service use.

Findings

There were substantial differences in the statistics collected across the UK. Overall, there were higher reported rates of adults with learning disabilities in residential/nursing accommodation in England than Scotland or Wales, but much lower reported rates of adults living in other forms of unsupported and supported accommodation and much lower reported rates of adults living with their families. In all three countries, trends over time suggest that reductions in residential care towards more independent living options may be stalling. In Northern Ireland reductions in currently extensive residential and nursing care services are continuing, unlike other parts of the UK.

Social implications

Despite similar policy ambitions across the four parts of the UK, statistics on the living situations of adults with learning disabilities report substantial differences.

Originality/value

This paper is a first attempt to compare national social care statistics concerning the living situations of adults with learning disabilities across the UK. With increasing divergence of health and social service systems, further comparative analyses of services for people with learning disabilities are needed.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 22 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TLDR-11-2016-0040
ISSN: 1359-5474

Keywords

  • UK
  • Learning disabilities
  • Intellectual disability
  • Community living
  • Adult social care
  • Group homes

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2008

Changes in demography and demand for services from people with complex needs and profound and multiple learning disabilities

Richard Parrott, Nigel Tilley and John Wolstenholme

This article describes the changes in the population of people with learning disabilities in Sheffield and the associated demand for specialist learning disability…

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Abstract

This article describes the changes in the population of people with learning disabilities in Sheffield and the associated demand for specialist learning disability services, primary and acute health services and the wider public realm. It comments particularly on people with the most complex needs. The study to produce this data was in two parts: an analysis of changes in the overall number of people with a learning disability which included a projection of how the number might change over the next ten years, and an analysis of the health and support needs of young people with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD), and how these might change in the future. The findings are compelling. The overall number of people with a learning disability in Sheffield increased by 25% in the 10 years from 1998 to 2008, the number of children and young people with a learning disability increased by nearly 120% and young people with PMLD were found to have an unprecedented level of health and social care need, which will increase further as they enter adulthood. The implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for further research are offered.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 13 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13595474200800026
ISSN: 1359-5474

Keywords

  • Demographic change
  • Demand for services
  • Profound and multiple learning disabilities
  • Complex needs
  • Resources

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2008

Health checks and people with learning disabilities

Janet Cobb, Alison Giraud‐Saunders and Mike Kerr

This article addresses the need for health checks for people with learning disabilities as a proven route to identifying and tackling health inequalities, what health…

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Abstract

This article addresses the need for health checks for people with learning disabilities as a proven route to identifying and tackling health inequalities, what health checks should look like (covering physical and mental health) and how they should be followed up, and how practices and primary care trusts (PCTs) can implement health checks, involving people with learning disabilities and family carers and drawing on the expertise of community learning disability teams. Experience from Wales and England of offering health checks is described, and some key learning points are drawn out. In particular we recommend the appointment of a strategic health facilitator to lead the introduction of health checks and to ensure that the results are used to improve the health and health care of the population of people with learning disabilities.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 13 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13595474200800028
ISSN: 1359-5474

Keywords

  • Health checks
  • Primary care
  • Health promotion
  • Health inequalities
  • Disability Equality Day

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Article
Publication date: 22 March 2010

Providing forensic community services for people with learning disabilities

Shamim Dinani, Wendy Goodman, Charlotte Swift and Teresa Treasure

This paper reports on the first eight years of a community‐based forensic team for people with learning disabilities. The authors give an overview of current research and…

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Abstract

This paper reports on the first eight years of a community‐based forensic team for people with learning disabilities. The authors give an overview of current research and government guidance regarding the prevalence, care pathway and treatment of people with learning disabilities who offend. The role and function of the community forensic team is described and an analysis of referrals to the service is given. The authors reflect on the frustrations as well as the achievements associated with providing this service.

Details

Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5042/jldob.2010.0179
ISSN: 2042-0927

Keywords

  • Forensic
  • Learning disability
  • Intellectual disabilities
  • Community
  • Treatment

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2007

Improving the mental health of people with learning disabilities in Scotland: putting policy into practice

Neill Simpson, Margaret Whoriskey and Michael McCue

Service systems for people with learning disabilities in Scotland have developed in the context of the Scottish legal system and devolved policy for health. Scottish…

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Abstract

Service systems for people with learning disabilities in Scotland have developed in the context of the Scottish legal system and devolved policy for health. Scottish organisations are responding to the spectrum of mental health needs by working in partnership to improve quality. This article describes this system and the key organisations, and presents some findings of the National Overview Report of services undertaken by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland.

Details

Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17530180200700007
ISSN: 1753-0180

Keywords

  • Mental health needs
  • Learning disabilities
  • Intellectual disabilities
  • Services in Scotland
  • Devolution
  • Partnership
  • Quality
  • Key organisations

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2003

Valuing Health for All: PCTs and the Health of People with Learning Disabilities

Alison Giraud‐Saunders, Margaret Gregory, Richard Poxton, Cathy Smith and David Towell

Findings and good practice are reported from a project promoting engagement of PCTs with the health experiences of people with learning disabilities. Project work was most…

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Abstract

Findings and good practice are reported from a project promoting engagement of PCTs with the health experiences of people with learning disabilities. Project work was most successful where it linked into mainstream NHS priorities, using good information and specialists' expertise to support mainstream practitioners.

Details

Journal of Integrated Care, vol. 11 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14769018200300032
ISSN: 1476-9018

Keywords

  • Learning Disability
  • PCTS
  • Health Inequalities

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