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This paper aims to discuss that a WC/Co-Cr alloy coating was applied to the surface of H13 steel by laser cladding.

The oxidation behavior of the WC/Co-Cr alloy coating at 600°C was investigated by comparing it with the performance of the steel substrate to better understand the thermal stability of H13 steel.

The results showed that the WC/Co-Cr alloy coating exhibited better high-temperature oxidation resistance and thermal stability than did uncoated H13 steel. The coated H13 steel had a lower mass gain rate and higher microhardness than did the substrate after different oxidation times.

The WC/Co-Cr alloy coating was composed of e-Co, CW3, Co6W6C, Cr23C6 and Cr7C3; this mixture offered good thermal stability and better high-temperature oxidation resistance.

The purpose of this paper is to research electrochemical testing technology as applied to in field corrosion evaluation of metallic materials and to study the corrosion behaviors of the materials exposed in different marine regions.

The electrode systems for in field electrochemical evaluation of metallic samples are designed and applied to monitor two types of carbon steel samples exposed both in the submerged zone and the tidal zone at a marine corrosion test station. Corrosion potential monitoring, potentiostatic square wave, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical noise methods are used in the test.

It is confirmed that the electrode systems could be used for electrochemical measurement of metallic samples during exposure in the submerged zone and the tidal zone of a marine corrosion test station for long‐term test durations. The electrochemical measuring results reflect the changes and differences of the samples' corrosion behavior during exposure in different regions and they respond directly to the influence of marine environmental factors on the corrosion behaviors, especially the influence of temperature.

In this paper, lots of consecutive and dynamic corrosion information is obtained from field exposures. The findings provide a foundation upon which to investigate and forecast the corrosion behaviors of materials in marine environments.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the spillover effects of a bright-line disclosure regulation that required Chinese listed firms to provide earnings forecasts if they anticipated specified, large earnings changes.

The paper examines the discontinuity of the earnings change distribution of firms listed on the Shenzhen Stock Market between 2010 and 2014. The paper finds that firms no longer subject to the bright-line test still exhibited discontinuity in earnings change distribution. The discontinuity lasted for at least three years with magnitude comparable to that of the firms still subject to the bright-line test. In addition, newly listed firms that had never experienced the bright-line test showed similar tendency to avoid the same threshold. There is some evidence that these firms’ avoidance of the −50 per cent changes was partly because of market pressure.

Research on bright-line tests has to date focused on their immediate and direct effects on firms currently subject to such tests. This study finds that a bright-line disclosure regulation’s influence is not limited to the firms directly governed by the regulation. It could lead to widespread and long lasting distortions in financial reporting behaviors of firms not currently subject to such tests.

The paper has implications for regulators who study the economic consequences of bright-line regulations in general and analysts of the Chinese capital market in particular.

This is the first empirical report that bright-line disclosure regulations affected the financial reporting behavior of firms that were not directly subject to the bright-line tests.

Coopetition is ubiquitous in the economy, but managing effectively this type of relationship between firms remains a challenge for many organizations. This paper investigates the coopetition within corporate groups and focus on factors that determine the simultaneous competition and cooperation between subsidiaries therein.

Drawing on a dataset of 121 corporate groups listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE), this paper theoretically advances and empirically validates the impact of 18 factors which determine the coopetition relationship.

This study's findings confirm the importance of an organizational design among external and internal drivers of intrafirm coopetition. However, the role of an environmental uncertainty as a driver of intrafirm coopetition is not proven. Furthermore, the paper finds that internal determinants explain the phenomenon of coopetition between subsidiaries within a corporate group more than determinants related to the environment.

The paper contributes to the coopetition theory by empirical identification of drivers of intrafirm coopetition and advances the corporate groups studies by exploring internal relationships (cooperation and competition) and the determinants therein.

As proposed by Brandenburger and Nalebuff (1996), the concept of coopetition which highlights the coexistence of both collaborative and competitive forces in interorganizational settings aims to provide a new way of thinking for accelerating the innovation process and generating greater value. However, despite such recognitions, our understanding about how coopetition can help facilitate the innovation process in small and medium enterprises is rather limited. This should warrant a separate stream of research on this issue. Drawing on the concept of effectuation, we will explore the coopetitive innovation process in entrepreneurial firms. Sarasvathy (2001) proposed five principles embedded in the effectuation decision-making process of entrepreneurship. This process starts with a given set of means and controllable goals, followed by interactions with other stakeholders until they are all committed. The final stage leads to the creation of new products and services. The first two stages, means and goals, are the preparation stage in which an entrepreneurial firm distinguishes itself from large established corporations and establishes a base to leverage its contingency according to existing means and acceptable losses. After that, the effectuation process enters into the interaction and commitment stage during which the firm seeks relationships with stakeholders. We argue that the coopetitive forces can appear in the interaction and commitment stages to enlarge and capture value for the entrepreneurial firm involved.

According to previous international studies, the impact of external regulation on bank risk is ambiguous. The purpose of this paper is to ask the question, “When do regulations matter for bank risk-taking?” by reporting the first empirical investigation of how the relation between bank regulations (capital requirements, official supervisory power and market discipline) and bank risk-taking is moderated by board monitoring characteristics.

Using SYS-GMM, the analysis of the interaction between bank-level boards of directors’ attributes (board size, board independence and board gender diversity) and external regulation is based on a sample of 493 banks operating in 54 countries over 2001-2015, accounting for three measures of bank risk-taking.

