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Urban villages are prevalent informal settlements within Chinese cities, arising from urban expansion. These areas frequently face systematic demolition during urban renewal due to their disorderly layout and outdated appearance. Urban village renovation (UVR) entails balancing diverse interests and navigating complex conflicts, particularly within China’s dual property rights system encompassing urban and rural land. The purpose of this study is to avoid the fierce interest conflict of UVR.

This study utilized the theoretical framework of value co-destruction. Initially, text mining and literature analysis were employed to identify concept nodes and interaction relationships. Subsequently, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to verify the causal model. Finally, the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) was developed to dynamically simulate value co-destruction scenarios within UVR across various hypothetical situations.

The concept nodes influencing value co-destruction in UVR form a complex system with multiple levels. This includes three cause nodes and one result node. Among these, actor-to-actor emerges as a primary and underlying cause influencing value co-destruction in these projects. Furthermore, strategies for UVR should prioritize integrated interventions that enhance actor-to-actor relationships.

This study introduced a novel mixed methodology aimed at systematically simulating the dynamic process of value co-destruction during UVR. It also provided a fresh perspective on reverse assessment to mitigate the prevalent interest conflicts in UVR, thereby contributing to theoretical advancements and practical strategies for UVR.

Following the trait activation theory, this study aims to shed light on the influence of tourists’ personality traits on their value co-destruction (VCD) behavior in “revenge tourism”, considering the moderating effect of perceived risk as the environment factor.

A pilot study (n = 204) was first conducted to check the reliability of the measurement scale and remove inappropriate items. Thereafter, a convenience sampling method was used for data collection in the main survey among people (n = 330) who have at least one traveling experience after COVID-19 tourism restrictions have been terminated. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed for data analysis to testify the theoretical framework proposed.

Results of SEM analysis show that both resilience and altruism of tourists reduced their VCD behavior. What’s more, perceived risk has been found to moderate the relationship between altruism and VCD behavior. As perceived risk increased, the negative impact of altruism on VCD behavior would be weaken.

VCD have been recently emphasized as a key block to the development of tourism industry. This study examines VCD behavior following the trait activation theory. Results of the study can provide new insights on how to mitigate VCD, which would contribute to the preparation for future tourism crisis management, such as the next pandemic.

根据特质激活理论, 本研究旨在揭示游客人格特质及环境因素对“报复性旅游”中价值共毁行为的影响。

本研究先通过预调研检验测量量表的可靠性, 并删除不适当的项目。正式调研采用便利抽样法, 研究对象为COVID-19旅游限制终止后有过至少有一次旅行经历的人群, 共收到330份有效问卷。本研究采用验证性因子分析及结构方程模型进行数据分析, 对提出的理论模型进行验证。

SEM分析结果显示, 游客的弹性和利他主义都降低了他们的价值共毁行为。此外, 感知风险调节利他主义与价值共毁行为之间的关系。随着感知风险的增加, 利他主义对价值共毁行为的负面影响会减弱。

价值共毁是旅游业发展的一个重要障碍。本研究以特质激活理论为基础, 研究游客价值共毁行为。本研究可以为如何减少价值共毁行为提供有价值的建议, 有助于为未来的旅游危机管理做好准备, 如下一次大流行病。

Siguiendo la Teoría de la Activación del Rasgo, el estudio tiene como objetivo arrojar luz sobre la influencia de los rasgos de la personalidad de los turistas en su comportamiento de codestrucción de valor en el “turismo de venganza”, considerando el efecto moderador del riesgo percibido como el factor de entorno.

En primer lugar, se realizó un estudio piloto (n = 204) para comprobar la fiabilidad de la escala de medición y eliminar los ítems inadecuados. Posteriormente, se utilizó un método de muestreo de conveniencia para la recogida de datos de la encuesta principal entre personas (n = 330) que tuvieran, al menos, una experiencia de viaje tras la finalización de las restricciones turísticas derivadas del COVID-19. Para la evaluación del marco teórico propuesto se utilizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio y los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales.

Los resultados del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales muestran que tanto la resiliencia como el altruismo de los turistas redujeron su comportamiento de codestrucción de valor. Además, se ha comprobado que el riesgo percibido modera la relación entre el altruismo y el comportamiento de codestrucción de valor. A medida que aumenta el riesgo percibido se debilita el impacto negativo del altruismo en el comportamiento de codestrucción de valor.

