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Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology-based cold metal transfer (CMT) to produce large aluminum alloy parts has become more and more popular. In WAAM, wire is the only raw material. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of wire composition on the microstructure and properties of the ZAlCu5MnCdVA alloy deposited by WAAM.

Two thin-walled ZAlCu5MnCdVA alloys with different wire compositions were prepared by WAAM. The copper contents were 4.7% (Al-4.7Cu) and 5.0% (Al-5.0Cu), respectively. The microstructure, element distribution and evolution of precipitated phases of the two samples were characterized and analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Hardness and tensile properties of samples were tested, and strengthening mechanism was analyzed in detail.

The results show that grain sizes of Al-4.7Cu and Al-5.0Cu are less than 40 μm. The average mass fraction of Cu in Al matrix and the number of nanometer scale θ'' and θ' phases are the main factors affecting the tensile properties of Al-Cu alloy. Tensile properties of two materials show different characteristics at room temperature and high temperature. Al-5.0Cu is better at room temperature and Al-4.7Cu is better at high temperature. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation in the x direction of Al-5.0Cu at room temperature are 451 ± 10.2 MPa, 486 ± 10.2 MPa and 9 ± 0.5%, respectively. The YS, UTS and elongation in the x direction of Al-4.7Cu at high temperature are 290 ± 4.5 MPa, 356 ± 7.0 MPa and 13% ± 0.2%, respectively.

Experiments show that the increase of Cu element can improve the properties at room temperature of the ZAlCu5MnCdVA alloy by WAAM, but its properties at high temperature decrease.

To provide information about technical data; wear behaviour of worn rotor parts in mining industry and for the other application of ferrous alloys.

Wear behaviour of the various filler wires were tested (tensile, hardness, and wear) and compared with each other in the light of microstructure, chemical, and mechanical properties.

The results showed that the wear rates were significantly increased with the increasing load, welding current, wear distance and poor mechanical properties. A larger amount of C, Cr, and Mn specimen showed the best wear resistance since it contained a number of hard MC‐type carbides and coarse grains. Furthermore, for all materials the weight loss increases linearly with the increasing of welding arc current, load and wear distance.

It would be interesting to search about the toughness values and fatigue behaviour of these materials. It could be the good idea for future work could be concentrated fracture surface analysis of these materials.

For these materials choosing the right chemical composition of the filler material, certain arc current and ideal microstructure is crutial for the wear response.

The main value of this paper is to contribute and fulfil the mechanical properties of welding wires that is being studied so far in the literature such as the effects of chemical composition, applied road range, and arc current on the tensile, hardness and wear behaviours of the welding wires.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare powder and wire laser material deposition (LMD) processes.

In the present paper, Inconel 718 tensile test probes were built layer by layer using a longitudinal strategy, and the quality of the deposited material was characterized for both wire and powder LMD processes. The measured data during the deposition tests have been used for comparing the efficiency of both powder and wire LMD processes. Afterwards, to evaluate the mechanical properties of the parts generated by means of both processes, standard tensile tests were carried out. Furthermore, other factors have been evaluated, such as process reliability or presence of residual material, after the deposition process.

Results show a higher efficiency of the wire LMD process, and even similar ultimate tensile stress values were reached for both processes; powder LMD parts resulted in a more brittle nature.

In the present paper, a thorough analysis that compared both processes has been carried out. The results obtained will help in the future when choosing between wire and powder LMD. The main points of the wealth of knowledge generated with these research efforts are highlighted herein.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a multi‐purpose body form that could be used to develop different types of garments by putting body skins with ease on the standard body form.

Free form deformation method was used to generate a virtual model upon the basis of the averaged wire frame. The virtual model was made into a real‐life model by a rapid prototyping (RP) process, and then, the standard body form was made by molding the RP. The 3D polygon shell for a body skin got flattened down to 2D patterns and made by a urethane material.

