Search results

This study aims to extend the cognitive appraisal theory by developing and validating a conceptual framework to illustrate how travelers' behavioral intention is generated via a multi-stage evaluation of health-related variables.

SEM and moderator analysis were conducted to examine the theoretical framework (post-intervention event travel intention) and to investigate how the appraisal process differs across travelers with various attitudes toward vaccination.

This study found that cruise travel intention was positively influenced by the perceived hedonic value and perceived trustworthiness and negatively influenced by perceived infection risk. Furthermore, whereas perceived hedonic value, perceived trustworthiness and perceived risk of infection were all predicted by crisis management, the dimensions of crisis management operated differently. In addition, vaccination attitudes amplified the unfavorable effect of perceived risk on intention.

Drawing on the CAT, this study developed and validated a conceptual framework to integrate crisis management with customers' behavioral intentions. This study extends existing cruise travel intention theory by demonstrating how post-pandemic travelers' behavioral intention is generated via a multi-stage appraisal-reappraisal process based on the evaluations of infection risks and cruise line crisis management.

This study aims to discuss the possible consequences of food crises caused by unsustainable food production and distribution, as well as how the rapid depletion of food resources may affect human life, destinations and the food tourism industry.

To address the lack of research examining the impact of sustainability issues and food crises on food tourism, this study conducted a critical review of the literature and reports related to agriculture, food production and sustainability.

Global conflicts, climate change and supply disruptions result in the reduction of food availability and quality. The high price of food and energy in such circumstances will further exacerbate poverty and delay destination development, which will negatively impact food tourism's economic sustainability. Furthermore, local businesses will be limited in their ability to offer a variety of culinary experiences, which will negatively impact the overall experience of food tourism. In this context, there is a pressing need to investigate the experiential aspects of food tourism as well as today's challenges relating to food crises at multiple levels, sustainable approaches, food quality and food services.

The United Nations, FAO, WHO, UNICEF and other regional and international organizations refer to unsustainable practices and food crises on a variety of levels. Several sectors, including the food tourism industry, are predicted to be negatively affected by the current situation. However, governments have not adopted an emergency code to address this issue, except in some regions experiencing extreme inflation and food shortages. Besides promoting sustainable practices, responding to global crises and enhancing culinary and cultural tourism experiences, food crisis management and sustainability efforts can have a significant impact on future research, practical applications and societal outcomes.

As one of the first studies conducted in this field, this study examines the effects of declines in food production and issues in the supply chain on the food tourism industry.

本文讨论了不可持续的粮食生产和分配造成的粮食危机的可能后果, 以及粮食资源的快速枯竭如何影响人类生活、目的地和食品旅游业。

为了解决缺乏研究可持续性问题和粮食危机对食品旅游的影响问题, 本研究对与农业、粮食生产和可持续性相关的文献和报告进行了批判性回顾。

全球冲突、气候变化和供应中断导致粮食供应和质量下降。在这种情况下, 粮食和能源的高昂价格将进一步加剧贫困, 阻碍目的地的发展, 这将对食品旅游的经济可持续性产生负面影响。此外, 当地企业提供各种烹饪体验的能力将受到限制, 这将对美食旅游的整体体验产生负面影响。在此背景下, 迫切需要了解食品旅游的体验, 以及当今在多个层面上与粮食危机、可持续方法、食品质量和食品服务相关的挑战。

联合国、粮农组织、世界卫生组织、儿童基金会和其他区域和国际组织在各种层面上提到了不可持续的做法和粮食危机。包括食品旅游业在内的几个部门预计将受到当前形势的负面影响。然而, 除了一些经历极端通货膨胀和粮食短缺的地区外, 各国政府还没有通过紧急代码来解决这个问题。除了推广可持续实践、应对全球危机、增强烹饪和文化旅游体验外, 粮食危机管理和可持续发展工作还可以对未来的研究、实际应用和社会成果产生重大影响。

作为该领域最早进行的研究之一, 本研究考察了食品产量下降和供应链问题对食品旅游业的影响。

Este artículo analiza las posibles consecuencias de las crisis alimentarias provocadas por la producción y distribución insostenibles de alimentos, así como el modo en que el rápido agotamiento de los recursos alimentarios puede afectar a la vida humana, a los destinos y a la industria del turismo gastronómico.

