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This chapter proposes to understand the prospects of smart technologies that can transform tourism destinations and instigate regenerative development process. Bio-based resource consumption and technology-driven practices aimed for better sustainable development have been the need of the era. This study emphasizes the theory of regenerative tourism, which attempts to preserve and improve a destination's natural and cultural resources while contributing to the socio-economic development of the host communities. It examines how transformational technologies, like smart infrastructure, big data analytics and renewable energy systems, could assist the tourism industry achieve the transition to a green economy. This chapter illustrates the benefits and problems of integrating such technologies into the tourism infrastructure of a destination. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of cooperation among stakeholders and policymakers and examines the possible environmental, social and economic implications of using a regenerative approach to tourism. The results of this study contribute to the expanding body of knowledge on the development of sustainable tourism and shed light on the transformative potential of technology in creating a more sustainable and resilient future.

Internet of things (IoT) is the technology enabler in smart city adoption and creates circular economy (CE). The purpose of this chapter is to find out the relationship nexus between IoT, smart city and CE and its practical constraints in execution. This chapter elaborately maps the empirical evidence available in the literature survey of smart city development, information and communication technology (ICT) and CE. The contributions from outstanding scholars and current topics are analyzed using high citations index. The authors referred the topics with scholarly publishers and validated the data. Following that, significant technology subjects such as big data and analytics, as well as intelligent information systems, are individually examined. The findings are the challenges in implementing IoT and its interoperability capacity due to interlinking of different devices and systems. Another key challenger as well as drivers are data volume and quality, privacy, complexity and governance. The research can help policymakers, IT infrastructure provider, bureaucrats and all other concerned stakeholders to get sensitized on the implementation of IoT at smart city infrastructure. It also describes about the importance of collaboration and embracing open innovation (OI) while implementing IoT. This study is innovative in its approach and referred literature in the field of IoT, smart city, and CE by high citation index (HCI). It also researched about the various constraints in building CE through technology deployment and discusses about multilayer and multifunctional collaboration.

This study aims to provide a framework aligning corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives with sustainable development goals (SDGs) 2030, applying the triple bottom line (TBL) approach. The research examines and evaluates the reach of Maharatna Central Public Sector Enterprises’ (CPSE) CSR spending towards sustainability and maps them with SDGs focusing on economic, social and environmental aspects. In addition, state-wise spending for CSR of all eligible Indian companies has been discussed.

The study used secondary data related to CSR spending and disclosure from the annual reports and sustainability reports accessible on the official websites of CPSE, Global Reporting Initiative standards, CSR Guidelines of Department of Public Enterprises and Securities Exchange Board of India, Government of India’s National Guidelines on Responsible Business Conduct (NGRBC) (2018) research papers, financial dailies and websites. The study includes the CPSEs awarded with the status of Maharatna companies under the Guidelines of Maharatna Scheme for CPSEs.

The top CSR initiatives focused on by Maharatna companies were related to poverty, hunger, sanitation and well-being, promotion of education and contribution to the Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund. These initiatives aligned with the top SDGs related to life on land, education and health care, which proved responsible business leadership (RBL) through TBL. The alignment indicates that India is moving towards sustainable development achievements systematically.

The practical consequences can be understood through the CSR spending of Maharatna Public Sector Undertakings towards economic, social and environmental aspects. The spending demonstrates their commitment, which other public and private sector organizations can adopt.

The Government of India’s NGRBC’s guidelines towards inclusive growth and equitable development, addressing environmental concerns, and being responsive to all its stakeholders is a thorough indication of driving the business towards being more responsible. This research has developed a framework aligning CSR and SDG through the TBL approach, which other developing countries can adopt as a model.

There is dearth of research among public sector company’s contribution towards attaining SDGs and demonstrating RBL. This research fulfils this gap. Mapping CSR activities to SDG’s also has not been clearly carried out in previous research, which is a contribution of this study.

This research examines the role of women in shaping sustainable urban development in Gulf cities. It focuses on heritage preservation and urban regeneration, examining projects commissioned by women in Qatar and Bahrain, which are revitalizing heritage, creating gender-sensitive public spaces and implementing sustainable development. Furthermore, it questions the role of these projects to inspire the next generation of female designers and cultural influencers, while also introducing innovative approaches to sustainable design and heritage regeneration.