The standard body form developed by using 3D body scan data better represented the characteristics of the body shapes than the previously hand‐made ones. In addition, by standardizing the production of the body form itself, it is now possible to make body forms into the standards and be consistent in their qualities.

This paper presents the methodology of utilizing 3D body scan data in a garment design, which is possible by incorporating advanced 3D modeling technologies and 3D data of a human body in making body forms. For the mass production of a body skin, it is necessary to develop various special materials simulating soft tissues.

The apparel industry can enjoy cost cutting effects by using this multi‐purpose body form. A company does not have to spend money in purchasing different sizes and shapes of body forms, let alone saving the spaces to store them once purchased.

Three layer‐additive manufacturing methods were evaluated to producing nickel‐titanium graded composition material. One potential application is fabrication of attachment clips that join thermal protection systems to launch vehicle structure. Thermal gradients during flight generate excessive bending and shear loads that limit the service lifetime of the Inconel clips currently used. It is envisioned that a graded composition component could be tailored to reduce the stress concentrations.

Deposits with nearly continuous composition grade were built from Ti‐6‐4 and Inconel 718 powder using laser direct metal deposition. Layered deposits were produced by flat wire welding from Ti‐6‐4 and Inconel 718 wire. Ultrasonic consolidation was used to produce layered deposits from pure nickel and commercially pure titanium foils. Microstructure, bond line morphology, chemical composition, and reaction phases were characterized.

All three manufacturing methods require further development before graded composition material can be reliably produced. Laser direct metal deposition samples exhibited coarse dendritic microstructures and significant elemental segregation. Chemistries varied from calculated targets by up to 20 percent and macroscopic cracking occurred for chemistries greater than 60 percent Inconel 718. Flat wire welded deposits exhibited good mixing between the wire layers, however brittle cracking occurred adjacent to a 5 μm thick reaction layer. Ultrasonically‐consolidated samples demonstrated metallurgical bonding between pure Ni and commercially pure (CP) Ti foils, with material reaction limited to a 1 μm layer.

Producing nickel‐titanium graded composition materials had not been attempted by the selected manufacturing methods. A refined experimental program is needed to resolve the remaining technical issues.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the composition and strengths/weaknesses and major actors of a coalition of regional economic leaders in the composites participating in the Workforce Innovations in Regional Economic Development (WIRED) project aimed at supporting high-skilled and high-wage careers.

Social network analysis (SNA) was used to assess south-central (SC) Kansas WIRED coalition (n = 81) based on three surveys question: Who do you know? Who do you communicate with? and Who do you collaborate with? All the surveys were administered online in two waves.

SC Kansas WIRED network has a strong core, well-defined periphery and is immune to key actor losses, which suggests that they are well developed and sustainable. The well-defined periphery positions the collaborative to reach out to resources outside of the network and innovation.

SC Kansas WIRED Leadership team used the SNA to identify opportunities for further collaboration and reach out to individuals and groups who are not engaged well with others but are positioned well for sparking innovation and bringing resources to the region.

There are few analytic resources to empirically examine coalitions/collaboratives and the human and economic resources embedded in them. The results of this study and the feedback from SC Kansas WIRED Leadership team suggests that SNA was very valuable in identifying areas for action or improvement of the SC Kansas WIRED collaborative and can be utilized for effective decision-making.

This paper aims to figure out the conundrum that the corrosion resistance longevity of steel wires for bridge cables was arduous to meet the requirements.

The “two-step” hot-dip coating process for cable steel wires was developed, which involved first hot-dip galvanizing and then hot-dip galvanizing of aluminum magnesium alloy. The corrosion rate, polarization curve and impedance of Zn–6Al–1Mg and Zn–10Al–3Mg alloy-coated steel wires were compared through acetate spray test and electrochemical test, and the corrosion mechanism of Zn–Al–Mg alloy-coated steel wires was revealed.