Recientemente se ha destacado que la codestrucción de valor es un obstáculo clave para el desarrollo de la industria turística. Este estudio examina el comportamiento de codestrucción de valor siguiendo la Teoría de la Activación del Rasgo. Los resultados del estudio pueden proporcionar nuevos conocimientos sobre cómo mitigar la codestrucción de valor, lo que contribuiría a la preparación de la gestión de futuras crisis turísticas, como la próxima pandemia.

The concept of “participation” has become a buzzword in contemporary public governance models. However, despite the broad and significant interest, defining participation remains a debated topic. The aim of the current study was to explore how participants perceived and interpreted the meaning and scope of participation.

This study is part of a four-year (2019–2022) longitudinal research project investigating stakeholder participation in the context of developing and establishing a strategic regional plan in Region Skåne in southern Sweden. The research project has a qualitative approach and uses interviews with different stakeholder groups such as municipal politicians and public officials and a survey as empirical material.

The authors developed a participation spectrum including eight types of participation: to be open, to be informed, to be listened to, to discuss, to be consulted, to give and take, to collaborate and to co-create. The authors also identified four different purposes of participation: creating a joint network, creating a joint understanding, creating a joint effort and creating a joint vision. The spectrum and the purposes were related through four characteristics of participation, i.e. involvement, interaction, influence and empowerment.

The study rests on a single case, and so the results have limited transferatibility.

Researching participation in terms of the participants' perceptions contributes a new perspective to the existing literature, which has commonly focussed on the organizers' perceptions of participation. Moreover, in order to clarify what participation meant to the participants, the study puts emphasis on untangling this from the why question of participation.

Previous research acknowledges the importance of stakeholders for destination branding. However, there is a lack of studies examining which specific online user discourses are triggered by stakeholder responses to destination brand communication. To address this gap, the purpose of this study is to analyze online user discourses initiated by stakeholder’s reactions to a destination image video and thus enhance knowledge on brand communication and management.

The authors investigated 2,187 online comments to 19 medial stakeholder reactions to a destination management organization (DMO) image video both by running a manual as well as a software-based content analysis. The explorative empirical study identifies seven major categories reflecting online user discourses triggered by stakeholder reactions to destination brand communication.

The explorative study indicates that stakeholder reactions to destination brand communication trigger online comments evolving within both the inner and outer tourism system. The discourse subjects, in turn, reflect both user-generated content of brand cocreation and brand codestruction. The findings expand literature in that previous studies on brand cocreation mainly refer to service encounters.

By identifying which online user discourses are triggered by stakeholder reactions to DMO brand communication, the authors provide managerial implications. Specifically, the authors suggest guidelines for all stages of destination communication campaigns to support online user discourses reflecting brand value cocreation and preventing brand value codestruction.

The study responds to a lack of research on online user discourses initiated by stakeholder reactions to DMO brand communication. Contrary to previous studies, the authors identify specific online user discourses relating not only to the inner but also to the outer tourism interest system. Revealed discourses, in turn, reflect brand cocreation and brand codestruction.

先前的研究确认了利益相关者对于目的地品牌塑造的重要性。然而, 目前缺乏研究探讨利益相关者对目的地品牌传播的反应, 会引发哪些特定的线上使用者论述。针对这个缺口, 本研究分析由利益相关者对目的地形象影片的反应所引发的线上使用者论述, 进而增进品牌传播与管理的知识。

作者通过手动和软件内容分析, 调查了 2,187 条在线评论, 涉及 19 个媒体利益相关者对目的地管理组织形象视频的反应。这项探索性实证研究确定了七个主要类别, 反映了利益相关者对目的地品牌传播的反应所引发的在线用户讨论。

本探索性研究表明, 利益相关者对目的地品牌传播的反应, 引发了在旅游系统内部和外部演变的在线评论。话语主体反过来反映了用户生成的品牌共创和品牌共建内容。 以往关于品牌共创的研究主要涉及服务接触, 而我们的研究结果拓展了这一研究领域。

通过确定利益相关者对目的地管理组织品牌传播的反应引发的在线用户话语, 我们提供了管理方面的启示。具体来说, 我们为目的地传播活动的各个阶段提出了指导方针, 以支持反映品牌价值共创和防止品牌价值共毁的在线用户话语。

我们的研究回应了由利益相关者对目的地管理组织品牌传播的反应所引发的线上使用者论述研究的缺乏。与先前的研究相反, 我们发现特定的线上使用者论述不仅与内部旅游利益体系有关, 也与其外部有关。所揭示的论述反过来反映了品牌共创和品牌共建。

Investigaciones anteriores reconocen la importancia de las partes interesadas en la creación de marcas de destino. Sin embargo, faltan estudios que examinen si los discursos específicos de los usuarios en línea son desencadenados por las respuestas de las partes interesadas a la comunicación de la marca de destino. Para colmar esta laguna, el presente estudio analiza los discursos de los usuarios en línea iniciados por las reacciones de los grupos de interés a un vídeo de imagen de un destino, mejorando con esto los conocimientos sobre comunicación y gestión de marcas.

