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The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of exchange rates of foreign currencies on the material budget in the libraries in India.

A sample of journals costing in foreign currency was selected for the purpose of study. A comparison of inflation rate pertaining to serial price is done with the general rate of inflation in India.

The paper finds that exchange rates of foreign currencies have extensive impact on the acquisitions budget of the libraries in India.

Academic institutions may protect the buying powers of the libraries while allocating funds, keeping in mind the strengthening or weakening of Indian Rupee in comparison to foreign currencies.

This is one of the comprehensive studies on the impact of foreign exchange on subscription in Indian libraries system.

A survey of scholarly and research journals by Fry and White published in 1976 resulted in a searching study of price changes and publishing economics generally. This paper will note such comments as bear upon differential pricing for institutions and individuals. A shift among US subscribers from individual to institutional subscriptions (as a percentage of total sales) was remarked upon for all except a group of publishers described as ‘Other not‐for‐profit’, the main categories being Commercial, Society, and University Press. These ‘Other not‐for‐profit’ journals ‘cost least of publisher groups’ and ‘may be more affordable by individuals’. The general growth in institutional compared with individual subscribers was to be expected ‘as increased prices forced individuals to drop their own subscriptions and rely on copies available through the library’.

The decade of the 1970s witnessed a phenomenon in the growing acceptance of online database searching and its integration with more traditional library services. Although accurate statistics on the extent of online use by type of library remain scarce, an estimated 400 academic libraries used online search systems in 1977. Martha Williams' annual surveys of online search volume in the United States and Canada demonstrate an explosive growth in five years from one million searches in 1975 to almost four million in 1980. Of the more than 500 data‐bases available publicly, over 165 are accessible through the big three “supermarket” search services — BRS, Lockheed, and SDC.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of Shariah-compliant status and the presence of information asymmetry on investors’ demand for initial public offerings (IPOs) in Malaysia.

The data regarding 260 IPOs dated for a duration of 11 years were acquired from the websites of Bursa Malaysia and Malaysian Issuing House. In evaluating the association between IPO oversubscription and the independent variables in this study, multivariate and quantile regression analyses were implemented.

It was found that Shariah-compliant status (DSHARIAH) had a significant positive relationship with IPO oversubscription. With this, it was indicated that Shariah-compliant status gains investors’ interests in subscribing to IPOs as these shares could be distributed to a wider group of investors. In the case of the proxies of information asymmetry, although firm size posed significant effects on IPO oversubscription, the effects were negative. Meanwhile, institutional investors posed significant positive effects on IPO oversubscription. Furthermore, it was indicated from the negative effects of firm size that less subscription is received by large firms which are perceived to possess lower information asymmetry from the investors. This is owing to the less underpricing provided by the issuers for their IPOs. However, it was indicated from the significant positive association between institutional investors and IPO oversubscription that the participation in the IPO among institutional investors would enhance the enthusiasm of investors for a specific stock and increase the probability of IPO oversubscription. With this, the winner’s curse hypothesis was supported.

It is recommended that future studies investigate the compliance aspect, specifically the financial and nonfinancial aspects which may affect investors’ decision-making process for their investment.

With the availability of this study’s indicators in the prospectus, the findings of this study have provided useful insights for an issuer and underwriter to ensure a good subscription of its issuance.

The findings of this study have provided further comprehension to investors regarding the essential information found in the prospectus during the decision-making process done for IPO subscription.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first articles which have proven the effects of Shariah-compliant status and the presence of information asymmetry on IPO investors’ demand.

UK Higher Education has a well‐established network (JANET) accessible to its students and staff. Its existence made it possible for a trans‐university body (JISC) to sponsor the development of datacentres at various sites around the network. Through licensing agreements made with the owners of popular databases (typically marketed by commercial vendors), these databases are now accessible to the Higher Education community through JANET. Preserving the tradition of making print‐based media freely available in academia, there are no direct charges to endusers of electronic sources. There are, however, considerable charges (licensing fees) entailed for the community as a whole. JISC's policy has been that, while access is ‘free to the end‐user at the point of use’, an annual subscription is levied to each Higher Education site which provides access to these databases. In most cases this subscription is met from the budget of the institution's library and information services. The paper considers the impact of this centralised information provision on the growth of end‐user services and some limitations of the current charging policies.

