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Although whey has a high nutritional value, it was regarded as a waste product until new technology enabled its valuable constituents to be recovered and processed into a wide range of products with a great many uses. Susan Hayes BSc, food technologist at the National Dairy Council, describes these developments in processing technology

People with learning disabilities are typically over‐represented in Western criminal justice systems. They are vulnerable during police questioning, and may not comprehend their right to silence; they may confess, or acquiesce to the police version of events. They may have a long history of challenging behaviour which has never been appropriately addressed until the behaviour brings them into contact with the criminal justice system. It is important for service providers to have a working knowledge of the criminal justice system, and a clear idea of their role in relation to the client, especially during police interviews.

Virtually all the milk sold for liquid consumption is heat treated by one of three methods — pasteurisation, sterilisation or ultra heat treatment (UHT). The purpose of heat treatment is two‐fold: to ensure that milk is perfectly safe to drink and to extend its keeping quality.

Cream is basically an emulsion of oil‐in‐water and in commercial production, is separated from milk by centrifugal force in a mechanical separator. Generally, milk is first preheated to about 50°C to facilitate separation. It is then fed to a separator which rotates at between 3,000 and 6,000 rpm, although the most usual speed employed for separating cream is 5,000 rpm.

Fringe benefits may add 15 to 30 percent to the real cost of labor in your institution! If you are responsible for the budget, they could have both a professional and personal effect on you. Library literature contains few studies that compare or even document the costs of fringe benefits by kind or geographic location of the library. Almost every survey comparing salaries and the number of workers in the field excludes fringe benefit costs.

Hard cheeses Cheese has been made in this country for at least 2,000 years. Until the middle of the 19th century, cheese was made on the farm, using the unpasteurised milk from a single herd of cows and very simple equipment. However, due to the amount of cheese consumed in Britain today, 80 per cent is now produced in creameries.

Locus of control (LOC) is the manner in which one attributes their ability to make change in life. This could be through others, fate or chance (externalised), or through oneself (internalised). An internalised LOC results in greater self-belief in the ability to change one's behaviour. Non-disabled offenders with an internalised LOC are more likely to benefit from treatment through therapy and in turn have reduced rates of re-offending. The relationship between LOC and response to treatment is only understood in a limited way for offenders with intellectual disability (ID) who participate in treatment programmes. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

To better understand LOC for offenders with ID, this paper investigates its role in community-based therapy outcomes along with its use as a common pre-/post-measure of treatment success in mainstream offender populations. Drawing upon these findings information more specific to people with ID will be discussed.

This paper will then explore the importance of LOC in treating offenders with ID through a review of the current published literature, which generally indicates offenders with ID demonstrate a tendency towards an external LOC in comparison with non-disabled or non-offender groups.

Given the negative implications for treatment that external LOC may play, several significant therapeutic strategies that can contribute to development of internalised LOC are discussed, in addition to a consideration of other possible variables separate from ID that may play a role in both developing or perpetuating an external LOC.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the training forensic mental health professionals in the USA receive on intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD). Given the difficulties obtaining accurate prevalence rates of these disabilities in criminal justice settings, it is important to understand how these disabilities are being evaluated and the level of understanding about these disabilities evaluators hold.

An online survey was distributed to forensic mental health professionals in the USA that included questions on training opportunities in graduate education, post-graduate forensic training, and professional training opportunities. Participants were also asked about their current work, how they assess I/DD, and their estimates on the percentage of cases they see with I/DD.

Respondents reported some training that focused heavily on assessment methods. Most respondents estimated between 5 and 25 percent of their cases involving I/DD and reported using a wide range of assessment methods. Finally, many respondents reporting more training needed in this area.

More training is needed for forensic mental health professionals on identifying I/DD. Additionally, professional guidelines on what tools and methods to rely on to identify these disabilities is paramount to ensure homogeneity of methods and, thus, better estimates of overall prevalence in criminal justice settings.

This is the first assessment focused on how forensic mental health professionals are trained to identify I/DD and can be used to improve identification of I/DD in forensic settings.

In a recent RQ column, Sharon L. Baker reviewed the profession's literature in the area of readers' advisory services. She found that very little research existed in the area of readers' advisory services. The research that does exist is focused on “passive” readers' advisory strategies. Baker is a leader in this area and her articles on overload and browsing, the use of displays, and genre classification are essential to understanding the adult fiction reader and ways in which libraries can assist these individuals in locating new authors and titles of interest.