Para abordar la falta de investigaciones que examinen el impacto de las cuestiones de sostenibilidad y las crisis alimentarias en el turismo gastronómico, este estudio realizó una revisión crítica de la literatura y los informes relacionados con la agricultura, la producción de alimentos y la sostenibilidad.

Los conflictos mundiales, el cambio climático y las interrupciones en el suministro provocan la reducción de la disponibilidad y la calidad de los alimentos. El elevado precio de los alimentos y la energía en tales circunstancias agravará aún más la pobreza y retrasará el desarrollo de los destinos, lo que repercutirá negativamente en la sostenibilidad económica del turismo gastronómico. Además, los negocios locales verán limitada su capacidad de ofrecer una variedad de experiencias culinarias, lo que repercutirá negativamente en la experiencia global del turismo gastronómico. En este contexto, existe una necesidad acuciante de investigar los aspectos experienciales del turismo gastronómico, así como los retos actuales relacionados con las crisis alimentarias a múltiples niveles, los enfoques sostenibles, la calidad de los alimentos y los servicios alimentarios.

Las Naciones Unidas, la FAO, la OMS, UNICEF y otras organizaciones regionales e internacionales se refieren a las prácticas insostenibles y a las crisis alimentarias en diversos niveles. Se prevé que varios sectores, entre ellos la industria del turismo alimentario, se verán afectados negativamente por la situación actual. Sin embargo, los gobiernos no han adoptado un código de emergencia para abordar esta cuestión, excepto en algunas regiones que experimentan una inflación extrema y escasez de alimentos. Además de promover prácticas sostenibles, responder a las crisis mundiales y mejorar las experiencias turísticas culinarias y culturales, la gestión de las crisis alimentarias y los esfuerzos de sostenibilidad pueden tener un impacto significativo en la investigación futura, las aplicaciones prácticas y los resultados sociales.

Como uno de los primeros estudios realizados en este campo, este estudio examina los efectos de la disminución de la producción de alimentos y los problemas de la cadena de suministro en la industria del turismo gastronómico.

A qualitative approach based on grounded theory was utilized, with data collected through 26 semi-structured interviews with social entrepreneurs. Alas’s Triangular Model provided the framework for data analysis and interpretation.

This study explores how Hong Kong social enterprises approached crisis and change management during the COVID-19 pandemic, examining their resilience-building strategies.

The pandemic triggered an existential crisis for many social enterprises, causing severe revenue losses. However, strong leadership and cultures based on social mission enabled resilience. Enterprises demonstrated agility by rapidly transitioning operations online and establishing partnerships. Technology adaptation and social innovation were pivotal to sustaining impact.

As the sample comprises enterprises that survived the pandemic, insights into failed enterprises are lacking. Comparative analysis could illuminate differences in crisis response between successful and unsuccessful cases.

The study’s practical implications suggest that social enterprises should focus on developing flexible crisis management plans, cultivating purposeful leadership, embracing digital transformation, strengthening collaborative networks and prioritizing organizational learning to effectively navigate crises while staying true to their social missions.

Findings demonstrate how shared values and cultures grounded in purpose can anchor organizations amidst upheaval, fostering resilience. This underscores the role of social enterprises in modeling responsiveness to societal needs.

While research has examined social enterprises’ vulnerability in crises, investigation into their crisis management practices is limited. This study enriches understanding of how social enterprises effectively navigate turbulence.

This paper primarily aims to identify the multilevel learning processes emerging from abrupt telework implementation in a public knowledge-intensive organization (KIO) amid the COVID-19 crisis.

This single-case process research was guided by interpretivist epistemology. Empirical data from documentary research and 41 interviewed managers were processed by inductive qualitative analysis using the multilevel learning theoretical model.

Eight types and three modes of learning processes during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified in a public KIO, iteratively emerging in multilevel learning dynamics during the compulsory adoption of telework and replacing the face-to-face work mode conducted since its foundation.

As insider researchers, while daily and privileged access to the field was obtained, it also demanded their continuous effort to maintain transparency and scientific distancing; conceptual results are restricted to process theorisation studies, specifically the 4Is theoretical model in the scope of crisis learning process studies concerning KIOs.