The Howard Shuttering Contractors case throws considerable light on the importance which the tribunals attach to warnings before dismissing an employee. In this case the tribunal took great pains to interpret the intention of the parties to the different site agreements, and it came to the conclusion that the agreed procedure was not followed. One other matter, which must be particularly noted by employers, is that where a final warning is required, this final warning must be “a warning”, and not the actual dismissal. So that where, for example, three warnings are to be given, the third must be a “warning”. It is after the employee has misconducted himself thereafter that the employer may dismiss.

Chemical Abstracts, about to enter its fiftieth year, is at a turning point. Heretofore this journal has been produced without the expectation that subscription income would always meet expenses. Many times this income has been insufficient. Subsidies have balanced budgets. Subscribers have received a bargain. That Chemical Abstracts should thoroughly report and record each year's new chemical information has always been recognized. With adherence to this purpose, Chemical Abstracts has not been curtailed for lack of self‐earned income.

Tax research services are now available on the Web. Other formats include print, online, and CD‐ROM. Academic librarians are faced with choosing between the formats in the face of decreasing budgets and competing institutional needs. This article first examines the changes in format of tax services and outlines those services available to academic libraries. Next, the Web‐based products of the two major publishers, CCH Internet Tax Research Network and RIA Checkpoint, are compared on a number of factors. Differences in the needs between professional and academic subscriptions are evaluated. Finally, several issues are outlined that need to be considered before implementing a Web‐based tax service in an academic library.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between the access mode of research articles [Open Access (OA) and Toll-Access (TA)] and their subsequent citation counts in Biological and Physical Sciences in three Impact factor zones (High, Medium and Low).

Three subjects each from Biological Sciences (Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Genetics) and Physical Sciences (Astronomy, Oceanography and Optics) were selected for the study. A comprehensive list of journals (TA and OA) in select subjects of Biological and Physical Sciences was prepared by consulting Journal Citation Report’s Master Journal List (for the compilation of both Open Access and Toll Access journal list) and Directory of Open Access Journals (for the compilation of Open Access journal list). For each journal, essential details like content language, format, year of publication, access mode (Open Access or Toll Access), etc. were obtained from Ulrich’s Periodical Directory. Web of Science (WoS) was used as citations indexing tool in this study. The data set was run on the WoS to collect the citation data.

The results of the study indicate that open mode of access is not a prerequisite for higher citation boost as in the majority of the cases in this study, TA articles have garnered a greater number of citations as compared to open access articles in different Impact factor zones in Biological and Physical Sciences.

A novel approach has been adopted to understand and compare the research impact of open access (OA) and toll access (TA) journal articles in the field of Biological and Physical Sciences at three Impact factor zone levels to reveal the citation metrics encompassing three parameters, i.e. citedness, average citation count and year wise distribution of citations in select subjects of Biological and Physical Sciences.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/[DOI]/10.1108/OIR-01-2021-0029

The study assesses the non-linear nexus between fixed broadband and economic growth. The study focuses on data from 33 African countries for the period 2010 to 2020.

The empirical evidence is based on unit root tests, panel smooth transition regression and the generalized method of moments.

The following findings are established in this study. (1) The proportion of the population with access to electricity above and below which the relationship between fixed broadband and economic growth changes in sign is about 60%. (2) Below this threshold, each 1% increase in fixed broadband subscriptions induces a decline in economic growth of about 2.58%. Above the threshold, economic growth would increase by 2.43% when fixed broadband subscriptions increase by 1%. Sensitivity analyses and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation show that these results are robust.

Due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which requires countries to take adequate measures to curb the spread of the pandemic, especially by means of virtual economic activities, any national policy aiming at improving the access of populations to high levels of fixed broadband services should be preceded by the implementation of an electrification program for at least 60% of the total population. Otherwise, providing a good quality internet connection for the benefit of the population would not produce the expected effects on economic growth and would, therefore, be counterproductive.

This study complements the extant literature by providing thresholds at which fixed broadband affects economic growth.