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1 – 10 of over 13000Chern‐Sheng Lin, Kuo‐Chun Wu, Yun‐Long Lay, Chi‐Chin Lin and Jim‐Min Lin
The purpose of this paper is to propose an automatic pattern matching template generating method for the automatic optical inspection system in TFT LCD assembly and positioning…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an automatic pattern matching template generating method for the automatic optical inspection system in TFT LCD assembly and positioning process, to improve the conventional image technology. Besides, focusing on integrating the image system with the existing control system, the double aligner mark searching time is decreased to reduce the working time of the integrated system.
Design/methodology/approach
The improved pattern matching method of genetic algorithm was adopted, including setting for template image selecting, encoding, calculating fitness function, pattern matching, template generating and genetic algorithm steps. The predetermined pixels were selected from the target template based on the minimum difference to the block image to be tested by utilizing the genetic algorithm, and the other pixels which have not been selected were neglected.
Findings
The selected pixels were encoded for recording by sequence mode, and then the target template and the image to be tested were compared based on the calculated fitness function. This method has the advantages of using the fitness function to reduce the searching time, with the help of genetic algorithm to find the optimal target template, and saving memory space by recording target template based on the sequence mode.
Research limitations/implications
The genetic algorithm used in this study is a kind of optimal tool free from gradient data. As long as the fitness function and after continuous iteration are determined, the optimal solution can be found out, and then the optimal target template can be generated.
Practical implications
This system uses fitness function to reduce the pattern matching time. Plural pixels are preset inside the target template, and its fitness function value is calculated. When the target template is compared with the image to be tested, only the fitness function value (also the difference of the plural pixels) is calculated and compared.
Originality/value
The remaining pixels are neglected, so that the searching time can be reduced greatly. The sequence mode is used to save the required memory space for recording target template. Since sequence mode is adopted to record the information of selected pixels, lots of required memory space for recording target template information will be saved.
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Ziqi Chai, Chao Liu and Zhenhua Xiong
Template matching is one of the most suitable choices for full six degrees of freedom pose estimation in many practical industrial applications. However, the increasing number of…
Abstract
Purpose
Template matching is one of the most suitable choices for full six degrees of freedom pose estimation in many practical industrial applications. However, the increasing number of templates while dealing with a wide range of viewpoint changes results in a long runtime, which may not meet the real-time requirements. This paper aims to improve matching efficiency while maintaining sample resolution and matching accuracy.
Design/methodology/approach
A multi-pyramid-based hierarchical template matching strategy is proposed. Three pyramids are established at the sphere subdivision, radius and in-plane rotation levels during the offline template render stage. Then, a hierarchical template matching is performed from the highest to the lowest level in each pyramid, narrowing the global search space and expanding the local search space. The initial search parameters at the top level can be determined by the preprocessing of the YOLOv3 object detection network to further improve real-time performance.
Findings
Experimental results show that this matching strategy takes only 100 ms under 100k templates without loss of accuracy, promising for real industrial applications. The authors further validated the approach by applying it to a real robot grasping task.
Originality/value
The matching framework in this paper improves the template matching efficiency by two orders of magnitude and is validated using a common template definition and viewpoint sampling methods. In addition, it can be easily adapted to other template definitions and viewpoint sampling methods.
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Abstract
Purpose
Statistical modeling has been successfully applied to integrated circuit (IC) solder joint inspection. However, there are some inherent problems in previous statistical modeling methods. This paper aims to propose an adaptive statistical modeling method to further improve the inspection performance for IC solder joints.
Design/methodology/approach
First, different pixels in the IC solder joint image were modeled by different templates, each of which was composed of the hue value of the pixel and a proposed template significance factor. Then, the potential defect image was obtained by adaptive template matching and the potential defect threshold for each pixel. It was noted that the number of templates, matching distance threshold, potential defect threshold and updating rate were adaptively updated during model training. Finally, the trained statistical model was used to inspect the IC solder joints by means of defect degree.
Findings
Experimental results indicated that the proposed adaptive schemes greatly contributed to the inspection performance of statistical modeling. Also, the proposed inspection method achieved better performance compared with some state-of-the-art inspection methods.
Originality/value
The proposed method offers a promising approach for IC solder joint inspection, which establishes different numbers of templates constructed by pixel values and template significance factors for different pixels. Also, some important parameters were adaptively updated with the updating of the model, which contributed to the inspection performance of the model.