This study provides evidence for managers to adopt interactive dynamics among eight multilevel types and three learning modes of emergent learning, developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and support learning practices’ implementation and routinisation across three organizational levels in crisis situations. In addition, evidencing emergent types of learning enables organizational learning (OL) researchers to examine how organizational structures and work practices either promote or inhibit different learning types and impact multilevel learning when adopting teleworking during a crisis.

This research has theoretical value in two ways: (i) Providing empirically supported knowledge: This involves understanding multilevel learning processes resulting from emergent learning in a public KIO that abruptly adopted teleworking during a crisis context; (ii) deepening process theorization studies on OL: To achieve this, we enhance the 4I model by incorporating eight types and two modes of learning processes. These processes iteratively emerge from the individual and group levels towards the institutional level in a public KIO.

This paper presents a 10-year systematic review of research on the visual framing of crises to identify the priorities, theories applied and trends in the scholarship of visual framing during crises. The gaps are analyzed to provide evidence-based recommendations for advancing future research.

A total of 269 articles published in 156 peer-reviewed communication journals between January 2014 to December 2023 were reviewed. Data were analyzed using open and axial qualitative coding. A codebook was developed for the quantitative coding and data were analyzed in SPSS descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to answer the research questions.

The proportion of visual framing of crises has remained the same in the last 10 years – there is significantly more research on the visual framing of non-crises. Overall, research on the visual framing of crises is largely exploratory/descriptive and could benefit from a research agenda that is more theory driven. Additionally, there is a skewed focus for research on North America compared to other regions, and for political communication and climate compared to other themes. Environmental sciences and engineering are the most widely investigated journal fields, while disaster is the most common typology studied when looking at the visual framing of crises.

The systematic literature review has some limitations – most particularly that the sample was drawn from a single publisher, which may not be exhaustive enough to represent the full population of articles in the field of visual communication. However, it is a systematic review of the publications that are officially aligned with three of the major communication organizations – the International Communication Association, National Communication Association and World Communication Association. However, future research considering the inclusion of an additional publishers, like Emerald, would further enrich scholarship in visual framing during crises. Second, manual coding of the articles could present potential differences in analysis and interpretation by other researchers. Despite the limitations, the study also provides some important insights into the present and future of the visual framing of crises.

Addressing gaps in the internationalization of visual crisis communication would expand studies for visual framing among underrepresented communities such as populations with low reading literacy, gender minorities and displaced communities and inform visual framing strategies for government and relevant institutions as primary information disseminators during crises.

Addressing the gaps identified in this systematic literature review on the visual framing of crises is important for extending theory in this relatively nascent field and guiding crisis visual framing strategies to mitigate uncertainty and panic, threats to stakeholder relationships, social vulnerabilities and the visual framing of stakeholder-centric crisis responses.

Based on available literature, this is the first systematic literature review investigating the use of all types of visuals used during all crisis typologies, reflecting the ubiquity of crises and the increased focus on the use of visuals in crisis communication in the last decade.

This paper aims to investigate the impact of board gender diversity (BGD) on firm financial stability during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.

Difference-in-differences method was used for a sample of 891 US companies observed from 2018 to 2021.

The results indicate significant negative relationships between BGD and financial stability. The authors put in evidence a nonlinear relationship between BGD and financial stability. Also, the authors found that internal women directors as well as external ones decrease financial stability.

The results emphasize the beneficial effect of having more women on corporate boards during health crises and suggest that policymakers should take measures to promote BGD.

This paper highlights the impact of BGD on financial stability and provides additional evidence on the usefulness of BGD as an effective tool for crisis management.

This study aims to investigate the impact of green marketing strategy (GMS) and firms’ decision to invest in or divest from green marketing activities during a crisis on business performance.

The study collected survey data from 245 Greek firms during the 2015 Eurozone crisis to investigate the impact of GMS and green marketing investments on firm resilience during crisis. Time-lagged, objective performance data for a subset of these firms helped examine the impact of GMS on postcrisis financial performance.

Pursuing a GMS builds resilience, especially for companies that decided not to reduce resources allocated to green marketing activities during a recession. Beyond resilience, firms investing in GMS during the crisis experienced improved financial performance in the long run. Finally, this research proposes a typology of GMS responses during a crisis.