Los autores investigan 2.187 comentarios en línea a 19 reacciones de grupos de interés mediáticos a un vídeo de la imagen de una OMD mediante un análisis de contenido tanto manual como basado en software. El estudio empírico explorativo identifica siete categorías principales que reflejan los discursos de los usuarios en línea desencadenados por las reacciones de las partes interesadas a la comunicación de la marca de destino.

El estudio exploratorio indica que las reacciones de las partes interesadas a la comunicación de la marca del destino desencadenan comentarios en línea que evolucionan dentro del sistema turístico interno y externo. A su vez, los temas del discurso reflejan tanto el contenido generado por los usuarios como la cocreación y la codestrucción de la marca. Nuestros hallazgos amplían la literatura en el sentido de que los estudios anteriores sobre cocreación de marcas se refieren principalmente a encuentros de servicios.

Al identificar qué discursos en línea de los usuarios desencadenan las reacciones de las partes interesadas a la comunicación de marca de los OMD, aportamos implicaciones para la gestión. En concreto, sugerimos directrices para todas las fases de las campañas de comunicación de los destinos, con el fin de apoyar los discursos en línea de los usuarios que reflejan la cocreación del valor de la marca y evitar la codestrucción de dicho valor.

Nuestro estudio responde a la falta de investigación sobre los discursos en línea de los usuarios iniciados por las reacciones de las partes interesadas a la comunicación de marca de las OMD. A diferencia de estudios anteriores, identificamos discursos específicos de usuarios en línea relacionados no sólo con el sistema de intereses turísticos interno, sino también con el externo. Los discursos revelados reflejan a su vez la cocreación y la codestrucción de la marca.

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the marketing and communication activities carried out by small management consulting firms and how they relate to customers.

After the framing of the literature on the subject, the study is based on the results of a survey carried out through an online questionnaire. The sample under investigation is represented by 914 small consulting firms located in central Italy.

Results show that half of the sample carried out marketing and communication activities, mainly through the website and social media, while others participating in events as speakers at conferences. It also emerges that management consulting firms carry out activities aimed at maintaining relationship with customers even if they do not invest time in market research in order to find potential and new clients.

The study suggests that management consulting firms should adopt a systematic and strategic approach to communication and should develop a complete and integrated digital communication strategy, as well as to rethink the consulting business model.

There are no previous studies that provide insight into the everyday practice of marketing and communication of small management consulting services in today's dynamic and changing economic environment.

The purpose of this review is to provide a conceptual framework of consumer engagement behavior in the value co-creation process of healthcare services, and further understand the current knowledge maps and advances.

Specifically, the scoping review methodology is used to synthesize the extant findings. The authors first develop the inclusion/exclusion criteria to evaluate the source material for the review; then, the authors further conduct the literature refinement to select the final data sample. As such, the authors extract and analyze the information derived from these articles.

The authors found most related studies focus on exploring patients' engagement behavior in the value co-creation process, especially those with chronic disease; the findings also reveal that consumers are most likely to engage in the value co-creation process of healthcare services by seeking or sharing health information; also, consumers engagement behavior is mainly driven by individual, interactive, and technological factors; moreover, consumer engagement in the value co-creation of healthcare services are more likely to achieve positive health and behavioral outcomes.

The role of consumers has gradually shifted from that of passive recipients to that of active participants in the healthcare value co-creation process. Consumer engagement behavior is the key premise for the realization of healthcare value co-creation, and it has received increasing attention both academically and practically. By unearthing the conceptual framework of consumer engagement behavior in the value co-creation process of healthcare services, this study provides a systematic understanding and serves as a useful resource for future research and practice.

This paper looks at how stakeholders co-create value at mega-events from a service ecosystem perspective. Despite the growing interest, little is known about how value is co-created through such initiatives for individual stakeholders and the community.

Drawing on institutional and stakeholder theory, the study focuses on Cortina 2021, the World Ski Championships held in Italy in February 2021. It investigates how multiple actors co-create value within a service ecosystem through qualitative interviews with key stakeholders combined with the analysis of official documents and reports.

The research established that key stakeholders were willing to get involved with Cortina 2021 if they recognised the value which could be co-created. Such an ecosystem requires a focal organisation with a clear regulative and normative framework and a common cultural basis. The latter helped resilience in the extraordinary circumstances of Cortina 2021 and safeguarded long-term impacts, even though the expected short-term ones were compromised.