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The purpose of this study is to examine teaching intent of information literacy threshold concepts via asynchronous reference transactions. Instructional content in academic…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine teaching intent of information literacy threshold concepts via asynchronous reference transactions. Instructional content in academic librarians’ replies to research requests are analyzed for and mapped to threshold concepts contained in the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) framework.
Design/methodology/approach
The author mapped the instructional content of a research request reply template to the content of the ACRL framework, then took a random sample of research requests using the template during the calendar year 2016. Additional instructional content provided in the sample replies was also mapped to the framework.
Findings
In providing written instruction for students to create searches from keywords and search subject-specific databases, every frame is at least partially addressed in the template except Scholarship as Conversation. However, individual librarians adapt the template to teach as needed and there are examples in this case study of teaching aspects of all six frames asynchronously.
Practical implications
This study provides support for librarians to teach the threshold concepts of the ACRL framework asynchronously at the point of need during virtual reference, and the effective use of a research reply template to accomplish this instruction.
Originality/value
Few recent studies examine instructional intent in asynchronous/email reference. This study examines teaching the ACRL framework via reference rather than instructional sessions. A portion of this research was presented as a poster at the 2017 ACRL Conference in Baltimore, Maryland.
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G. Clarke and L.W. Murray
Empirical research identifies the strategic power of corporate values in influencing the success of organizations. Presents qualitative research which elicits chairmen’s values…
Abstract
Empirical research identifies the strategic power of corporate values in influencing the success of organizations. Presents qualitative research which elicits chairmen’s values expressed through value maps. Presents two such maps, both of which were extracted from interview transcripts using an adapted version of means/end chains. The interviews with chairmen of investment trusts was considered to be valuable, as the past experience that these respondents bring to the values debate will enable a comprehensive value mapping exercise to be meaningful and to inform further quantitative studies which can verify the frequency/importance of the corporate values identified. The findings do corroborate some of the values identified in previous research. More importantly, uses the maps to identify corporate value templates based on template themes, constructs, articulation and consensus. Templates are a core component in visualizing frames of reference. Frames of reference are an important consideration in the context of corporate values as they identify the focus of the organization’s leadership.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed, theoretical underpinning for the training and performance improvement method: performance template (P‐T). The efficacy of P‐T…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed, theoretical underpinning for the training and performance improvement method: performance template (P‐T). The efficacy of P‐T, with limitations, has been demonstrated in this journal and in others. However, the theoretical bases of the P‐T approach had not been well‐developed. The other purposes of this paper are to: explain the features and functions of the P‐T and to highlight the action theory of Frese as the theory supports P‐T and offers trainers some information regarding the regulation of feedback and learning. This paper adds to the procedures and practices of human resource development.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach in this paper is to explain how a training and development partnership among trainers, managers, and employees is forged so as to create P‐T for use in the field. The main aspect of the methodology was to attempt to map the elements of action theory onto the specific steps (phases) of the P‐T approach. This mapping activity was achieved.
Findings
The key findings in this study is that action theory offers a hierarchical and reasonably complete explanation of how learning occurs and how individuals regulate what they know. As explained in this paper action theory provides a map of the cognitive elements in the training model employed.
Practical implications
Assuming that the P‐T approach has value, it is important to demonstrate how theory helps to ground the approach. In this paper, action theory has been used to offer a substantial foundation for the P‐T approach. In addition, action theory helps trainers to examine learning, feedback, and regulation of performance in a comprehensive manner.
Originality/value
Action theory offers several features that help explain the regulation of learning and behavior, yet the theory has received very little attention in formal literatures. Value: the template approach adds to our repertoire of training methods. This paper helps to better explain the approach and it offers useful theories to support practice.
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Sabrina Bresciani and Alice Comi
The use of visual templates has proven instrumental in supporting group meetings. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether visual templates enable culturally diverse groups…
Abstract
Purpose
The use of visual templates has proven instrumental in supporting group meetings. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether visual templates enable culturally diverse groups to achieve greater task precision in face-to-face meetings.
Design/methodology/approach
Building on Adaptive Structuration Theory, it is argued that visual templates provide structuration for face-to-face meetings, even more so when they are embedded in computer-supported collaborative systems. In particular, it is hypothesized that the higher the degree of structuration imposed by visual templates, the higher the degree of task precision will be. It is also hypothesized that this relationship is positively moderated by group cultural diversity: higher cultural diversity will further sustain the positive effects of visual templates that provide higher structuration.