Regulations matter for bank risk-taking conditional on board characteristics: board size, board independence and board diversity. With the exception of capital requirements, the market discipline exerted by external private monitoring and greater supervisory power are unable to mitigate the propensity to greater risk-taking by banks resulting from larger board size, higher board independence and greater gender diversity of the board.

The bank risk empirical literature is still silent as to the interaction between board governance and regulation for the purpose of examining banks’ risk-taking. This paper fills this gap, thus making a significant contribution by extending our knowledge of whether and how board governance moderates the relationship between external regulation and bank risk-taking.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the erosion-corrosion behavior of ZHMn55-3-1 copper alloy in seawater (flow velocity from 0 to 0.8 m/s, sediment content from 0 to 0.15 percent), to analyze the effects of the flow velocity and sediment content on the erosion-corrosion process.

A simulated erosion-corrosion test system was set up. Weight loss determinations and electrochemical measurements (such as potentiostat square wave (PSW), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests) were used to study the erosion-corrosion behavior of ZHMn55-3-1 copper alloy in stagnant and flowing seawater with different sediment contents.

Under the test conditions, ZHMn55-3-1 copper alloys had good corrosion resistance to stagnant clear seawater, while increasing the flow velocity and sediment content reduced the corrosion resistance of the material. The difference in the erosion-corrosion mechanism between flow velocity and sediment content was that the former affected both the cathode process and the anode process of electrochemical corrosion, while the latter essentially affected only the anode process.

This paper explains the effects of flow velocity and sediment content on the erosion-corrosion behavior of ZHMn55-3-1 copper alloy in flowing seawater.

The aim of this study is to present an experimental research on a Al₂O₃ · TiO₂ plasma coating on AISI 316 stainless steel substrate with and without SiC particulate reinforcement to show how SiC particulate effect on the hardness, wear resistance and microstructure of the coating.

The main objective of the paper is to investigate the effect of SiC particulate on the coating properties such as hardness, wear resistance and microstructure. Achieving of this purpose, harness and sliding test, surface roughness measurements were carried out. In addition to that parallel work on microstructural examination by optical microscope were also conducted. Owing to SiC particulate is harder than Al₂O₃ · TiO₂ plasma coating, it influence hardness and tribological behavior and result in increasing in hardness values and wear resistance of the coating reinforced with SiC particulate compare with unreinforced Al₂O₃ · TiO₂ plasma coating.

This study provides experimental results about the Al₂O₃ · TiO₂ plasma coating with and without SiC_p reinforcement. The obtained experimental results indicate that SiC_p in the coating is influence hardness, wear resistance and microstructure of the coating and make them much harder and having wear resistance. This result is consisted with the values obtained previous studies that is available in literature.

SEM or TEM studies may be needed for better understanding of wear mechanism. Various percentage of SiC particulate in the coating can be used in the further researches and provide more detailed information about effecting on SiC_p reinforcement of the coating.

The results show that SiC_p reinforcement contribute increasing in hardness and wear resistance of the coating. Those compositions of the coating can easily used in related industrial applications.

This paper fulfils some useful information about SiC_p Al₂O₃ · TiO₂ plasma coating and offers practical help to students, related academicians and researchers in the industry.

The purpose of this paper is to document the relationship between intra-group coopetition and subsidiaries' innovation performance and the moderating impact of the intensity of external competition.

Data were collected from 75 subsidiaries in China through a questionnaire survey of their R&D and general managers. The total number of individual respondents was 205. We tested our hypothesis by using ordinary least squares regression.

Intra-group cooperation was found to promote a subsidiary's performance in product and process innovation. Intra-group competition was found to have a U-shaped relationship with product and process innovation. Intra-group cooperation strengthens the U-shaped relationship between intra-group competition and process innovation.

This study involved firms from more than one industry. Studies of specific industries might reach more specific conclusions. And all of the data were self-reported by the managers of the firms concerned. Future studies would be well-advised to consider more objective data describing pairs of parent firms and subsidiaries.

Subsidiaries ought to build their internal networks to cooperate with each other. That can bring significant advantages in terms of information and synergy in innovation. Subsidiaries are also suggested to take full advantage of the opportunities that intra-group competition brings.

This study is the first one to explore coopetition phenomenon in the context of business group. By taking Chinese business group subsidiaries as the research samples, this research not only extends the coopetition research but also reveals that cooperation and competition are co-existed and exert influence in subsidiaries.

Mobile promotion has become an important and popular mechanism for mobile commerce, with many companies using this approach to increase sales and drive brand satisfaction toward the use of mobile apps. Despite the crucial nature of this topic, knowledge on the value of mobile promotion remains insufficient. Drawing upon consumption value theory (CVT), this study aims to examine the underlying mechanism that drives app satisfaction and in-app purchase.

In this research, the authors selected retail mobile apps for empirical testing. The authors recruited 476 users to complete a survey and analyzed the results using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

The results revealed that functional (monetary savings and localization), social (self-expression), emotional (entertainment), epistemic (exploration) and conditional (personalization) value increase the desirability of mobile promotion, thereby facilitating app satisfaction and in-app purchase.

Amid the vast business opportunities of mobile commerce, numerous brands have developed mobile apps that function as platforms for the promotion, provision and purchase of products and services. With the prevalence of mobile app downloads, apps have become the primary mobile platform for conducting mobile promotion. This research contributes to the literature and offers retailers insight into how to create value that can increase app satisfaction and in-app purchasing through mobile promotion.