Presented at the Gulf Research Meeting in Cambridge as part of a workshop entitled “Women in the GCC Socio-economic Contributions to the Urbanisation of Gulf Countries” the paper proposes the framework of SDG11 (sustainable cities and communities) and the SDG5 (equity integration of women into the workforce) to discuss the status, challenges and aspirations for integrated future urbanization of desert cultures in the GCC and to achieve the desired net-zero urbanization in deserts and drylands that are part of Gulf countries’ strategic development plans. The methodology uses case studies in Qatar and Bahrain and examines them through the lens of the Sustainable Development Goals indicators (SDG 5–SDG 11). It begins by looking at the National context to examine how the SDGs 5 and 11 are being achieved, what indicators are being used and how both countries are scoring.

The preliminary research findings reveal that both Qatar and Bahrain are reporting on these SDGs that relate to Women and Urbanization, and that the two cases studies demonstrate that certain indicators on women’s empowerment and sustainability can be fulfilled and highlighted through these female led urban projects – Msheireb Downtown and the Muharraq Pearling Path. The projects also contribute to the education and training of young female architects through commissions, internships and seminars.

This is an exploratory research in an emerging field and can lead to further and deeper enquiries into how the SDGs 5 and 11 are being implemented and reported on in Gulf countries, as well as how women in leadership, urban policy and design can contribute to more sustainable, inclusive and female friendly cities, as well to gender mainstreaming in urban design.

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)’s expenses in the health and social fields and the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) 1 (elimination of poverty) and 3 (good health and well-being). This paper also examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on these expenses and goals.

This paper observes the public expenses and the targets of the SDGs of KSA during 1981–2022. This paper tests the stationarity of the variables and then uses the ordinary least square model or the autoregressive distributed lag model, depending on the unit root test results. This paper also observes the change in target goals between the two years of the pandemic and the two preceding years.

The results show the influence of social expenditure on the progress of SDG-1, whereas the impact of health expenditure on SDG-3 is not significant. This paper also proves the impact of the pandemic on public expenses and social SDGs.

This paper attracts the attention of policymakers to the importance of assessing their SDG initiatives and the consequent outcomes. Additionally, this paper documents the initiatives for sustainable development in KSA, an important emerging country. Given the universal nature of the SDGs and the importance of KSA as an economic power with a large youth human capital potential, the findings offer insights applicable beyond KSA and provide valuable lessons for governments worldwide regarding the optimization of public spending for SDG achievement. Moreover, monitoring SDG advancement in this important country helps assess the progress of the the United Nations (UN)’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Therefore, This paper helps boost the completion of this agenda and contributes to the bottom-up approach of the UN 2030 Vision, implicating all categories of stakeholders, including the academic community.

This paper furthers the literature on SDG achievement by analyzing the relationship between public expenses and SDGs. This paper contributes to the debate concerning the best methodology suitable for SDG valuation and adds to the few studies using autoregressive tests. Moreover, this paper enriches the scarce studies dealing with emerging countries and reviews the assessment of SDGs in KSA. Additionally, this paper investigates the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the assigned resources for SDGs and, consequently, on the related indicator scores.

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) use indicators in an attempt to foster policy integration and coherence in order to achieve transformative societal change. But the SDGs, like their predecessor Millennium Goals, have not been entirely successful in this effort. Many studies have identified continuing challenges to integrating multiple goals in this way, linked to the complex patterns of interaction between the goals and the nature of the policy systems and subsystems in which they operate. This chapter builds on the policy design literature to argue that the main aim of the SDGs is to reconcile what are otherwise incoherent policy goals and inconsistent policy instruments in a process of policy integration. This process is made more complex in the case of this kind of “super-wicked” problem in which multiple actors face time constraints across multiple policy levels, sectors and venues. It identifies four different techniques for policy integration in such policy nexuses – policy harmonization, mainstreaming, coordination, and institutionalization – and assesses their possibilities for success in the SDG case against what is possible given the nature of the nexus and the capacity of governments to deal with it. The paper contributes to the current literature on policy integration, wicked problems, and the SDGs by further conceptualizing how integrative strategies can be better designed and implemented through capacity-building efforts aimed at developing coordinative relationships within conflict-ridden, multi-actor and multilevel cross-sectoral policy domains.