Findings
Results of an experiment with 229 managers from 49 countries confirm that facilitating groups with visual templates embedded in a computer-supported collaborative system significantly increases task precision at high levels of cultural diversity.
Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) by investigating the use of visual templates as a contingency factor that increases performance – specifically task precision – of co-located, culturally diverse groups.
Practical implications
Results indicate that visual templates embedded in a computer-supported collaborative system are an effective method for increasing task precision in face-to-face meetings of culturally diverse groups.
Originality/value
Theories from information systems and visualization are integrated into cross-cultural management with a view to sustaining the effectiveness of culturally diverse groups. The study sample is characterized by highly culturally diverse groups interacting in face-to-face meetings.
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An integral part of declarative process modelling is to guarantee that the execution of a declarative workflow is compliant with the respective business rules. The purpose of this…
Abstract
Purpose
An integral part of declarative process modelling is to guarantee that the execution of a declarative workflow is compliant with the respective business rules. The purpose of this paper is to establish a formal framework for representing business rules and determining whether any business rules are violated during the executions of declarative process models.
Design/methodology/approach
In the approach, a business rule is phrased in terms of restricted English that is related to a constraint template. Linear temporal logic (LTL) is employed as a formalism for defining the set of constraint templates. By exploiting the theorem-proving feature of the Logics Workbench (LWB), business rule violations are then detected in an automatic manner.
Findings
This study explored the viability of encoding: first, process executions by means of LTL and second, business rules in terms of restricted English that built upon pattern-oriented templates and LTL. The LWB was used for carrying out temporal reasoning through automated techniques. The applicability of the formal verification approach was exemplified by a case study concerning supply chain management. The findings showed that practical reasoning could be achieved by combining declarative process modelling, restricted English, pattern-oriented templates, LTL and LWB.
Originality/value
First, new business rule templates are proposed; second, business rules are expressed in restricted English instead of graphical constructs; third, both finite execution trace and business rules are grounded in LTL. There is no need to deal with the semantic differences between different formalisms; and finally, the theorem prover LWB is used for the conformance checking of a finite execution trace against business rules.
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Robert Gaizauskas and Yorick Wilks
In this paper we give a synoptic view of the growth of the text processing technology of information extraction (IE) whose function is to extract information about a pre‐specified…
Abstract
In this paper we give a synoptic view of the growth of the text processing technology of information extraction (IE) whose function is to extract information about a pre‐specified set of entities, relations or events from natural language texts and to record this information in structured representations called templates. Here we describe the nature of the IE task, review the history of the area from its origins in AI work in the 1960s and 70s till the present, discuss the techniques being used to carry out the task, describe application areas where IE systems are or are about to be at work, and conclude with a discussion of the challenges facing the area. What emerges is a picture of an exciting new text processing technology with a host of new applications, both on its own and in conjunction with other technologies, such as information retrieval, machine translation and data mining.
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There are three purposes to this article: first, to offer a training approach to employee learning and performance improvement that makes use of a step‐by‐step process of…
Abstract
Purpose
There are three purposes to this article: first, to offer a training approach to employee learning and performance improvement that makes use of a step‐by‐step process of skill/knowledge creation. The process offers follow‐up opportunities for skill maintenance and improvement; second, to explain the conceptual bases of the approach; and third, to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach as it is applied in the field.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology consists of two major features: the explication of how the template approach is applied, in general; and then the performance of two groups of employees is compared following training. One group was trained in the template approach while the other group was trained using more traditional methods. Conventional performance measures were used to assess group differences.
Findings
Following training the two employee groups were compared. The hypotheses stated that there would be no differences in performance on these measures: gross sales attained; manager rating of employee performance; and customer satisfaction with regard to sales representative's; product knowledge; helpfulness in the business context; and overall performance. Significant differences were noted for manager rating, product knowledge, and overall performance.
Research limitations/implications
This study was exploratory in nature with a limited range of performance measures. The sample sizes were not large. The use of different pairs of trainers for the sub‐samples helps to dampen trainer bias but helps create differences in training conditions that could influence employee learning and performance.
Practical implications
Study results demonstrate that the training approach has merit and warrants further study. The study depicts how a partnership among trainers, managers, and employees can lead to successful training outcomes.
Originality/value
The training approach has substantial implications for management development regarding learning and change. The template approach adds to the repertoire of training methods. It also helps to reinforce the growing body of research that bases learning and performance improvement on script‐based methods.
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