From a managerial point of view, the evidence from Cortina 2021 shows how a clear strategy with well-defined stakeholder engagement mechanisms can facilitate value co-creation in service ecosystems. Moreover, when regulative and normative elements are blurred because of an extraordinary circumstance, resource integration and value creation processes need to be entrusted to those cultural elements that characterise an ecosystem.

The study takes an ecosystemic approach to mega-events to explore value creation for the whole community at the macro level, not only at the individual or organisational level, even during a crisis, which greatly impaired the preparation and running of the event.

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine and address the historical gender biases within heritage tourism, particularly focusing on the marginalisation of women’s narratives, and subsequently, to advocate for a more inclusive and gender-neutral approach in both the interpretation and management of cultural and heritage tourism.

Rather than adhering strictly to one methodological tradition, the pragmatist framework for this study involves a cursory review of extant academic literature pertaining to the historical representation of women in heritage tourism. Since pragmatism acknowledges that theories are context-dependent, the review is coupled with a discerning reflection on our own extensive body of work spanning the last 15 years, particularly focusing on gender dynamics and women’s roles within the broader context of tourism studies.

Findings advocate for investigating the use of women’s histories to foster diversity in cultural heritage and heritage tourism; highlighting marginalised indigenous and migrant women; examining the impact of inclusivity changes on urban spatial practices; and advancing historical methodologies for non-Anglo women’s histories in heritage tourism.

The paper underscores a positive shift in the tourism academy towards recognising diversity in research and, in line with this, contributes to a prospective research agenda that advocates for the nuanced exploration of women’s histories in the promotion of diversity and inclusivity in cultural heritage and heritage tourism management.

本文旨在批判性地审视和解决遗产旅游中的历史性性别偏见, 尤其关注女性叙事的边缘化, 进而倡导在文化和遗产旅游的解释和管理中采用更具包容性和性别中立的方法。

本研究没有严格遵循一种方法论传统。本研究的实用主义框架涉及对现有学术文献的简要回顾, 这些文献与女性在遗产旅游中的历史表现有关。由于实用主义承认理论是依赖于具体情境的, 因此该综述结合了对我们过去15年广泛研究成果的敏锐反思, 特别关注旅游研究大背景下的性别动态和女性角色。

研究结果倡导利用女性历史来促进文化遗产和遗产旅游中的多样性; 强调被边缘化的土著和移民女性; 研究包容性变化对城市空间实践的影响; 并推进在遗产旅游中对非英裔女性历史的历史研究方法。

本文强调了旅游学术界在研究中逐渐认可多样性的积极转变, 并据此为未来的研究议程做出贡献, 提倡在文化遗产和遗产旅游管理中通过详细探讨女性历史来促进多样性和包容性。

El objetivo de este artículo es examinar y abordar críticamente los sesgos históricos de género en el turismo patrimonial, en particular centrándose en la marginación de las narrativas de las mujeres y, posteriormente, abogando por un enfoque más inclusivo y neutro desde el punto de vista del género, tanto en la interpretación como en la gestión del turismo cultural y patrimonial.

En lugar de adherirse estrictamente a una tradición metodológica, el marco pragmatista de este estudio implica una revisión somera de la literatura académica existente sobre la representación histórica de las mujeres en el turismo patrimonial. Dado que el pragmatismo reconoce que las teorías dependen del contexto, la revisión se complementa con una reflexión perspicaz sobre nuestro extenso corpus de trabajo de los últimos 15 años, centrándose particularmente en la dinámica de género y en los roles de las mujeres en el contexto más amplio de los estudios de turismo.

Las conclusiones abogan por investigar el uso de las historias de mujeres para fomentar la diversidad en el patrimonio cultural y el turismo patrimonial; poner de relieve a las mujeres indígenas y migrantes marginadas; examinar el impacto de los cambios inclusivos en las prácticas espaciales urbanas; y avanzar en las metodologías históricas para las historias de mujeres no anglosajonas en el turismo patrimonial.

Este artículo subraya un cambio positivo en la academia de turismo hacia el reconocimiento de la diversidad en la investigación y, en consonancia con ello, contribuye a una agenda de investigación prospectiva que aboga por la exploración matizada de las historias de las mujeres en la promoción de la diversidad y la inclusión en la gestión del patrimonio cultural y del turismo patrimonial.