This study aims to analyse the positioning of young people in the face of the challenges posed by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It focuses on the case of Erasmus+ students at a Spanish university and tries to evaluate the importance of each of the SDGs for them.

Based on primary data obtained through a survey of more than 300 young people, factor analysis was applied to evaluate the importance assigned to each SDG and quantify the degree of concern assigned to each of them.

Results show a high degree of concern for all the SDGs among Erasmus students, although they have done so with different levels of intensity. College students especially value education. Women are more concerned about socioeconomic problems. Furthermore, surprising results have been found in terms of gender equality, which indicates the need to deepen this analysis.

This work contributes to the academic literature, still limited but growing, on how Erasmus students perceive the SDGs and to what level they feel committed to these objectives. Furthermore, it can be helpful for public policy managers regarding a specific group of young university students and a hot topic such as sustainability.

This contribution responds to the call of various researchers for a shift in Responsible Management Education (RME) to adopt a more human-centered and less organizational-centered approach. Service learning (SL) is introduced as a possibility to offer didactical opportunities for participants to connect real-world experiences to system thinking in various ways. We suggest an approach called a “Prism of Reflections” to pique participants' hermeneutical, technical, and emancipatory interests so they can delve deeply into local social and environmental issues and be able to connect them to broader global issues as encapsulated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We exemplify our method by demonstrating how students reflect on their experiences working at food banks, and how they relate to concerns of sustainability, poverty, and access to food. Our research suggests that this approach offers a way to situate organizational thinking and instrumental reasoning in a larger framework that considers the aims of hermeneutics, technical and emancipatory discourses. Our findings demonstrate that there are conflicts and dissonances when connecting intersubjective real-world perceptions to emancipatory interests and technical knowledge, particularly when it comes to challenges in the realm of food.

This paper aims to providea comprehensive review of the concepts and definitions of green finance, and the importance of “green” impact investments today. The core challenge in combating climate change is reducing and controlling greenhouse gas emissions; therefore, this study explores the solutions green finance provides emphasizing their impact on the environment and firms' financial performance. With increasing attention to the concept of green finance, multiple forms of green financial tools have come to fruition; the most prominent are green bonds.

This paper compiles a comprehensive green bond dataset, presenting a statistical study of the evolution of the green bonds market from its first appearance in 2006 until 2021.

The green bond market has seen massive growth over the years reaching $1651.92bn as of 2021. Findings show that green bonds are working towards shifting from high carbon-emitting energy to renewable energy, which is vital to economic development and growth. In congruence, green bonds are aligned with the United Nation's sustainable development goals (SDGs) amounting to $550bn for 2020, with the five most covered SDGs amounting to over 60%.

With growing worldwide concern for global warming, green finance became the fuel that pushes the world to act in combating and mitigating climate change. Coupled with adopting the Paris Agreement and the SDGs, Green finance became a vital tool in creating a pathway to sustainable development, as it connects the financial world with environmental and societal benefits.

The hotel customers are conscious of the deteriorating environmental conditions and demand for online immersions. Hotels lack an exciting shift in customer behavior for augmented customer re-patronage intention (CRPI) especially in developing countries. This study aims to apply customer-dominant service logic (CDSL) to comprehend customers’ life-sphere contributing to some of the vital United Nations sustainable development goals (UN SDGs). In this essence, CDSL grasps the impact of customer empowerment (CE) and environmental corporate social responsibility (Env CSR) on customer re-patronage intention (C-RPI) with the mediating and moderating effects in Pakistan’s four- and five-star hotels.

A deductive approach is followed in which an online survey of 400 hotel customers was conducted using purposive and snowball sampling techniques to understand the practice of C-RPI and UN SDGs.

This study reveals that executing the UN SDGs in the hotel industry eventually boosts CE and Env CSR, further enhancing online customer value cocreation (O-CVCC) resulting in C-RPI. Both CE and Env CSR gain a complimentary/partial mediation by O-CVCC on C-RPI is also reported. Moreover, sensation seeking moderates the relationship between CE and O-CVCC. Yet, customer commitment does not moderate the relationship between O-CVCC and C-RPI.

