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The purpose of this paper is to explore different tagging behaviours between Chinese and Americans by analysing the movie tags, and explore the feasibility of applying cultural differences to tag recommendations.

This paper introduced hypotheses based on several well-established psychological theories and tested them with social tags for the same movies generated by Chinese and Americans. And to prove the utility of the cultural factor consideration, this paper conducted a cross-cultural tag recommendation experiment.

The results show that compared with Americans, Chinese users tend to add more tags about movies’ background information (e.g. release year) and global contextual characteristics (e.g. genre); they also prefer to add tags about production countries and factual tags, and cultural factors can be applied for recommending more accurate tags.

Other reasons for tagging differences beyond cultural factors have not be explored. Tags for some sample movies in MovieLens might be unstable, as they had been tagged by a small scale of users; as a result, the tags’ type distribution might be influenced.

The results and conclusion of this study will be beneficial for the cross-cultural applications of social tags and mining users’ interests based on tags.

This paper provided a deeper investigation of the cross-cultural effect in people’s social tagging behaviours from cognitive perspective, and an empirical analysis has been performed to explore proper approaches of incorporating cultural differences for tag recommendation.

Effective construction safety training has been considered to play a significant role in reducing the incidence of accidents. However, the current safety training methods pay less attention to the relationship between workers' personalized characteristics and their learning needs, which results in workers' low learning participation and poor training effect. The purpose of this paper is to improve the participation and effect of safety training for construction workers with a persona-based approach.

This paper presents a persona-based approach to safety tag generation and training material recommendation. By extracting the demographic characteristics and behavior patterns tags of construction workers, a neural network algorithm is introduced to calculate the learning needs tags of workers, and the collaborative filtering recommendation method is integrated to enrich the innovation of recommendation results. Offline experiments and online experiments are designed to verify the rationality of the proposed method.

The results show that the learning needs of workers are closely related to their background. The proposed method can effectively improve workers' interest in materials and the training effect compared with conventional safety training methods. The research provides a theoretical and practical reference for promoting active safety management and achieving worker-centered safety management.

First, a persona-based approach is introduced to establish a novel framework for solving the problem of personalized construction safety management. Second, an artificial intelligence algorithm is used to automatically extract the learning needs tag values and design a hybrid recommendation method for construction workers' personalized safety training. The collaborative filtering method is integrated to enrich the innovation of recommendation results.

Suggested tag was considered as one of the critical factors affecting a user’s tagging behaviour. However, compared to the findings on the suggested tags for the monolingual environment, it still lacks focused studies on the tag suggestions for cross-language information. Therefore, this paper aims to concern with annotation behaviour and psychological cognition in the cross-language environment when suggested tags are provided.

A cross-language tagging experiment was conducted to explore the impact of suggested tags on the tagging results and process. The descriptive statistics of tags, the sources and semantic relations of tags, as well as the user’s psychological cognition were all measured in the test.

The experimental results demonstrated that the multilingual suggested tags could bring some costs to a user’s tagging perception. Furthermore, the language factor of suggested tags led to different paths of tagging imitation (reflected by longer semantic mapping and imitation at the visual level) and different cognitive processes (topic extraction and inference process).

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to emphasize the effect of suggested tags during multilingual tagging. The findings will enrich the theories of user-information interaction in the cross-language environment and, in turn, provide practical implications for tag-based information system design.

This article describes the third part of a three-stage study investigating the information behaviour of fans and fan communities, the first stage of which is described in the study by Price and Robinson (2017).

Using tag analysis as a method, a comparative case study was undertaken to explore three aspects of fan information behaviour: information gatekeeping; classifying and tagging and entrepreneurship and economic activity. The case studies took place on three sites used by fans–Tumblr, Archive of Our Own (AO3) and Etsy. Supplementary semi-structured interviews with site users were used to augment the findings with qualitative data.

These showed that fans used tags in a variety of ways quite apart from classification purposes. These included tags being used on Tumblr as meta-commentary and a means of dialogue between users, as well as expressors of emotion and affect towards posts. On AO3 in particular, fans had developed a practice called “tag wrangling” to mitigate the inherent “messiness” of tagging. Evidence was also found of a “hybrid market economy” on Etsy fan stores. From the study findings, a taxonomy of fan-related tags was developed.

Findings are limited to the tagging practices on only three sites used by fans during Spring 2016, and further research on other similar sites are recommended. Longitudinal studies of these sites would be beneficial in understanding how or whether tagging practices change over time. Testing of the fan-tag taxonomy developed in this paper is also recommended.

This research develops a method for using tag analysis to describe information behaviour. It also develops a fan-tag taxonomy, which may be used in future research on the tagging practices of fans, which heretofore have been a little-studied section of serious leisure information users.

Based on the study of overall situation of the tagging function in the provincial public libraries and library of major colleges and universities, this paper aims to examine the difference of tagging behaviour of its users in library and social community sites. The authors also want to understand the causes of a variety of annotation behavior in social community sites and libraries.

The authors collected all system log data of tags, comments and ratings users added in Wuhan University library, and then found the tags, comments and rating of corresponding books in Douban. Then, the authors did questionnaire survey to the Wuhan University students.

The authors found that the annotation service in the library is not perfect as that in social community site. Enthusiasm of users annotating books in the library is far less high than that on the social community sites. Lack of understanding of the annotation service is the main reason why users are not concerned or do not use the tagging service. But users have the needs of the organization of personal information in the library using tags.

This paper investigated the library users’ behavior in the using library OPAC course and compared the difference of annotation behavior between library and social community site.