This study does not specify which types of green marketing activities lead to more investment or divestment during a crisis.

The study offers insights for allocating resources to green marketing during recessions. Supporting GMSs during unpredictable times is important to successfully navigate performance both during and after a crisis. Six crisis response profiles are offered: green-nonbelievers, dis-investors, reluctants and cautious-, opportunistic- and strategic-green investors.

The study proposes a balanced approach to environmental sustainability, marketing strategy and firm performance during a crisis.

The study argues that GMSs enable firms to survive a crisis and recover from financial shocks.

Proponents of Islamic banking believe that this banking model is relatively superior in times of financial crises. This study aims to examine whether Islamic banks were more resilient to the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic than their conventional peers, especially in terms of two of the most important banking risks, capital and liquidity risks.

The authors use a regression model to examine whether Islamic banks were more resilient to the recent health crisis, as compared to their conventional counterparts. The results are robust to alternative crisis time periods, the use of different model specifications and the inclusion of different control variables.

Unlike during the 2007–2008 global financial crisis (GFC), Islamic banks have not performed relatively well during the more recent crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that Islamic banks experienced an increase in both capital and liquidity risks. The results also indicate a decrease in bank profitability, improved solvency and asset quality and a decrease in operational risk.

This study contributes to the literature on banking business model and resilience to economic crises. Contrary to some expectations and to their performance during the GFC of 2007–2008, Islamic banks were found to be more vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic than conventional banks.

Emotions are widely acknowledged decision-making drivers, taking the front seat when managers lack objective information. Existing evidence indicates that negative emotions often lead to the decision to retrench. Contrary to these insights, our research aims to show that negative emotions can sometimes push top managers to withdraw from retrenching marketing activities. By drawing on the affect-as-information approach, this study aims to examine the direct and conditional effects of top managers’ negative emotions on small and medium-sized enteprises (SMEs’) intention to retrench marketing activities during the recent economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study uses a descriptive research design and surveys a sample of 155 chief executive officers from business-to-business (B2B) SMEs in Croatia. The authors empirically test the conceptual framework with hierarchical regression.

Based on the sample of 155 top managers of SMEs operating in B2B industries, negative emotions positively drive marketing retrenchment. However, additional insights reveal that this relationship is conditioned by crisis severity and SMEs' strategic orientations (exploration and exploitation). The relationship between negative emotions and marketing retrenchment weakens for SMEs severely hampered by the crisis and for SMEs following the exploitative orientation. In contrast, this relationship becomes stronger for SMEs whose business customers have been severely hampered and for SMEs following exploratory orientation.

This research advances the body of knowledge by demonstrating that, depending on the severity of the crisis and the strategic orientation of the SME, top managers may interpret negative emotions quite differently, which eventually has lasting consequences on marketing retrenchment during crises. Therefore, by focusing on emotional microfoundations and unique crisis- and firm-level contingencies, this study goes beyond existing theoretical discussions that contrast marketing retrenchment vs investment and offers a different understanding of why and when SMEs retrench their marketing activities during crises.

The main goal of the article is to identify, analyze and evaluate the mediating role of HRM outcomes in the relationships between employee retention (ER) and company performance results, with a specific focus on discerning any shifts or differences in this mediation across non-crisis and crisis times in the foreign subsidiaries of MNCs.

The empirical research covered 200 MNCs headquartered in Central Europe. A Computer-Aided Telephone Interviewing (CATI) method was used for data collection. The raw data was adjusted using the Efficiency Index (EI) to accurately represent the relationships between the variables under study. The research hypotheses were examined, and the mediating effects were assessed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).

The research findings provide valuable insights by exploring the mediating role of HRM outcomes between ER and company performance results, highlighting HRM’s crucial role in enhancing results in finance, innovation and quality, particularly during crises. They underscore the strategic importance of HRM in fostering organizational resilience and innovation.

The study offers a new methodological contribution through introducing the EI for a precise quantitative evaluation of the relationships between ER, HRM and company performance results. However, the greatest added value of this article is the creation of the ER-HRM Mediation Theory of Organizational Resilience through Innovativeness in Crisis.