This study highlights that C-RPI (i.e. SDG 11) enhances when Env CSR is taken care of (i.e. SDG 13), customers are empowered (i.e. SDG 5 and SDG 17) and cocreated online (i.e. SDG 9). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first studies to empirically test the approaches in the hotel industry contributing to SDG 5, 9, 11, 13 and 17.

Los clientes de hoteles son conscientes de las condiciones ambientales deteriorantes y demandan inmersión en línea. Los hoteles carecen de un cambio emocionante en el comportamiento del cliente para la intención de repatronaje aumentada (CRPI) especialmente en países en desarrollo. Este estudio aplica la lógica de servicio dominante del cliente (CDSL) para comprender la esfera de vida de los clientes que contribuyen a algunos de los vitales Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de las Naciones Unidas (ODS de la ONU). En esencia, CDSL comprende el impacto del empoderamiento del cliente (CE) y la RSE ambiental (Env CSR) en C-RPI con efectos de mediación y moderación en hoteles de cuatro y cinco estrellas de Pakistán.

Se utilizó un enfoque deductivo en el que se llevó a cabo una encuesta en línea a 400 clientes de hoteles utilizando técnicas de muestreo intencional y de bola de nieve para comprender la práctica de RPI y los ODS de la ONU.

Este estudio revela que la ejecución de los ODS de la ONU en la industria hotelera finalmente impulsa CE y Env CSR, y mejora aún más O-CVCC resultando en C-RPI. También se informa que tanto CE como Env CSR obtienen una mediación complementaria/parcial por la co-creación de valor del cliente en línea (O-CVCC) en C-RPI. Además, la búsqueda de sensaciones (SS) modera entre CE y O-CVCC. Sin embargo, el compromiso del cliente (CC) no modera entre O-CVCC y C-RPI.

Este estudio destaca que C-RPI (es decir, ODS 11) mejora cuando se cuida Env CSR (es decir, ODS 13), los clientes están empoderados (es decir, ODS 5 y ODS 17) y co-creados en línea (es decir, ODS 9). Este estudio es uno de los primeros estudios en probar empíricamente los enfoques en la industria hotelera que contribuyen a los ODS 5, 9, 11, 13 y 17.

酒店客户对环境恶化的意识日益增强, 并呼吁进行在线沉浸体验。在发展中国家, 尤其需要酒店采取激动人心的客户行为转变措施,以增强客户再次光顾意向（CRPI）。本研究旨在运用客户主导服务逻辑（CDSL）理解客户的生活领域, 同时为联合国关键的可持续发展目标（UN SDGs）做出贡献。在这一框架下, 研究将探讨客户赋权（CE）和环境 CSR（Env CSR）对巴基斯坦四星级和五星级酒店中 CRP I的调节和中介作用。

本研究采用演绎方法, 结合目的性和雪球抽样技术, 对400名酒店客户进行了在线调查, 以深入了解 RPI 以及UN SDGs 的实践情况。

该研究表明, 在酒店业执行 UN SDGs 最终促进了CE 和 Env CSR, 并进一步增强了O-CVCC, 从而导致了C-RPI的提升。同时, CE和Env CSR在 C-RPI 上通过在线客户价值共创（O-CVCC）获得了互补/部分中介。此外, 感知寻求（SS）在CE和O-CVCC之间起到了调节作用。然而, 客户承诺（CC）在O-CVCC和C-RPI之间没有调节作用。

该研究表明, 在酒店业执行 UN SDGs 最终促进了CE 和 Env CSR, 进而进一步增强了O-CVCC, 从而导致 C-RPI的提升。同时, CE 和Env-CSR 在客户再次光顾意向上通过在线客户价值共创 (O-CVCC) 获得了互补或部分中介作用。此外, 感知寻求 (SS) 在CE和 O-CVCC 之间起到了调节作用。然而, 客户承诺(CC)在O-CVCC和C-RPI之间没有发现调节作用。

该研究强调了在 EnvCSR 受到关注时（即SDG 13）, 客户被赋权时（即 SDG 5和SDG 17）, 以及在线共同创造时（即 SDG 9）会增强客户再次光顾意向（即 SDG 11）。这项研究是第一批在实践中测试了酒店业对 SDG 5、9、11、13 和17做出贡献的方法之一。