The purpose of this transformative service research (TSR) is to apply, innovate on and extend the understanding of service-dominant logic (SDL) perspectives, sustainable service ecosystem design ideas, transformative value and meeting sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study explores these through volunteers’ lived experiences and their perceived health and well-being outcomes in the context of botanic gardens as health-care service settings.

A total of 3 UK botanic gardens and 84 volunteers between 22 and 87 years of age participated in this qualitative study. Volunteering stories were collected through emails, telephone exchanges, online and in-person interviews, free-flowing discussion and field observations. These were coded and analysed by using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software, NVivo 14 Plus and Leximancer. Thematic analysis facilitated the mapping of well-being outcomes highlighting transformative value against existing health and well-being indices.

Insights extend knowledge into SDL, TSR and transformative value experienced by volunteers across three UK botanic garden service ecosystems. Environmental, organisational and personal factors, and physical, mental and social health outcomes are presented to emphasise transformative value experienced, especially in retiree volunteers. Theoretical contribution is in the form of empirical evidence to support and extend insights about transformative value and more so, significant epistemological change and meeting SDGs in botanic gardens. Results add to contemporary TSR on health-care-related well-being outcomes and ideas regarding sustainable service ecosystem design.

It is recommended that service research be extended across other botanic gardens, as well as other novel underexplored contexts for comparative studies of transformative value. Continued development and consideration of service designs as ongoing efforts to redefine and reimagine services marketing innovation for botanic gardens are recommended. Botanic gardens are complex service ecosystems worthy of rigorous service research to capture and measure the impact and outcome of ongoing work of the sector in advancing SDGs and having a transformative effect on individual and societal health and well-being.

This study highlights opportunities for greater area-based, coordinated, collaborative, multi-stakeholder services marketing partnerships for strategic sustainable service ecosystem design for the botanic gardens and health-care sectors. These sectors can make better use of service research and marketing to further innovate and co-develop health and well-being strategies, campaigns and opportunities to develop services to transform and influence positive health and well-being outcomes for people. Results reveal greater opportunities for collaborative partnership and services marketing’s role and practice for the ongoing vitality and viability of botanic gardens. Joint efforts would enable innovation on sustainable service ecosystem design, advancing SDGs and improving life on planet Earth.

Transformative value linked to newfound life experiences and meaning to life after retiring with a range of factors, and health and well-being outcomes were prominent. Social connections to the wider community were present, revealing links to a range of people who may not have traditionally had contact with botanic garden heritage and their strategic efforts. Therefore, it is services marketing opportunities for botanic gardens that hold one key to greater transformative value, sustainability and greater influence and impact on individual and societal health and well-being.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first TSR on botanic gardens as health-care service settings, resulting in a conceptual framework on transformative value and well-being outcomes in meeting SDGs. It extends insights on SDL, sustainable service ecosystem design and roles of marketing for the common good. Botanic gardens are unique research institutes, highly acclaimed for research, conservation, education and displays of special botanical collections, as well as providing health care, among other impactful SDG opportunities. This can be made more explicit through ecosystemic thinking, service research and integrated services marketing of botanic garden’ roles and contributions worldwide.

Future service interactions are anticipated to use humanoid robots in a society that is shifting to a digitalized era. Currently, it is evident that many businesses are replacing service interactions with self-service technologies (SSTs). This movement creates substantial societal changes that researchers have not paid sufficient attention to comprehend. In this setting, the purpose of this study is to examine the social drivers that influence customer mobility toward co-creating value via SSTs. The study also seeks to discover variations in customers' willingness and capacity to adopt SSTs.

To fulfill the research aims, a qualitative technique was adopted, with semistructured interviews conducted with 25 SST users from varied demographic backgrounds. To recruit individuals for the study, a nonprobabilistic purposeful sampling technique was adopted, with the goal of employing information-rich instances. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

The study identified eight social drivers that are important in the customer transition toward co-creating value with SSTs. According to the study, SSTs are characterized as a social trend in which adoption is accepted (social norm) and modifies social connections in a new direction. Using SSTs has evolved into a socializing tool that gives people social acknowledgment. Some people see SSTs as social pressure, putting them at a disadvantage if they do not adopt. People, on the other hand, acquire sufficient social support and independence to use SSTs. Customers were categorized into four groups depending on their willingness and ability to embrace SSTs: trendsetters, dreamers, old-fashioned and stragglers.

In practice, service providers can use this knowledge to successfully promote their SSTs and create enhanced client experiences through technological interfaces.

The study adds new knowledge by identifying social determinants in customer shifts toward SSTs, a phenomenon that has not been studied previously, and it adds to marketing theory by proposing a typology to group customers based on their ability and willingness to embrace SSTs.