The corrosion resistance of Zn–10Al–3Mg alloy-coated steel wires had the best corrosion resistance, which was more than seven times that of pure zinc-coated steel wires. The corrosion current of Zn–10Al–3Mg alloy-coated steel wires was lower than that of Zn–6Al–1Mg alloy-coated steel wires, whereas the capacitive arc and impedance value of the former were higher than that of the latter, making it clear that the corrosion resistance of Zn–10Al–3Mg was better than that of Zn–6Al–1Mg alloy coating. Moreover, the Zn–Al–Mg alloy-coated steel wires for bridge cables had the function of coating “self-repairing.”

Controlling the temperature and time of the hot dip galvanizing stage can reduce the thickness of transition layer and solve the problem of easy cracking of the transition layer in the Zn–Al–Mg alloy coating due to the Sandelin effect.

Discusses the distress of mine rope‐wires, under the diverse states of stresses and strains of physical, chemical and mechanical origin. Mine rope‐wires undergo complicated cycles of stresses and strains inside the depth of coal and metal mines. This assumes special significance during summer inside the deeper mines. Summarizes recent studies in this field and compares their results.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that isothermal intermetallic growth data for gold ball bonds can be non-parabolic with explanations of why deviation from parabolic kinetics may occur.

Intermetallic thickness measurements were made at the centre of cross-sectioned ball bonds that were isothermally annealed at 175°C. Intermetallic growth kinetics were modelled with a power law expression(x(t) − x₀)² = α₁t^α₂. The parameters of the power law model were obtained by transformation of the response and explanatory variables followed by data fitting using simple linear regression (SLR).

Ball bonds made with 4 N (99.99%Au) and 3 N (99.9%Au) gold wires exhibited two consecutive time regimes of intermetallic growth denoted Regime I and Regime II. Regime I was characterised by reactive diffusion between the gold wire and the aluminium alloy bond pad, during which Al was completely consumed in the formation of Au–Al intermetallics with non-parabolic kinetics. In Regime II, the absence of a free supply of Al to sustain intermetallic growth led to the conclusion that thickening of intermetallics was caused by phase transformation of Au₈Al₃ to Au₄Al. Ball bonds made with 2 N (99%Au) wire also exhibited non-parabolic kinetics in Regime I and negligible intermetallic thickening in Regime II.

The analysis of intermetallic growth is limited to total intermetallic growth at a single temperature (175°C).

The value of this study lies in showing that the assumption that only parabolic intermetallic growth is observed in isothermally aged gold ball bonds is incorrect. Furthermore there is no need to assume parabolic growth kinetics because with an appropriate data transformation, followed by fitting the data to a power law model using SLR and with the use of statistical diagnostics, both the suitability of the kinetic model and the nature of the growth kinetics (parabolic or non-parabolic) can be determined.

The aim of the research is to investigate the influence of gas metal arc welding on the wear performance of worn concussor jaws.

Worn parts were welded using the gas metal arc welding process. Various wires were used for this purpose. These welded parts were subjected to wear tests under different loads, and changes in the hardness and microstructures were examined. A pin‐on‐disc wear test apparatus was used.

As a result of this study, the following findings are reported: wear rates were significantly increased with the increasing of load and wear distance; the hardness of the weld metal of the welded specimens changed depending upon the chemical composition of the weld wire; with the increasing carbon, manganese and chromium in the weld wire, wear resistance increased; in the present study, specimens B and C showed better wear resistance; therefore these specimens are suitable for using in concussor jaws.

Electrodes were limited with four wires, for welding gas arc welding methods were applied, loads were limited with 10, 25, 40 N, welded parts were subjected to wear test, hardness test, microstructures were examined.

For future work, instead of buying worn concussor jaws, they are repaired with the gas metal arc welding process using various weld wires. By this process, working life of the jaws can be extended and vast economical benefit may also be obtained.

This paper fulfils an identified information need and offers practical help to the industrial firms working with alunit ore and rock crasher and also to the academicians working on wear of materials.