This paper addresses the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance as a potential mechanism for reducing firms' likelihood of engaging in tax aggressiveness (TAG). The paper also contributes to the existing literature by addressing the moderating effect of national cultures on the link between CSR performance and corporate TAG.

The focus is placed on an unbalanced panel of 2,696 companies distributed in 30 countries and seven economic sectors over the period of 2002–2014.

The results provide support for those companies achieving high corporate social performance (CSP), corporate environmental performance (CEP) and corporate governance performance (CGP) being less likely to engage in aggressive tax practices. Finally, the results identify some national cultural dimensions moderating the link between disaggregated measures of CSR performance and firms' TAG.

The difficulty of accessing CSR and TAG data for non-listed companies could bias the data set towards a compliant company profile because of the higher visibility. In addition, the use of effective tax rates to examine firms' TAG should be interpreted with some caution.

The paper's findings provide unique and useful information for company stakeholders and managers aiming to address the factors that enhance firms' incentives to engage in aggressive tax practices.

This paper addresses the multidimensional nature of CSR performance by analysing the links between CSP, CEP and CGP and corporations' TAG. Furthermore, the research addresses the way in which national culture moderates the links between disaggregated measures of CSR performance and corporate TAG.

With the rise of social media, online tipping has developed markedly in recent years. Drawing on emotional accounting, this research examined the effects of pride-tagged money (PTM) and surprise-tagged money (STM) on online tipping. It examined the mediating role of self-inflation and the moderating role of the perceived importance of money in the proposed relationship.

Five experimental studies were conducted to test the hypotheses using ANOVA, SmartPLS3 and bootstrap analyses.

The results reveal that pride-tagged (vs surprise-tagged) money leads to higher self-inflation, which leads to an increased willingness to engage in online tipping. It illustrates that when the perceived importance of money is low, PTM results in a higher willingness to engage in online tipping than STM. However, when the perceived importance of money is high, the effect of PTM (vs STM) on the willingness to conduct online tipping is attenuated, and no significant difference exists in the willingness to engage in online tipping between people with PTM and those with STM. In addition, it shows that PTM (vs STM) leads to a higher amount of online tipping, and self-inflation mediates the proposed relationship.

Practically, web-based marketing managers should design programs (e.g. content that encourages users to feel pride in their achievements) that cause users to emotionally tag their money with pride as a means of increasing their willingness to engage in online tipping and to increase the amount of such tipping.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of how different sources of money influence online tipping.

In the era of social media, users all over the world annotate books with social tags to express their preferences and interests. The purpose of this paper is to explore different tagging behaviours by analysing the book tags in different languages.

This investigation collected nearly 56,000 tags of 1,200 books from one Chinese and two English online bookmarking systems; it combined content analysis and machine-processing methods to evaluate the similarities and differences between different tagging systems from a cross-lingual perspective. Jaccard’s coefficient was adopted to evaluate the similarity level.

The results show that the similarity between mono-lingual tags of the same books is higher than that of cross-lingual tags in different systems and the similarity between tags of books written for specialties is higher than that of books written for the general public.

Those who have more in common annotate books with more similar tags. The similarity between users in tagging systems determines the similarity of the tag sets.

The results and conclusion of this study will benefit users’ cross-lingual information retrieval and cross-lingual book recommendation for online bookmarking systems.

This study may be one of the first to compare cross-lingual tags. Its methodology can be applied to tag comparison between any two languages. The insights of this study will help develop cross-lingual tagging systems and improve information retrieval.

Social library systems are Web 2.0 sites where users discover interesting books, movies, and music, etc., collect these resources to their personal libraries, and share their collections with others. The purpose of this study is to identify the information seeking modes adopted by users in this context as well as to reveal the characteristics of the users who are dominated by each mode.

An online survey was conducted to capture the background and behavior data of regular users from Douban, the most influential Chinese‐language social library system. The “friend‐of‐a‐friend” recruitment technique resulted in a total of 129 responses, 112 of which were valid and analyzed to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics.

Searching, browsing, encountering, and monitoring are the four major information seeking modes adopted by social library system users. The majority of the users tend to combine two or more modes, but each user has a dominating one that helps define him/her as a searcher, browser, encounterer, or monitor. While searching is the most widely adopted mode, browsers are the most prevalent type of information seekers. Different information seekers do not demonstrate significantly different characteristics by and large, however with some exceptions.

This study is one of the first to investigate how users look for resources in social library systems, a problem neglected by previous studies mostly focusing on how users organize and tag resources. The research findings enrich our understanding of social library systems as diverse and dynamic information seeking environments. This in turn will provide useful implications for their interface design to more effectively address the needs and expectations of special types of information seekers.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the personalised and social characteristics of open knowledge management in higher education based on social tagging in the Web 2.0 environment.

Through the function of annotation in social tagging, the paper analyses its personalised characteristics of recognising the preferences of participants, and its personalised‐social characteristics of enriching content from all kinds of aspects; through the function of association of social tagging, it analyses its social characteristics of social networking, and its social‐personalised characteristics of collaborative acquisition or recommendation.

In the process of online information and open knowledge organisation and acquisition based on the annotation function of social tagging in the Web 2.0 environment, the personalised participation of individuals will lead to social results for everyone; however, in the process of online information and open knowledge creation and sharing based on the association function of social tagging, social and collaborative sharing among participants will help with personalised knowledge allocation.

In open knowledge management in higher education, the characteristics of personalisation and sociability based on social tagging will help to personalise the organisation and acquisition of knowledge, and help with social creation and sharing of knowledge.